| 1. |
- Dalal, Koustuv, 1969-, et al.
(author)
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The origin of violent behaviour among child labourers in India
- 2008
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In: Global Public Health. - : Routledge. - 1744-1692 .- 1744-1706. ; 3:1, s. 77-92
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We explored the causes and circumstances of violent behaviour among a group of child labourers in the Indian unorganized sectors. From 14 categories of occupations, a total of 1,400 child labourers were interviewed in both urban and rural areas. The average family size of these mostly illiterate child labourers is seven, and average family income is 3,200 INR per month. In the short term child labourers become violent, aggressive, and criminal, following a pyramid of violent behaviour, including socio-economic pressure, cultural deviance, and psychological pressure. When considering family history it seems that the problem is part of a vicious cycle of violence, which persists through generations and evolves with financial crisis, early marriage, and violence in the family and workplace. Our study demonstrates that the most vulnerable groups of child labourers belong to the following workplaces: dhabas, food stalls, rail/bus stations, rail-floor cleaning, and rag picking. Giving high priority to capacity building within the community, including support for locally-generated solutions, is warranted.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Ellsberg, Mary, et al.
(author)
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Pathways to change: Three decades of feminist research and activism to end violence against women in Nicaragua
- 2022
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In: Global Public Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-1692 .- 1744-1706. ; 17:11, s. 3142-3159
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents the results of nearly three decades of partnershipbetween feminist researchers and activists to prevent violence againstwomen and girls (VAWG) in Nicaragua. A household survey conductedin 1995 in León, the country’s second-largest city, revealed that 55 percent of women had experienced lifetime physical intimate partnerviolence (IPV), and 27 per cent had experienced IPV in the last 12months. The study results were instrumental in changing domesticviolence laws in Nicaragua. A follow-up study in 2016 found a decreaseof 63 per cent in lifetime physical IPV and 70 per cent in 12-monthphysical IPV. This paper examines possible explanations for thereduction, including the policy reforms resulting from feministadvocacy. We compare risk and protective factors for physical IPV, suchas changes in women’s attitudes towards violence, their use of services,and knowledge of laws, using data from both the 1995 and 2016surveys, as well as three waves of Demographic and Health Surveys. Weconclude that the decline in IPV can be partially attributed to the effortsof the Nicaraguan women’s movements to reform laws, provide servicesfor survivors, transform gender norms, and increase women’sknowledge of their human rights.
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| 4. |
- Frumence, Gasto, et al.
(author)
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Participation in health planning in a decentralised health system : experiences from facility governing committees in the Kongwa district of Tanzania
- 2014
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In: Global Public Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-1692 .- 1744-1706. ; 9:10, s. 1125-1138
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tanzania introduced the decentralisation of its health systems in the 1990s in order to provide opportunities for community participation in health planning. Health facility governing committees (HFGCs) were then established to provide room for communities to participate in the management of health service delivery. The objective of this study was to explore the challenges and benefits for the participation of HFGCs in health planning in a decentralised health system. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs). A total of 13 key informants were interviewed from the council and lower-level health facilities. Five FGDs were conducted from five health facilities in one district. Data generated were analysed for themes and patterns. The results of the study suggest that HFGCs are instrumental organs in health planning at the community level and there are several benefits resulting from their participation including an opportunity to address community needs and mobilisation of resources. However, there are some challenges associated with the participation of HFGCs in health planning including a low level of education among committee members and late approval of funds for running health facilities. In conclusion, HFGCs potentially play a significant role in health planning. However, their participation is ineffective due to their limited capacities and disabling environment.
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| 5. |
- Goicolea, Isabel, et al.
(author)
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Developing and sustaining adolescent-friendly health services : a multiple case study from Ecuador and Peru
- 2017
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In: Global Public Health. - : Routledge. - 1744-1692 .- 1744-1706. ; 12:8, s. 1004-1017
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Adolescent-Friendly Health Services (AFHSs) are those that are accessible, acceptable, equitable, appropriate and effective for different youth sub-populations. This study investigated the process through which four clinics in two countries - Peru and Ecuador - introduced, developed and sustained AFHSs. A multiple case study design was chosen, and data from each clinic were collected through document review, observations and informant interviews. National level data were also collected. Data were analysed following thematic analysis. The findings showed that the process of introducing, developing and sustaining AFHSs was long term, and required a creative team effort and collaboration between donors, public institutions and health providers. The motivation and external support was crucial to initiating and sustaining the implementation of AFHSs. Health facilities' transformation into AFHSs was linked to the broader organisation of country health systems, and the evolution of national adolescent health policies. In Peru, the centralised approach to AFHSs introduction facilitated the dissemination of a comprehensive national model to health facilities, but dependency on national directives made it more difficult to systemise them when ideological and organisational changes occurred. In Ecuador, a less centralised approach to introducing AFHSs made for easier integration of the AFHSs model.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Herzig Van Wees, Sibylle L., et al.
