| 1. |
- Abrahamsson, Lillemor, et al.
(author)
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Principles of nutritional assessment
- 2006
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Food and Nutrition. - 1748-2976 .- 1748-2984. ; 50:4, s. 177-177
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Review (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Agneta, et al.
(author)
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Towards a healhty diet: from nutrition recommendations to dietary advice
- 2007
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Food & Nutrition. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-2976 .- 1748-2984. ; 51:1, s. 31-40
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The scientific knowledge regarding dietary fat, carbohydrate and protein, and food for the youngest and oldest people, was presented by key scientists in the field at a symposium arranged in Uppsala on 14 December 2006. The quality of fat and carbohydrates, rather than the total amount, was emphasized. It was more difficult, however, to reach conclusions about the preferred type of dietary protein. Recent dietary recommendations, main activities and key messages to the public in the Nordic countries, and a 5 year programme to decrease salt intake in Sweden were also presented. Some practical aspects on how to implement the recommendations in the population were highlighted. In many aspects the Nordic countries join together in similar simplified advice to the population. The symposium is summarized in this report.
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| 3. |
- Aro, Antti, et al.
(author)
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Trans fatty acids in the Nordic countries
- 2006
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In: Scandinavian journal of Food and Nutrition. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-2976 .- 1748-2984. ; 50:4, s. 151-154
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Trans fatty acids (TFA) comprise a variety of positional isomers, mainly with 18 carbon atoms and one double bond (C18:1). They are found in foods of ruminant animal origin and in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils. The isomeric composition of TFA in animal and vegetable foods differs, but no definite differences have been documented between the metabolic and health effects of the different isomers. In the Nordic countries the intake of TFA has declined during the past 1015 years, mainly through reduced use of partially hydrogenated vegetable oils. TFA are mainly found in foods that contain far higher amounts of saturated fatty acids (SFA). The proportion of SFA plus TFA should be kept to one-third of total dietary fatty acids. The problem of excessive consumption of these unfavourable fatty acids should be managed with food-based dietary guidelines in agreement with the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations.
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| 4. |
- Basu, Samar
(author)
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The enigma of in vivo oxidative stress assessment: isoprostanes as an emerging target
- 2007
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Food & Nutrition. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-2984 .- 1748-2976. ; 51:2, s. 48-61
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Oxidative stress is believed to be one of the major factors behind several acute and chronic diseases, and may also be associated with ageing. Excess formation of free radicals in miscellaneous body environment may originate from endogenous response to cell injury, but also from exposure to a number of exogenous toxins. When the antioxidant defence system is overwhelmed, this leads to cell damage. However, the measurement of free radicals or their endproducts is tricky, since these compounds are reactive and short lived, and have diverse characteristics. Specific evidence for the involvement of free radicals in pathological situations has been difficult to obtain, partly owing to shortcomings in earlier described methods for the measurement of oxidative stress. Isoprostanes, which are prostaglandin-like bioactive compounds synthesized in vivo from oxidation of arachidonic acid, independently of cyclooxygenases, are involved in many human diseases, and their measurement therefore offers a way to assess oxidative stress. Elevated levels of F2-isoprostanes have also been seen in the normal human pregnancy, but their physiological role has not yet been defined. Large amounts of bioactive F2-isoprostanes are excreted in the urine in normal basal situations, with a wide interindividual variation. Their exact role in the regulation of normal physiological functions, however, needs to be explored further. Current understanding suggests that measurement of F2-isoprostanes in body fluids provides a reliable analytical tool to study oxidative stress-related diseases and experimental inflammatory conditions, and also in the evaluation of various dietary antioxidants, as well as drugs with radical-scavenging properties. However, assessment of isoprostanes in plasma or urine does not necessarily reflect any specific tissue damage, nor does it provide information on the oxidation of lipids other than arachidonic acid.
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| 5. |
- Daryani, Achraf, et al.
(author)
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Reported macronutrient intake and metabolic risk factors : immigrant women from Iran and Turkey compared with native Swedish women
- 2006
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Food and Nutrition. - 1748-2976 .- 1748-2984. ; 50:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Immigrants in general seem to be more vulnerable than the host populations to developing nutrition-related chronic conditions. This may be in part related to diverging dietary habits. Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the nutrient intake and its relationship to metabolic variables among immigrant versus native Swedish women. Design: A cross-sectional health survey of 157 randomly selected foreign-born and native Swedish women. This included 24 h dietary recall repeated four times and administered in the native language. Results: Underreporting was significant, especially among immigrant women. There were no major differences in terms of energy distribution of the macronutrients between very low energy reporters and acceptable energy reporters, indicating that the dietary data reflected the qualitative composition in spite of the underreporting of energy intake. Immigrant women consumed less alcohol and obtained a lower proportion of their energy from saturated fatty acids, but a higher proportion from polyunsaturated fatty acids, sucrose and total carbohydrates. Associations between dietary variables and metabolic risk factors were relatively weak. Conclusions: Underreporting might have attenuated possible associations between diet and risk factors. The study illustrates specific problems in the dietary assessment and the need to develop valid techniques when studying groups of people of diverging ethnic backgrounds.
