| 1. |
- Assoufid, Lahsen, et al.
(author)
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Next-generation materials for future synchrotron and free-electron laser sources
- 2017
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In: MRS bulletin. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0883-7694 .- 1938-1425. ; 42:6, s. 418-423
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The development of new materials and improvements of existing ones are at the root of the spectacular recent developments of new technologies for synchrotron storage rings and free-electron laser sources. This holds true for all relevant application areas, from electron guns to undulators, x-ray optics, and detectors. As demand grows for more powerful and efficient light sources, efficient optics, and high-speed detectors, an overview of ongoing materials research for these applications is timely. In this article, we focus on the most exciting and demanding areas of materials research and development for synchrotron radiation optics and detectors. Materials issues of components for synchrotron and free-electron laser accelerators are briefly discussed. The articles in this issue expand on these topics.
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| 2. |
- Balke, Nina, et al.
(author)
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Scanning probes for new energy materials: Probing local structure and function
- 2012
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In: MRS bulletin. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP): STM Journals - No Cambridge Open. - 0883-7694 .- 1938-1425. ; 37:7, s. 633-637
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The design and control of materials properties, often at the nanoscale, are the foundation of many new strategies for energy generation, storage, and efficiency. Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) has evolved into a very large toolbox for the characterization of properties spanning size scales from hundreds of microns to nanometers. Recent advances in SPM involve properties and size scales of precise relevance to energy-related materials, as presented in this issue. These advances are put into the general context of energy research, and the general principles are summarized.
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| 3. |
- Berglund, Lars A., et al.
(author)
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Cellulose Biocomposites : From Bulk Moldings to Nanostructured Systems
- 2010
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In: MRS bulletin. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0883-7694 .- 1938-1425. ; 35:3, s. 201-207
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cellulose biocomposites are widely used in industry as a low-cost engineering material with plant fiber reinforcement. However, chemical and microstructural heterogeneity causes low strength, low strain-to-failure, high moisture sensitivity, and odor and discoloration problems. Efforts toward improved performance through fiber orientation control, increased fiber lengths, and biopolymer use are reviewed. Interfacial strength control and moisture sensitivity are remaining challenges. As an attractive alternative reinforcement, high-quality cellulose nanofibers obtained by wood pulp fiber disintegration can be prepared at low cost. These nanofibers have high length/diameter ratios, diameters in the 5-15 nm range, and intrinsically superior physical properties. Wood cellulose nanofibers are interesting as an alternative reinforcement to more expensive nanoparticles, such as carbon nanotubes. Nanopaper and polymer matrix nanocomposites based on cellulose nanofiber networks show high strength, high work-of-fracture, low moisture adsorption, low thermal expansion, high thermal stability, high thermal conductivity, exceptional barrier properties, and high optical transparency. The favorable mechanical performance of bioinspired foams and low-density aerogels is reviewed. Future applications of cellulose biocomposites will be extended from the high-volume/low-cost end toward high-tech applications, where cellulose properties are fully exploited in nanostructured materials.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Bienfang, J. C., et al.
(author)
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Materials, devices, and systems for high-speed single-photon counting
- 2022
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In: MRS bulletin. - : Springer Nature. - 0883-7694 .- 1938-1425. ; 47:5, s. 494-501
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Optical communications and high-speed optoelectronics are enabling technologies for modern information networks. Driven by the need for improved bandwidth, high efficiency, and low noise, advances over the last decades have led to high-performance photodetectors operating at the quantum limit. In particular, single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) and superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) provide excellent performance in terms of high detection efficiency and low noise. In this article, we highlight materials challenges in these detectors and review recent progress on devices, and systems for high-count-rate single-photon counting with SPADs and SNSPDs. Device configurations specifically designed for high-speed optoelectronics are discussed, including active detector readout schemes. Advantages and tradeoffs of the different device technologies are summarized and compared, providing an outlook on future prospects for performance optimization and emerging applications.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Dadbakhsh, Sasan, et al.
