| 1. |
- Ahmed, Ali, et al.
(author)
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Victimized Twice: A Field Experiment on the Employability of Victims
- 2019
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In: Victims & Offenders. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC. - 1556-4886 .- 1556-4991. ; 14:7, s. 859-874
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Do employers discriminate against victims? We address this question and present the findings of a field experiment on hiring discrimination against victims. Matched pairs of written job applications for fictitious victims and nonvictims were sent to 1,117 employers in various labor market sectors. The probability of receiving a job interview invite or a job offer from employers was then estimated. Differences in this probability between the victim and nonvictim applicants were interpreted as discrimination. Results show that victims had a significantly lower probability of receiving a job interview invite or a job offer from employers than nonvictims. The extent of discrimination varied with applicants sex and occupational characteristics.
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| 2. |
- Ahonen, Lia, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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What is the Hidden Figure of Delinquency in Girls? : Scaling Up From Police Charges to Self-Reports
- 2017
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In: Victims & Offenders. - : Routledge. - 1556-4886 .- 1556-4991. ; 12:5, s. 761-776
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Research on males shows discrepancies between official records and self-reports of delinquency, thus creating a scaling-up factor. Comparable information for girls is still needed. We investigated discrepancies (scaling up factors) from official records to selfreports in a large sample of girls between ages 12 and 17 (N = 2,450). On average there were three self-reported juvenile female offenders for every individual charged by the police, and for every police charge there were four offenses that were committed. The scaling-up factor was highest in early adolescence, indicating that female offenders at a young age were more likely to stay undetected by the police. The scaling-up factor was significantly lower for African American than white girls: a higher proportion of African American delinquent girls were charged by the police. Racial differences in scaling up were significant only for prevalence, not for frequency of offending. Knowledge about scaling-up factors is important for the design and implementation of intervention programs. We discuss racial differences, implications for justice administration, and practical implications for intervention science.
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| 3. |
- Ariel, Barak, et al.
(author)
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Experiences and Reporting of Unwanted Sexual Behaviors on Great Britain’s Rail Network : A Survey of Victims and Witnesses with an Embedded Randomized Vignette Experiment on Callback Effects
- 2024
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In: Victims & Offenders. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1556-4886 .- 1556-4991. ; , s. 1-30
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Unwanted-sexual-behaviors (USBs) on Great Britain’s rail network, though often seen as “lesser-harm” incidents, have profound psychological, emotional, and behavioral impacts on victims and witnesses. A national survey reveals these effects, highlighting the traumatizing effect of USBs, even years later. Victims share their dissatisfaction with reporting USBs and the need for empathetic communication in victim recovery and trust in authorities. The study also examines the impact of reassurance callbacks from police. While a single callback enhanced perceptions of safety and police effectiveness, multiple callbacks were favored, suggesting their potential to improve victim support and confidence in law enforcement responses to USBs.
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| 4. |
- Bäcklin, Emy, 1982-
(author)
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Supporting Masculinities : Wounded Healing and Masculinity in Peer Support Organizations for People with Experiences of Criminality and Substance Abuse
- 2022
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In: Victims & Offenders. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1556-4886 .- 1556-4991. ; 17:6, s. 872-892
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The role of the “wounded healer” can have positive effects for former offenders as regards desistance and social (re)integration; however, research focusing on wounded healing/peer mentoring from a gender perspective is limited. Drawing on fieldwork conducted in Swedish peer support organizations (PESOs) for former offenders and qualitative interviews with former offenders working in five different PESOs, this study analyses how masculinity and support are performed and narrated by 15 wounded healers/peer mentors (men = 11, women = 4, age range 19–60 y/o). It contributes to knowledge about gendered power dynamics of peer support by showing that while masculinity can and do function as capital in peer support work, some displays of masculinity can trigger trauma, with negative consequences for women within PESOs.
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| 5. |
- Engström, Alexander
(author)
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Associations between Risky Lifestyles and Involvement in Violent Crime during Adolescence
- 2018
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In: Victims & Offenders. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1556-4886 .- 1556-4991. ; 13:7, s. 898-920
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Research shows that violent victimization and offending often overlap, and that both outcomes may be related to a risky lifestyle. The author therefore aimed to examine the associations between a risky lifestyle and the probability of being involved in violence as a victim only, offender only, or as a victim-offender, compared with being a total abstainer. In multinomial logistic regression models with data from a sample of adolescents (N = 490), a risky lifestyle was related to a higher probability of crime involvement across all groups compared with total abstainers. However, the significance of specific indicators of a risky lifestyle varied across the different outcomes. Spending a lot of time in the city center at night and frequently being inebriated were related to a higher risk of being a victim only, whereas peer deviance increased the risk for being an offender only. Frequent exposure to criminogenic settings and often being inebriated were related to a higher risk of being a victim-offender. The results indicate that studies on crime involvement and lifestyle must consider each kind of involvement separately. However, not many girls were involved in violent crime as offenders only or victim-offenders, indicating that girls may have risky lifestyles without committing acts of violence.