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| 6. |
- Duan, Rui-Dong
(author)
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Phospholipid signals and intestinal carcinogenesis
- 2006
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Food and Nutrition. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-2976 .- 1748-2984. ; 50:S2, s. 45-53
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Phospholipids are an important constituent of the cell plasma membrane and are also present in most common dietary products, being particularly abundant in milk, egg, meat and beans. Phospholipids are hydrolysed by different phospholipases to generate multiple breakdown products that affect the fate of the cells. Most phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and platelet activating factor are important for cell survival and thus may promote tumorigenesis and inflammation. Sphingomyelin is unique in the sense that its hydrolysis by sphingomyelinase and ceramidase generates several lipid messengers such as ceramide and sphingosine that inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. In the intestinal tract there is a specific type of sphingomyelinase called alkaline sphingomyelinase, which can hydrolyse sphingomyelin in both the cell membrane and the diet. The enzyme may play important roles in preventing colon cancer development and inflammation by hydrolysing sphingomyelin to generate anticancer molecules, and by counteracting the cancer-promoting effects of other phospholipids such as lysophosphatidylcholine and platelet activating factor. This mini-review highlights the signal transduction pathways activated by different phospholipids, with special attention being paid to potential implications in the development of colon cancer.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Nilsson, Ulf, et al.
(author)
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Carboxylic acids in the hindgut of rats fed higly soluble inulin and Bifidobacterium lactis (Bb-123), Lactobacillus salivarius (UCC 500) or Lactobacillus rhamnous (GG)
- 2007
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Food and Nutrition. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-2976 .- 1748-2984. ; 51:13-21, s. 13-21
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Propionic and butyric acids are important nutrients for the mucosal cells and may therefore increase the nutritional status and reduce the permeability of the colonic mucosa. These acids have also been suggested to counteract diseases in the colon, e.g. ulcerative colitis and colon cancer. Different substrates lead to different amounts and patterns of carboxylic acids (CAs). Objective: To study the effect of probiotics on CA formation in the hindgut of rats given inulin. Design: The rats were given inulin, marketed as highly soluble by the producer, together with the probiotic bacteria Bifidobacterium lactis (Bb-12), Lactobacillus salivarius (UCC500) or Lactobacillus rhamnosus (GG), or a mixture of all three. Results: Rats fed inulin only had comparatively high proportions of propionic and butyric acids throughout the hindgut. When diets were supplemented with Bb-12 and UCC500, the caecal pool of CAs increased compared with inulin only. In the caecum the proportion of butyric acid generally decreased when the rats were fed probiotics. In the distal colon the proportion of propionic and butyric acid was lower, while that of lactic acid was generally higher. The caecal pH in rats fed GG and Bb-12 was lower than expected from the concentration of CAs. Further, rats fed GG had the lowest weight gain and highest caecal tissue weight. Conclusions: It is possible to modify the formation of CAs by combining inulin with probiotics. Different probiotics had different effects.
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| 9. |
- Nowicka, Paulina, 1974-, et al.
(author)
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Sugars or sweeteners: Towards guidelines for their use in practice report from an expert consultation
- 2006
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Food and Nutrition. - 1748-2976 .- 1748-2984. ; 50:2, s. 89-96
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With the aim of suggesting recommendations regarding the practical implementation of sweeteners from a nutritional point of view for different groups of consumers, based on present scientific knowledge, the Swedish Nutrition Foundation (SNF) arranged a workshop focusing on the use of sugars and sweeteners in relation to obesity, diabetes, dental health, appetite, reward and addiction. The discussions and conclusions are summarized in this article. It was concluded that restrictions to keep the intake of refined sugars within the recommendations (10E%) should be achieved by limited intake of foods high in sugars, e.g. sweet drinks and candies, rather than other foods that provide less significant amounts of sugars. From a practical point of view it may be useful to restrict the intake of foods high in sugars, especially drinks, to a small amount and to a limited number of occasions, e.g. once or twice a week. Regarding sweeteners, the present intake is considered to be safe from a toxicological point of view. Non-caloric intense sweeteners may be useful for lowering the energy content of liquid and semi-solid foods. Sweeteners may also provide tooth-friendly alternatives within certain food categories, but do not reduce the erosive potential of acidic foods.
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| 10. |
- Nälsén, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
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The importance of dietary antioxidants on plasma antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation in vivo in middle-aged men
- 2006
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Food and Nutrition. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-2976 .- 1748-2984. ; 50:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: High intake of foods rich in antioxidants is associated with a reduced risk of several diseases, including coronary heart disease and some cancers. Objective: To study associations between dietary antioxidants and antioxidant-rich food items and antioxidant capacity (AOC), as well as lipid peroxidation in vivo. Design: A total of 86 men, with a mean age of 60 years, who were part of a larger population-based study in Sweden, participated. Fourteen 24 h recalls were collected by telephone, evenly distributed during 1 year. AOC was measured in plasma using an enhanced chemiluminescence assay and biomarkers of non-enzymic in vivo lipid peroxidation were determined by measuring F2-isoprostanes (8-iso-prostaglandin F2a) in plasma. Results: Higher intakes of ascorbic acid, tocopherols and b-carotene, and of the combined intake of different antioxidant-rich foods, were related to a higher plasma AOC. The levels of F2-isoprostanes were related neither to dieta ry intake of antioxidants nor to antioxidant-rich foods. Conclusions: Individuals with a higher intake of several different antioxidant-rich foods and of dietary antioxidants had a higher plasma AOC than those with the lowest intake, supporting the importance of a balanced diet rich in various antioxidants. Moreover, the results indicate that non-enzymic lipid peroxidation in vivo, measured as F2-isoprostanes in plasma, is not easily affected by the diet.
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