| 1. |
- Harms-Ringdahl, Lars, et al.
(author)
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Approaches to accident prevention : a comparative study of eleven Swedish authorities
- 1995
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In: Safety Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-7535 .- 1879-1042. ; 21:1, s. 51-63
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A comparison has been made between 11 Swedish authorities involved in accident prevention. The authorities' fields of responsibility were in industry, transportation, the environment, and medical care. The aim of the investigation has been to examine approaches to and methods for the prevention of accidents. Representatives from the authorities participated in three seminars and responded to a questionnaire. There are several issues and problems which are of common concern to the authorities. A majority state that one of their greatest problems is to get the "object" of their surveillance to take responsibility, act in a committed manner and work systematically. Also, nearly all state that there are safety problems with computer-controlled equipment and with demands imposed on individuals, e.g., skills demands. At a majority of the authorities, development is in progress of methodologies to be utilized in safety matters. This applies, for example, to the investigation of accidents, surveillance and inspection, and the scrutiny of results from safety analyses. There did not seem to be any appreciable collaboration between authorities across sectoral boundaries with regard to development aimed at safety issues. However, a need for such collaboration appeared to have advantages. Only a few of the authorities gave prominence to contacts with the international scientific community as a means for improving their approaches and working methods in relation to safety.
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| 2. |
- Ruth, Walter
(author)
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Union goes to university : A training program to balance the employers' dominance in the planning of new technology and organizational development
- 1996
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In: Safety Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-7535 .- 1879-1042. ; 23:2-3, s. 189-190
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There are several union schools in Sweden with training programs and courses for local union officers and safety representatives on negotiation techniques, agreements, rules and legislation, basic ergonomics, and working environment matters. Swedish universities arrange open courses on diverse topics, running for one or two terms on a part time basis, thereby making it possible to combine studying and working. There are five basic strategies of obstacles to balanced worker's participation, namely ingrained patterns hampering union representatives to act in a new role and employer's control of information, project demarcation, time, and planning language
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| 3. |
- Adolfsson, Emelie, et al.
(author)
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Optimisation of an EPR dosimetry system for robust and high precision dosimetry
- 2014
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In: Radiation Measurements. - : Elsevier. - 1350-4487 .- 1879-0925. ; 70, s. 21-28
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Clinical applications of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dosimetry systems demand high accuracy causing time consuming analysis. The need for high spatial resolution dose measurements in regions with steep dose gradients demands small sized dosimeters. An optimization of the analysis was therefore needed to limit the time consumption. The aim of this work was to introduce a new smaller lithium formate dosimeter model (diameter reduced from standard diameter 4.5 mm to 3 mm and height from 4.8 mm to 3 mm). To compensate for reduced homogeneity in a batch of the smaller dosimeters, a method for individual sensitivity correction suitable for EPR dosimetry was tested. Sensitivity and repeatability was also tested for a standard EPR resonator and a super high Q (SHQE) one. The aim was also to optimize the performance of the dosimetry system for better efficiency regarding measurement time and precision. A systematic investigation of the relationship between measurement uncertainty and number of readouts per dosimeter was performed. The conclusions drawn from this work were that it is possible to decrease the dosimeter size with maintained measurement precision by using the SHQE resonator and introducing individual calibration factors for dosimeter batches. It was also shown that it is possible reduce the number of readouts per dosimeter without significantly decreasing the accuracy in measurements.
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| 4. |
- af Wåhlberg, Anders E.
(author)
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Aggregation of driver celeration behavior data : Effects on stability and accident prediction
- 2007
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In: Safety Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-7535 .- 1879-1042. ; 45:4, s. 487-500
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Predictions about effects of aggregating driver celeration data were tested in a set of data where bus drivers' behavior had been measured repeatedly over three years in a city environment. For drivers with many measurements, this data was correlated with the drivers' accident record at various levels of aggregation over measurements. A single measurement (one sample) was seldom a significant predictor, but for each drive added to a mean, the variation explained in accident record was increased by about 1%. Also, correlations between measurements increased when these were aggregated, and the association with number of passengers (a proxy for traffic density) decreased somewhat, all as predicted. These results show that although driver celeration behavior is only semi-stable across time and environments, aggregating measurements increases both stability and predictive power versus accidents considerably. The celeration variable is therefore promising as a tool for identifying dangerous drivers, if these can be measured repeatedly, or, even better, continuously.
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| 5. |
- af Wåhlberg, Anders E.