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| 6. |
- Eriksson, Malin C., et al.
(author)
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Professionals' Experiences With and Perceptions of Children Exposed to Severe and Homicidal Violence in Sweden
- 2017
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In: Victims & Offenders. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1556-4886 .- 1556-4991. ; 12:4, s. 523-548
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study aimed to examine professionals' experiences, perceptions, and knowledge regarding violence-exposed children in order to clarify the status and opportunities these children have in the Swedish legal system. A questionnaire was distributed to 63 professionals, representing police, prosecutors, social personnel, and treatment personnel. Findings revealed several problems that hindered effective work. Routines and guidelines were lacking and knowledge gaps regarding these children were found among all professions. Perceptions that children remember and tell were widely held, although conditions enabling sufficient reports are seldom met. Results can be used to guide necessary changes in national routines and guidelines to ensure recovery and maintaining of societal rights of this group of psychologically abused victims.
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| 7. |
- Jägervi, Lotta
(author)
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Narratives of Being a Helper : The Presentation of Supporters and Victims in Victim Support Sweden
- 2017
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In: Victims and Offenders. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1556-4886 .- 1556-4991. ; 12:5, s. 800-819
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to determine how self-presentation is formulated in victim supporters’ narratives of their interactions with crime victims, and identify the function of the presentation of the crime victim in this self-presentation. This was done through a narrative analysis of material from 12 focus groups in which representatives of Victim Support Sweden discussed their work. A master narrative was identified, in which ideals of flexibility and helpfulness are counterbalanced with ideals of setting proper limits. The analysis also showed that helper ideals were presented in a consistent way, while the concrete helping repertoire presented varied greatly.
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| 8. |
- Moen, Elisabeth, 1956-, et al.
(author)
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Volatile and violent relationships among women sentenced for homicide in Sweden between 1986 and 2005
- 2016
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In: Victims & Offenders. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1556-4886 .- 1556-4991. ; 11:3, s. 373-391
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Data from Swedish court judgments of all 124 women convicted of homicide during 20 years was analyzed. The typical pattern was an abused woman who kills her intimate partner at home with a knife, often with alcohol involved. A subsample (n = 66) was analyzed qualitatively, with a focus on intimate partner relationships. The findings indicate that female homicides usually take place after a long progression of violence and reflect women’s subordinate gendered position. Situational triggers finally lead up to the killing event. Gender equality and the so-called woman-friendly welfare state in Sweden do not appear to reduce women’s volatility in violent relationships.
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| 9. |
- Soares, Joaquim J F, et al.
(author)
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Social support among lifetime victimized men
- 2008
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In: Victims and Offenders. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1556-4886 .- 1556-4991. ; 3:2-3, s. 275-288
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We examined differences in demographics/socioeconomics, lifestyle, and social support between victimized/nonvictimized men, and identified and quantified variables associated with social support. The participants were 520 men and the design cross-sectional. The univariate analyses showed that victims reported higher social support; were more often younger, blue-collar/low white-collar workers; were on student allowances/unemployment; were financially strained; were smokers; and more often had secondary school education than nonvictims. The regressions showed that among victims unemployment and depression were associated with reduced social support; smoking, threatening/aggressive language, and violent threats were associated with increased social support. We may have provided new insights into the social support experiences of victimized men.
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| 10. |
- Thornberg, Robert, et al.
(author)
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Associations between Student-Teacher Relationship Quality, Class Climate, and Bullying Roles : A Bayesian Multilevel Multinomial Logit Analysis
- 2022
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In: Victims & Offenders. - : Taylor & Francis Inc. - 1556-4886 .- 1556-4991. ; 17:8, s. 1196-1223
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study examined whether student-teacher relationship quality at the individual level and student-teacher relationship quality and peer climate at the class level were associated with being a bully, a victim, a bully/victim, or uninvolved in school bullying, controlling for gender, age, socioeconomic status and immigrant background at the individual level and socioeconomic status at the class level. Data from the Swedish Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) survey from 2017/2018 were analyzed. In the current study, a sample of 3,578 students from 213 school classes was included. The findings showed that student-teacher relationship quality at the individual level was associated with a lower probability of being a bully, a bully/victim, or a victim compared to being uninvolved. In addition, class climate at the class level was associated with a lower probability of being a bully/victim or a victim compared to being uninvolved. Supportive class climate and student-teacher relationship is thus important dimensions to focus on in the everyday bullying prevention in school.
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