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- Ander, Fredrik, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Time-to-intubation in obese patients : A randomized study comparing direct laryngoscopy and videolaryngoscopy in experienced anaesthetists
- 2017
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In: Minerva Anestesiologica. - : Edizioni Minerva Medica. - 0375-9393 .- 1827-1596. ; 83:9, s. 906-913
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Airway management may be difficult in obese patients. Moreover, during prolonged intubation, oxygen desaturation develops rapidly. Videolaryngoscopy improves the view of the larynx, and the Storz® C-MACTM has been shown to be superior to other videolaryngoscopes in terms of intubation time in obese patients. However, no effort has been made to compare the Storz® C-MACTM with direct laryngoscopy. The aim of the study was to evaluate if the use of Storz® C-MACTM may reduce intubation time when compared to direct laryngoscopy (classic Macintosh® blade).METHODS: eighty patients with body mass index > 35kg/m2 were randomized to orotracheal intubation using either Macintosh® laryngoscope, or the Storz® C-MACTM with the standard Macintosh blade. Patients had no previous history of a difficult airway. Time- to-intubation (TTI) was defined as the time from the moment anaesthetist took the laryngoscope until end-tidal carbon dioxide was detected.RESULTS: no significant difference in TTI could be demonstrated between the two devices tested (mean difference -1.7s (95% CI -6.9 to 3.5s). All patients in the videolaryngoscopy group were successfully intubated with the allocated device, whereas five patients in the direct laryngoscopy group required an alternative device for successful intubation. No significant difference regarding the subjective difficulty of intubation and postoperative sore throat between groups was demonstrated.CONCLUSION: in obese patients the airway may be secured equally fast using direct laryngoscopy (Macintosh®) and with videolaryngoscopy using the Stortz® C-MACTM. The risk for failed intubation, however, appears to be greater with direct laryngoscopy, especially in male obese patients.
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| 2. |
- Andréll, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
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Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest at place of residence is associated with worse outcomes in patients admitted to intensive care : a post-hoc analysis of the Targeted Temperature Management trial
- 2019
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In: Minerva Anestesiologica. - 1827-1596. ; 85:7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The majority of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) occur at place residence, which is associated with worse outcomes in unselected prehospital populations. Our aim was to investigate whether location of arrest was associated with outcome in a selected group of initial survivors admitted to intensive care.METHODS: This is a post-hoc analysis of the Targeted Temperature Management after cardiac arrest trial (TTM trial), a multicenter controlled trial, randomizing 950 OHCA patients to an intervention of 33°C or 36°C. The location of cardiac arrest was defined as place of residence vs. public place or other. The outcome measures were mortality and neurological outcome, as defined by the Cerebral Performance Category scale, at 180 days.RESULTS: Approximately half of 938 included patients arrested at place of residence (53%). Location groups did not differ with respect to age (p=0.11) or witnessed arrests (p=0.48) but bystander CPR was less common (p=0.02) at place of residence. OHCA at place of residence was associated with higher 180-day mortality, 55% vs. 38% (p<0.001) and worse neurological outcome, 61% vs. 43% (p<0.001) compared with a public place or other. After adjusting for known confounders, OHCA at place of residence remained an independent predictor of mortality (p=0.007).CONCLUSIONS: Half of all initial survivors after OHCA admitted to intensive care had an at place of residence which was independently associated with poor outcomes. Actions improve outcomes after OHCA at place of residence should be addressed in future trials.
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| 3. |
- Bjurstrom, M. F., et al.