(author)
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Laser additive manufacturing of bulk and porous shape-memory NiTi alloys : From processes to potential biomedical applications
- 2016
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In: MRS bulletin. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0883-7694 .- 1938-1425. ; 41:10, s. 765-774
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- NiTi alloys are well known not only due to their exceptional shape-memory ability to recover their primary shape, but also because they show high ductility, excellent corrosion and wear resistance, and good biological compatibility. They have received significant attention especially in the field of laser additive manufacturing (AM). Among laser AM techniques, selective laser melting and laser metal deposition are utilized to exploit the unique properties of NiTi for fabricating complex shapes. This article reviews the properties of bulk and porous laser-made NiTi alloys as influenced by both process and material parameters. The effects of processing parameters on density, shape-memory response, microstructure, mechanical properties, surface corrosion, and biological properties are discussed. The article also describes potential opportunities where laser AM processes can be applied to fabricate dedicated NiTi components for medical applications.
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| 8. |
- Dick Thelander, Kimberly, et al.
(author)
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Directed growth of branched nanowire structures
- 2007
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In: MRS Bulletin. - 1938-1425. ; 32:2, s. 127-133
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We describe the production of hierarchical branched nanowire structures by the sequential seeding of multiple wire generations with metal nanoparticles. Such complex structures represent the next step in the study of functional nanowires, as they increase the potential functionality of nanostructures produced in a self-assembled way. It is possible, for example, to fabricate a variety of active heterostructure segments with different compositions and diameters within a single connected structure. The focus of this work is on epitaxial III-V semiconductor branched nanowire structures, with the two materials GaP and InAs used as typical examples of branched structures with cubic (zinc blende) and hexagonal (wurtzite) crystal structures. The general morphology of these structures will be described, as well as the relationship between morphology and crystal structure.
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| 9. |
- Dürr, Hermann A., et al.
(author)
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Revealing momentum-dependent electron-phonon and phonon-phonon coupling in complex materials with ultrafast electron diffuse scattering
- 2021
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In: MRS bulletin. - : Springer Nature. - 0883-7694 .- 1938-1425. ; 46:8, s. 731-737
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Despite their fundamental role in determining many important properties of materials, detailed momentum-dependent information on the strength of electron–phonon and phonon–phonon coupling across the entire Brillouin zone has remained elusive. Ultrafast electron diffuse scattering (UEDS) is a recently developed technique that is making a significant contribution to these questions. Here, we describe both the UEDS methodology and the information content of ultrafast, photoinduced changes in phonon-diffuse scattering from single-crystal materials. We present results obtained from Ni, WSe2, and TiSe2, materials that are characterized by a complex interplay between electronic (charge, spin) and lattice degrees of freedom. We demonstrate the power of this technique by unraveling carrier–phonon and phonon–phonon interactions in both momentum and time and following nonequilibrium phonon dynamics in detail on ultrafast time scales. By combining ab initio calculations with ultrafast diffuse electron scattering, insights into electronic and magnetic dynamics that impact UEDS indirectly can also be obtained.
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| 10. |
- Ferrer, S., et al.
(author)
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In situ investigations of chemical reactions on surfaces by X-ray diffraction at atmospheric pressures
- 2007
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In: MRS Bulletin. - 1938-1425. ; 32:12, s. 1010-1014
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Catalytic reactions occurring at metal surfaces and nanoparticles have been an established research field for decades, yielding information on adsorption sites and reaction pathways under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions. Recent experimental developments have made it possible to perform well-controlled in situ surface x-ray diffraction measurements from single-crystal surfaces and nanoparticles under industrially relevant conditions. In this way, a new understanding of atomic-scale processes at surfaces and nanoparticles occurring during catalytic reactions under realistic conditions has been gained. In particular, the identification of the formation of thin oxides on model catalysts and their role in oxidation reactions demonstrates the importance of in situ probes under relevant conditions.
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