(author)
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The role of faith-based health professions schools in Cameroon's health system
- 2021
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In: Global Public Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-1692 .- 1744-1706. ; 16:6, s. 895-910
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Faith-based health professions schools contribute to the training of staff in many Sub-Saharan African countries. Yet little is known about these actors, their role in the health system, potential comparative advantages and challenges faced. This is a qualitative study drawing on 24 qualitative interviews and 3 focus group discussions. Participants included faith-based health professions schools, staff at faith-based health professions schools, Ministry of Health officials and donors. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. The findings reveal that understanding of faith-based health professions schools held by donors and the Ministry of Health rest on a set of assumptions rather than evidence-backed knowledge and that knowledge on key aspects is missing (not least on the market share of such actors). This suggests that collaboration with and oversight of these non-state schools is limited, raising questions about the balance of state regulation and control in the public-private mix for training health workers. Linked to this weak oversight, the findings also raise concerns over a number of problematic activities at these schools, unaccredited training programmes and the presence of missionary volunteers whose presence and actions are rarely interrogated.
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| 8. |
- Holmberg, Martin, 1947-, et al.
(author)
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Framing post-pandemic preparedness : comparing eight European plans
- 2018
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In: Global Public Health. - : Routledge. - 1744-1692 .- 1744-1706. ; 13:1, s. 99-114
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Framing has previously been studied in the field of pandemic preparedness and global health governance and influenza pandemics have usually been framed in terms of security and evidence-based medicine on a global scale. This paper is based on the pandemic preparedness plans, published after 2009, from eight European countries. We study how pandemic preparedness is framed and how pandemic influenza in general is narrated in the plans. All plans contain references to ‘uncertainty’, ‘pandemic phases’, ‘risk management’, ‘vulnerability’ and ‘surveillance’. These themes were all framed differently in the studied plans. The preparedness plans in the member states diverge in ways that will challenge the ambition of the European Union to make the pandemic preparedness plans interoperable and to co-ordinate the member states during future pandemics.
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| 9. |
- Igumbor, Jude O., et al.
(author)
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Effective supervision of doctoral students in public and population health in Africa: CARTA supervisors’ experiences, challenges and perceived opportunities
- 2022
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In: Global Public Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-1692 .- 1744-1706. ; 17:4, s. 496-511
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. The quality and success of postgraduate education largely rely on effective supervision. Since its inception in 2008, the Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa (CARTA) has been at the forefront of providing training to both students and supervisors in the field of public and population health. However, there are few studies on supervisors’ perceptions on effective doctoral supervision. We used a mostly descriptive study design to report CARTA-affiliated doctoral supervisors’ reflections and perceptions on doctoral supervision, challenges and opportunities. A total of 77 out of 160 CARTA supervisors’ workshop participants responded to the evaluation. The respondents were affiliated with 10 institutions across Africa. The respondents remarked that effective supervision is a two-way process, involving both supervisor and supervisee’s commitment. Some reported that the requirements for effective supervision included the calibre of the PhD students, structure of the PhD programme, access to research infrastructure and resources, supervision training, multidisciplinary exposure and support. Male supervisors have significantly higher number of self-reported PhD graduates and published articles on Scopus but no difference from the females in h-index. We note both student and systemic challenges that training institutions may pursue to improve doctoral supervision in Africa.
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| 10. |
- Irwin, Rachel, et al.
(author)
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Rituals of global health : Negotiating the World Health Assembly
- 2019
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In: Global Public Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-1706 .- 1744-1692. ; 14:2, s. 161-174
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The World Health Assembly is the WHO’s supreme decision-making body and consists of representatives from the 194 WHO Member States who take formal decisions on the WHO’s policies, workplan and budget. The event is also attended by representatives of non-governmental organisations, the private sector, the press and even members of the public. Based on participant observation at six World Health Assemblies, in-depth interviews with 53 delegates to the WHA, and an analysis of WHA Official Records, this article examines the ritualistic aspects of WHA negotiations. We argue that analysing the WHA as a ritual provides an insight into power and legitimacy within global health. Not only are certain understandings of health issues and courses of actions decided by the Assembly, but also the very boundaries of global health community are set. The rules of the ritual place limits on different categories of actors, while both formal and informal rules of behaviour further serve to include or exclude actors from the rituals. Success in negotiation is measured by through the inclusion of certain ideas, norms and values in the wording of resolutions and is achieved through the repetition of language in speeches and by adhering to the rules of behaviour.
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