(author)
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Acute reduction of cerebrospinal fluid volume prior to spinal anesthesia : implications for sensory block extent
- 2020
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In: Minerva Anestesiol. - 1827-1596. ; 86:6, s. 636-644
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Multiple patient and clinical characteristics contribute to the variable outcome of spinal anesthesia (SPA). Acute reduction of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume may alter the effect of SPA. The objective of the present study was to test if aspiration of 10 mL CSF immediately prior to SPA is associated with higher extent of sensory block. METHODS: Interventional cohort study. One hundred and two patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) were included. Fifty-one patients underwent sampling of 10 mL CSF prior to SPA (CSF aspiration group); 51 consecutive patients were used as controls. The primary outcome was the extent of sensory block to cold stimulus 20 minutes after injection of hyperbaric bupivacaine. Secondary outcome measures included duration of motor block and incidence of failed SPA. RESULTS: Acute reduction of CSF volume by 10 mL increased the extent of sensory anesthesia (mean thoracic level [T] 4.3+/-2.4 vs. 7.1+/-2.6, P<0.001). There were no significant between-group differences regarding motor block duration (P>/=0.30) or failed SPA (three of 51 [CSF aspiration group] vs. one of 51 [control group], P=0.31). In a retrospective data analysis, 10 of 13 patients in the CSF aspiration group who had previously received SPA had a higher sensory block after 10 mL CSF aspiration compared to the previous SPA (T4.1 [range, 0-11] vs. T8.2 [4-10], P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Acute reduction of CSF volume by 10 mL prior to SPA leads to a higher thoracic level of sensory block.
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| 6. |
- DI Pino, Giovanni, et al.
(author)
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Neurophysiological models of phantom limb pain: what can be learnt
- 2021
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In: Minerva anestesiologica. - 1827-1596 .- 0375-9393. ; 87:4, s. 481-487
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Phantom Limb Pain (PLP) is a dysesthesic painful sensations perceived in the lost limb, resulting from complex interactions between structural and functional nervous systems changes. We analyze its main pathogenetic models and speculate on candidate therapeutic targets. The neuroma model considers PLP to arise from spontaneous activity of residual limb injured axons. Other peripheral-origin models attribute PLP to damage of somatosensory receptors or vascular changes. According to the cortical remapping model, the loss of bidirectional nervous flow and the need to enhance alternative functions trigger reorganization and arm and face skin afferents "invade" the hand territory. On the contrary, the persistent representation model suggests that continued inputs preserve the lost limb representation and that, instead to a shrinkage, PLP is associated with larger representation and stronger cortical activity. In the neuromatrix model, the mismatch between body representation, which remains intact despite limb amputation, and real body appearance generates pain. Another hypothesis is that proprioceptive memories associate specific limb positions with pre-amputation pain and may be recalled by those positions. Finally, the stochastic entanglement model offers a direct relationship between sensorimotor neural reorganization and pain. Amputation disrupts motor and somatosensory circuits, allowing for maladaptive wiring with pain circuits and causing pain without nociception. Relief of PLP depends solely on motor and somatosensory circuitry engagement, making anthropomorphic visual feedback dispensable. Existing and apparently contradicting theories might not be mutually exclusive. All of them involve several intertwined potential mechanisms by which replacing the amputated limb by an artificial one could counteract PLP.
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| 7. |
- Ferrando, Carlos, et al.
(author)
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A noninvasive postoperative clinical score to identify patients at risk for postoperative pulmonary complications : the Air-Test Score
- 2020
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In: Minerva Anestesiologica. - : EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA. - 0375-9393 .- 1827-1596. ; 86:4, s. 404-415
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) negatively affect morbidity, healthcare costs and postsurgical survival. Preoperative and intraoperative peripheral oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO(2)) levels are independent risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). The air-test assesses the value of SpO(2) while breathing room-air. We aimed at building a clinical score that includes the air-test for predicting the risk for PPCs. METHODS: This is a development and validation study in patients -randomly divided into two cohorts- from a large randomized clinical trial (iPROVE) that enrolled 964 intermediate-to-high risk patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. Arterial oxygenation was assessed on room-air in the preoperative period (preoperative air-test) and 3h after admission to the postoperative care unit (postoperative air-test). The air-test was defined as positive or negative if SpO(2) was <= 96% or >96%, respectively. Positive air-tests were stratified into weak (93-96%) or strong (<93%). The primary outcome was a composite of moderate-to-severe PPCs during the first seven postoperative days. RESULTS: A total of 902 patients were included in the final analysis (542 in the development cohort and 360 in the validation cohort). Regression analysis identified five independent risk factors for PPC: age. type of surgery, pre- and postoperative air-test, and atelectasis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.75-0.82) when including these five independent predictors. We built a simplified score termed "air-test score" by using only the pre- and postoperative SpO(2) , resulting in an AUC of 0.72 (95% CI: 0.67-0.76) for the derivation and 0.72 (95% CI: 0.66-0.78) for the validation cohort, respectively. The air-test score stratified patients into four levels of risk, with PPCs ranging from <15% to >75%. CONCLUSIONS: The simple, non-invasive and inexpensive bedside air-test score, evaluating pre- and postoperatively SpO(2) measured on room-air, helps to predict the risk for PPCs.
