| 1. |
- Höglund, Erik, et al.
(author)
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Stress-induced changes in brain serotonergic activity, plasma cortisol and aggressive behavior in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) is counteracted by L-DOPA
- 2001
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In: Physiology and Behavior. - 0031-9384 .- 1873-507X. ; 74:3, s. 381-389
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) were tested for aggressive behavior using intruder tests, before and after 2 days of dyadic social interaction. Following social interaction, half of the dominant and half of the subordinate fish were given l-DOPA (10 mg/kg, orally), whereas the remaining dominant and subordinate fish were given vehicle. One hour following drug treatment, the fish were tested for aggressive behavior again in a third and final intruder test, after which blood plasma and brain tissue were sampled for analysis of plasma cortisol concentrations and brain levels of monoamines and monoamine metabolites. Subordinate fish showed a reduction in the number of attacks launched against the intruder, as well as an increase in attack latency, as compared to prior to dyadic social interactions. Social subordination also resulted in an elevation of brain serotonergic activity. Fish receiving l-DOPA prior to the final intruder test showed shorter attack latency than vehicle controls. Drug treatment was a stressful experience and vehicle controls showed elevated plasma cortisol levels and longer attack latency as compared to before treatment. l-DOPA-treated fish showed lower plasma levels of cortisol and lower serotonergic activity in certain brain areas than vehicle controls. These results suggest that l-DOPA counteracts the stress-induced inhibition of aggressive behavior, and at the same time inhibits stress-induced effects on brain serotonergic activity and plasma cortisol concentrations.
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| 2. |
- Sjödén, Per-Olow, et al.
(author)
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Sex-dependent effects of prenatal 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy-acetic acid on rats open-field behavior
- 1972
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In: Physiology and Behavior. - 0031-9384 .- 1873-507X. ; 9:3, s. 357-360
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Female rats were orally injected with a single dose of 2,4,5-trichlorophen-oxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) during early pregnancy. Their offspring were subjected to open-field testing for two consecutive days at 90 days of age. It was found that male offspring of treated mothers were significantly more explorative than male offspring of control mothers. No effect of treatment on emotional reactivity was observed in male groups. Open-field behavior of female offspring was not affected by the treatment. The results are discussed with regard to mechanisms, mediating the observed effects.
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| 3. |
- Adriaenssens, B., et al.
(author)
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Telomere length covaries with personality in wild brown trout
- 2016
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In: Physiology and Behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 0031-9384 .- 1873-507X. ; 165, s. 217-222
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The prevalence of consistent among-individual differences in behaviour, or personality, makes adaptive sense if individuals differ in stable state variables that shift the balance between the costs and benefits of their behavioural decisions. These differences may give rise to both individual differences in, and covariance among, behaviours that influence an individual's exposure to risks. We here study the link between behaviour and a candidate state variable previously overlooked in the study of state-dependent personality variation: telomere length. Telomeres are the protective endcaps of chromosomes and their erosion with age is thought to play a crucial role in regulating organismal senescence and intrinsic lifespan. Following evidence that shorter telomeres may reduce the lifespan of animals in a wide range of taxa, we predict individuals with shorter telomeres to behave more boldly and aggressively. In order to test this, we measured telomere length and behaviour in wild juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta). We found individuals with shorter fin telomeres to behave consistently more boldly and aggressively under controlled conditions in the laboratory. No such relationship was found with muscle telomere length 3–4months after the behavioural assays. We suggest that telomere dynamics are an important factor integrating personality traits with other state variables thought to be important in the regulation of behaviour, such as metabolism, disease resistance and growth. © 2016 Elsevier Inc.
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| 7. |
- Anderberg, Rozita H, 1976, et al.
(author)
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Dopamine signaling in the amygdala, increased by food ingestion and GLP-1, regulates feeding behavior.
- 2014
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In: Physiology & behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-507X .- 0031-9384. ; 136, s. 135-144
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mesolimbic dopamine plays a critical role in food-related reward processing and learning. The literature focuses primarily on the nucleus accumbens as the key dopaminergic target in which enhanced dopamine signaling is associated with reward. Here, we demonstrate a novel neurobiological mechanism by which dopamine transmission in the amygdala regulates food intake and reward. We show that food intake was associated with increased dopamine turnover in the amygdala. Next, we assess the impact of direct intra-amygdala D1 and D2 receptor activation on food intake and sucrose-driven progressive ratio operant conditioning in rats. Amygdala D2 receptor activation reduced food intake and operant behavior for sucrose, whereas D2 receptor blockade increased food intake but surprisingly reduced operant behavior. In contrast, D1 receptor stimulation or blockade did not alter feeding or operant conditioning for food. The glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) system, a target for type 2 diabetes treatment, in addition to regulating glucose homeostasis, also reduces food intake. We found that central GLP-1R receptor activation is associated with elevated dopamine turnover in the amygdala, and that part of the anorexic effect of GLP-1 is mediated by D2 receptor signaling in the amygdala. Our findings indicate that amygdala dopamine signaling is activated by both food intake and the anorexic brain-gut peptide GLP-1 and that amygdala D2 receptor activation is necessary and sufficient to change feeding behavior. Collectively these studies indicate a novel mechanism by which the dopamine system affects feeding-oriented behavior at the level of the amygdala.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Annerstedt, Matilda, et al.
(author)
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Inducing physiological stress recovery with sounds of nature in a virtual reality forest : results from a pilot study
- 2013
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In: Physiology and Behavior. - 0031-9384 .- 1873-507X. ; 118, s. 240-50
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Experimental research on stress recovery in natural environments is limited, as is study of the effect of sounds of nature. After inducing stress by means of a virtual stress test, we explored physiological recovery in two different virtual natural environments (with and without exposure to sounds of nature) and in one control condition. Cardiovascular data and saliva cortisol were collected. Repeated ANOVA measurements indicated parasympathetic activation in the group subjected to sounds of nature in a virtual natural environment, suggesting enhanced stress recovery may occur in such surroundings. The group that recovered in virtual nature without sound and the control group displayed no particular autonomic activation or deactivation. The results demonstrate a potential mechanistic link between nature, the sounds of nature, and stress recovery, and suggest the potential importance of virtual reality as a tool in this research field.
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| 10. |
- Arvidsson, Josefin, et al.
(author)
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Successful acquisition of an olfactory discrimination test by Asian elephants,Elephas maximus
- 2012
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In: Physiology and Behavior. - : Elsevier. - 0031-9384 .- 1873-507X. ; 105:3, s. 809-814
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study demonstrates that Asian elephants, Elephas maximus, can successfully be trained to cooperatein an olfactory discrimination test based on a food-rewarded two-alternative instrumental conditioningprocedure. The animals learned the basic principle of the test within only 60 trials and readily mastered intramodalstimulus transfer tasks. Further, they were capable of distinguishing between structurally related odorstimuli and remembered the reward value of previously learned odor stimuli after 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks ofrecess without any signs of forgetting. The precision and consistency of the elephants' performance in testsof odor discrimination ability and long-term odor memory demonstrate the suitability of this method forassessing olfactory function in this proboscid species. An across-species comparison of several measuresof olfactory learning capabilities such as speed of initial task acquisition and ability to master intramodalstimulus transfer tasks shows that Asian elephants are at least as good in their performance as mice, rats,and dogs, and clearly superior to nonhuman primates and fur seals. The results support the notion thatAsian elephants may use olfactory cues for social communication and food selection and that the sense ofsmell may play an important role in the control of their behavior.
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