| 1. |
- Kreuger, Jenny
(author)
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Conducting groundwater monitoring studies in Europe for pesticide active substances and their metabolites in the context of Regulation (EC) 1107/2009
- 2019
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In: Journal of consumer protection and food safety. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1661-5751 .- 1661-5867. ; 14, s. 1-93
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Groundwater monitoring is recommended as a higher-tier option in the regulatory groundwater assessment of crop protection products in the European Union. However, to date little guidance has been provided on the study designs. The SETAC EMAG-Pest GW group (a mixture of regulatory, academic, and industry scientists) was created in 2015 to establish scientific recommendations for conducting such studies. This report provides recommendations for study designs and study procedures made by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Environmental Monitoring Advisory Group on Pesticides (EMAG-Pest). Because of the need to assess the vulnerability to leaching in both site selection and extrapolating study results, information on assessing vulnerability to leaching is also a major topic in this report. The design of groundwater monitoring studies must consider to which groundwater the groundwater quality standard is applicable and the associated spatial and temporal aspects of its application, the objective of the study, the properties of the active substance and its metabolites, and site characteristics. This limits the applicability of standardised study designs. The effect of the choice of groundwater to which the water quality guideline is applied on study design is illustrated and examples of actual study designs are presented.
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| 2. |
- Weltzien, Hans Ulrich, et al.
(author)
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Safe cosmetics without animal testing? Contributions of the EU Project Sens-it-iv
- 2009
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In: Journal für Verbraucherschütz und Lebensmittelsicherheit. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1661-5867 .- 1661-5751. ; 4:suppl. 2, s. 41-48
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The 7th Ammendment to the Cosmetics Directive of the European Commission (Directive 76/768/EEC2) bans the marketing of cosmetics containing animal-tested ingredients since March 2009. Excepted are only tests for repeated dose toxicity, for which the animal ban will come into effect by 2013. One major concern for cosmetics, i.e. the risk of containing skin (contact) sensitizers, has in the past been addressed almost exclusively by animal testing. It is this problem attracting the central interest of the integrated research project Sens-it-iv (Novel Testing Strategies for in vitro Assessment of Allergens, http://www.sens-it-iv.eu ), funded by the EC within framework 6 since October 2005. Here, the 28 Sens-it-iv partners from 10 European States present the 5 most promising types of in vitro assays selected for further refinement. These are: (1) a human epidermal equivalent (EE) model to rank contact allergens according to their sensitizing potency, (2) identification of contact sensitizers, including pro-haptens, through intracellular production of IL-18 by the human keratinocyte cell line NCTC 2544, (3) determination of activation markers such as CD86, CD54 and most prominently CXCL8 (IL-8) on/in dendritic cell lines, (4) contact sensitizer-specific migration of MUTZ Langerhans cells towards the chemokine CXCL12, and (5) the allergen-specific activation and proliferation of na < ve human T cells. Ongoing genomic and proteomic experiments are in the process of identifying larger sensitizer-specific biological marker signatures to be integrated into the above assays. We hope to supply the European control agencies with a basis for further validation of in vitro assays by the end of 2010.
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| 3. |
- Zamaratskaia, Galia
(author)
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A rapid and sensitive method to determine potassium permanganate in meat
- 2019
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In: Journal für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1661-5751 .- 1661-5867. ; 14, s. 167-172
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In some countries, potassium permanganate is illegally added to meat to improve the colour and mask the smell of spoiled meat. In this study, we developed a method for rapidly detecting and quantifying potassium permanganate in beef, horse, lamb and pork meats. First, the surface of meat was treated with 0.2% ethanolic benzidine. In meat containing potassium permanganate, the spots treated with ethanolic benzidine developed a dark green colour within 1-2 s, turning rapidly to black. The changes in colour were similar in potassium permanganate-containing meat of different types (beef, horse, lamb, pork), suggesting that the proposed method can be applied to determine the presence of potassium permanganate irrespective of animal species. We also prepared filter paper strips impregnated with 0.2% ethanolic benzidine, which developed a dark blue-green colour when applied to meat treated with potassium permanganate. The intensity of colour developed was directly related to the concentration of potassium permanganate used in the meat. Analysis of the same samples by spectrophotometer at 450 nm confirmed the results. Using the paper strip method, we were able to non-invasively analyse 37,000 retail meat samples from cattle, horses, lambs and pigs for their content of potassium permanganate. We believe that this method has considerable potential for use by food safety regulatory bodies and consumers at the point of sale.
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| 4. |
- Sandin, Per
(author)
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The precautionary principle and food safety
- 2006
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In: Journal fur Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1661-5751. ; 1:1, s. 2-4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This review gives an overview of the arguments for and against the precautionary principle that have been advanced in the area of food safety. Extensive but not comprehensive coverage of relevant references is given. It begins with an introduction to the precautionary principle itself. After reviewing the arguments a rationale for the precautionary principle in the context of food safety is sketched.
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| 5. |
- Husenov, Bahromiddin, et al.
(author)
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Sustainable Wheat Production and Food Security of Domestic Wheat in Tajikistan: Implications of Seed Health and Protein Quality
- 2021
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In: International journal of environmental research and public health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Staple crop yield, quality and sustainable production are critical for domestic food security in developing countries. In Tajikistan, both seed-borne diseases and protein quality impair the yield and the quality of the major staple crop, wheat. Here, we used a detailed two-year survey of fields on 21 wheat-producing farms in Tajikistan, combined with lab analyses on seed health and protein quality, to investigate the presence of seed-borne diseases and bread-making quality in Tajik wheat. Seed samples were collected for the analysis of: (i) the presence of common bunt (Tilletia spp.) using the centrifuge wash test, (ii) the major pathogenic fungi on/in the seed using the agar plate test and (iii) the protein amount and size distribution using size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC). Field occurrence of common bunt and loose smut was generally low (3 farms in year one (14%) showed common bunt occurrence), but the presence of fungi was observed microscopically on most seed samples (on seeds from 19 out of 21 farms = 91%). Tilletia laevis was the dominant agent in common bunt (present in 19 farms compared to T. tritici present in 6 farms). Altogether, 18 different fungi were identified from seed samples by microscopy. Protein composition, measured with high-performance liquid chromatography as protein amount and size distribution (known to correlate with bread-making quality), differed significantly between samples from different farms and years, although the farm type and land elevation of the farm were not the determinants of the protein composition. The presence of certain fungi on the seed correlated significantly with the protein quality and could then have an impact on the bread-making quality of the Tajik wheat. The presence of seed-borne diseases, a low protein content and weak gluten were the characteristics of the majority of the grain samples, mostly irrespective of farm type and farmer's knowledge. For sustainable development of the Tajik farming systems, and to strengthen the food security of the country, the knowledge of Tajik farmers needs to be increased independently of farm type; in general, plant breeding is required and certified seeds need to be made available throughout the country.
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