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| 9. |
- Hedenstierna, Göran
(author)
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Esophageal pressure : benefit and limitations
- 2012
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In: Minerva Anestesiologica. - 0375-9393 .- 1827-1596. ; 78:8, s. 959-966
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The recording of esophageal pressure (Pes) in supine position as a Substitute for pleural pressure is difficult and fraught with potential errors. Pes is affected by the: 1) elastance and weight of the lung; 2) elastance and weight of the rib cage; 3) weight of the mediastinal organs; 4) elastance and weight of the diaphragm and abdomen; 5) elastance of the esophageal wall; and 6) elastance of the esophageal balloon (if filled with too much air). If the purpose is to measure lung compliance in the intensive care patient, reasonably useful information might be obtained by measuring airway pressure alone, considering chest wall compliance to be a weight that is forced away by the ventilation. Such weight requires a constant pressure for displacement. The transpulmonary pressure, whether calculated with Pes or by another measure of abdominal pressure, may guide in PEEP titration. It may also enable calculation of stresses applied to the lung and these may be more important in guiding an optimal ventilator setting than an optimum compliance or oxygenation of blood. Diaphragm function can be estimated by esophageal minus gastric pressure and with even more precision, when combined with diaphragm electromyography. (Minerva Anestesiol 2012;78:959-66)
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| 10. |
- Holzgraefe, B., et al.
(author)
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Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for pandemic H1N1 2009 respiratory failure
- 2010
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In: Minerva Anestesiologica. - 0375-9393 .- 1827-1596. ; 76:12, s. 1043-1051
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Severe respiratory failure related to infection with the pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 virus is uncommon but possibly life-threatening. If, in spite of maximal conventional critical care, the patient's condition deteriorates, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may be a life-saving procedure. METHODS: An observational study approved by the local ethics committee was carried out. Data from all patients treated with ECMO at the ECMO Center Karolinska for influenza A/H1N1 2009-related severe respiratory failure were analyzed. The main outcome measure was survival three months after discharge from our department. RESULTS: Between July 2009 and January 2010, 13 patients with H1N1 2009 respiratory failure were treated with ECMO. Twelve patients were cannulated for veno-venous ECMO at the referring hospital and transported to Stockholm. One patient was cannulated in our hospital for veno-arterial support. The median ratio of the arterial partial oxygen pressure to the fraction of inspired oxygen (P/F ratio: PaO2 /FiO2) before cannulation was 52.5 (interquartile range 38-60). Four patients were converted from veno-venous to veno-arterial ECMO because of right heart failure (three) or life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias (one). The median maximum oxygen consumption via ECMO was 251 ml/min (187-281 ml/min). Twelve patients were still alive three months after discharge; one patient died four days after discharge due to intracranial hemorrhage. CONCLUSION: Patients treated with veno-venous or veno-arterial ECMO for H1N1 2009-related respiratory failure may have a favorable outcome. Contributing factors may include the possibility of transport on ECMO, conversion from veno-venous (v-v) or veno-arterial (v-a) ECMO if necessary, high-flow ECMO to meet oxygen requirements and active surgery when needed.
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