(author)
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If you can’t take the heat : Influences of temperature on bus accident rates
- 2008
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In: Safety Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-7535 .- 1879-1042. ; 46:1, s. 66-71
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The influences of heat and rain upon accident risk of city buses in a Swedish town were studied for a 10-year time period, but no reliable effects found, despite the fact that the temperature might be as high as 30 degrees C outside the vehicles. As the use of single accidents with buses bypasses many of the methodological problems inherent in the study of weather effects on accident rates, for example changes in general traffic density, the present study was a rather strict test of the hypothesis of increased accident risk due to these factors. It was therefore concluded that rain and high temperatures do not increase the risk of accident for low-speed buses in Sweden. However, there could still be an effect of hot weather on bus accidents at higher temperatures than those normally found in Sweden.
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| 6. |
- Aichholzer, Oswin, et al.
(author)
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Folding Polyominoes with Holes into a Cube
- 2021
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In: Computational geometry. - : Elsevier. - 0925-7721 .- 1879-081X. ; 93
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- When can a polyomino piece of paper be folded into a unit cube? Prior work studied tree-like polyominoes, but polyominoes with holes remain an intriguing open problem. We present sufficient conditions for a polyomino with one or several holes to fold into a cube, and conditions under which cube folding is impossible. In particular, we show that all but five special “basic” holes guarantee foldability.
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| 7. |
- Aijaz, Asim, et al.
(author)
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A strategy for increased carbon ionization in magnetron sputtering discharges
- 2012
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In: Diamond and related materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-9635 .- 1879-0062. ; 23, s. 1-4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A strategy that facilitates a substantial increase of carbon ionization in magnetron sputtering discharges is presented in this work. The strategy is based on increasing the electron temperature in a high power impulse magnetron sputtering discharge by using Ne as the sputtering gas. This allows for the generation of an energetic C+ ion population and a substantial increase in the C+ ion flux as compared to a conventional Ar-HiPIMS process. A direct consequence of the ionization enhancement is demonstrated by an increase in the mass density of the grown films up to 2.8 g/cm(3); the density values achieved are substantially higher than those obtained from conventional magnetron sputtering methods.
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| 8. |
- Aijaz, Asim, et al.
(author)
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Principles for designing sputtering-based strategies for high-rate synthesis of dense and hard hydrogenated amorphous carbon thin films
- 2014
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In: Diamond and related materials. - : Elsevier. - 0925-9635 .- 1879-0062. ; 44, s. 117-122
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the present study we contribute to the understanding that is required for designing sputtering-based routes for high rate synthesis of hard and dense amorphous carbon (a-C) films. We compile and implement a strategy for synthesis of a-C thin films that entails coupling a hydrocarbon gas (acetylene) with high density discharges generated by the superposition of high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) and direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS). Appropriate control of discharge density (by tuning HiPIMS/DCMS power ratio), gas phase composition and energy of the ionized depositing species leads to a route capable of providing ten-fold increase in the deposition rate of a-C film growth compared to HiPIMS Ar discharge (Aijaz et al. Diamond and Related Materials 23 (2012) 1). This is achieved without significant incorporation of H (< 10 %) and with relatively high hardness (> 25 GPa) and mass density (~2.32 g/cm3). Using our experimental data together with Monte-Carlo computer simulations and data from the literature we suggest that: (i) dissociative reactions triggered by the interactions of energetic discharge electrons with hydrocarbon gas molecules is an important additional (to the sputtering cathode) source of film forming species and (ii) film microstructure and film hydrogen content are primarily controlled by interactions of energetic plasma species with surface and sub-surface layers of the growing film.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Albertsson, Pontus, et al.
(author)
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Case study: 128 injured in rollover coach crashes in Sweden - injury outcome, mechanisms and possible effects of seat belts.
- 2006
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In: Safety Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-7535 .- 1879-1042. ; 44:2, s. 87-109
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The risk for injuries in rollover coach crashes are dependent on whether the occupants are belted or not. However, the influence of the different belt systems for reducing injuries has remained unclear. Since many injuries sustained are caused by impacts with the interior, passenger interactions or ejection through a window, the advantages by proper seat belt systems are evident. In this study, representing the most common serious crash scenario for serious injury, 128 injured in rollover cases were analysed with regard to the injury outcome, mechanisms and the possible injury reduction for occupants when using a safety belt. Furthermore, the different belt systems were compared to explain their contribution to increased safety. Based on medical reports and questioning of the passengers, the injuries sustained are recorded according to the AIS classification. The next step was the identification of the injury mechanisms, using the passenger statements as well as results from numerical occupant simulations. It is important to mention that this study was purely focused on detection of the injury mechanism to avoid the reported injuries. The possibility of additional injuries due to the wearing of a belt were not taken into account. However, the analysis of the 128 injured showed a considerable increase in safety for belted occupants through limiting interior contacts, minimising passenger interaction and reducing the possibility of ejection.
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