| 1. |
- Aybalikh, Ayghir, 1980
(author)
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Investigating effective competition in the Swedish freight market in the presence of network effects, using the case of road transport
- 2024
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In: Case Studies on Transport Policy. - 2213-624X .- 2213-6258. ; 16
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to investigate effective competition in the Swedish freight market in the presence of network effects, taking road transport as an example. This study used the extended version of Wandel's three-layered transport system model as its research framework, on which the construction of a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was built. Four variables were chosen, with their annual sample data drawn from Swedish official statistics: transport work to represent the integrated transport demand, length of transport infrastructure network to address the effect of infrastructure network on the integrated transport demand, energy consumption of Swedish registered trucks to address the effect of energy distribution network on the integrated transport demand, and public spending on investment and maintenance of infrastructure as a basis for investigating effective competition. We found positive effects of road infrastructure network and road energy distribution network on the integrated transport demand. Our result also shows that the public spending on investment and maintenance of infrastructure has a positive effect on the integrated transport demand through the length of infrastructure network. We argue that the Swedish road transport market is less effective when transport network effects are present, based on the definition of effective competition and our assumption. We discovered a gap in the economic literature between the concepts of effective competition and network effect within the context of freight transport, and we suggested a new category in effective competition to supplement performance, conduct, and structure categories; this new category should take into account the pre-existing conditions of network effect for existing competitors and newcomers, with its various features such as accessibility (i.e., network size), connectivity (i.e., network density), and network design and operation.
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| 2. |
- Bera Sharma, Reema, 1989, et al.
(author)
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Methodological approach to obtain key attributes affecting the adoption of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle
- 2024
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In: Case Studies on Transport Policy. - 2213-6258 .- 2213-624X. ; 16
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study demonstrates a methodological approach to prioritize a key set of attributes influencing consumer perception towards Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) in a typical Indian context. Based on the literature search, an exclusive set of 22 attributes influencing PHEV adoption were selected and conventional car owners' perception towards these attributes were collected from two Indian megacities, namely Delhi and Kolkata. Initially, Kruskal-Wallis H-test was used to investigate heterogeneity in consumer perception towards PHEV-related attributes across different population subgroups. The heterogeneity study revealed a significant difference in perception for several attributes across the two cities. Subsequently, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to identify a set of latent factors influencing PHEV choice for both cities. For ranking of attributes within each latent factor, Grey Relation Analysis (GRA), was employed. Based on the EFA and GRA results, purchase cost, safety, air conditioning, battery warranty, public charging availability, battery recharging time, and tailpipe emission are identified as key attributes affecting PHEV adoption. Such findings could guide the car manufacturers and the government to lay an added emphasis on the priority attributes to enhance the appeal of PHEV as a mode among Indian consumers.
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| 3. |
- Black, John, et al.
(author)
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Container Ports Post-Privatisation – Analysis of the Roles of the Public and Private Sectors at Port Botany, Sydney
- 2022
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In: Case Studies on Transport Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 2213-6258 .- 2213-624X. ; 10:2, s. 1438-1452
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The evidence base evaluating post-privatised commercial ports is virtually non-existent, especially with respect to sustainability and environmental performance. Despite acknowledged methodological limitations, a case study approach is adopted using Port Botany, Australia, as an example of a “privatised” port. In the post-privatisation period from 2013, we examine the respective roles of the public and private sectors in terms of legislation, policies and practice. How has NSW Ports responded to challenges of sustainability and environmental regulation within the port’s jurisdiction? to what extent have governments continued to be involved in planning and investment in the logistics chain to support the import and export of containers? and what are the relative costs to the private sector and the government to achieve more efficiency? The methodology involves material retrieved from websites, government and company reports, and discussions with key informants to verify the factual robustness of our findings. The findings show that the pre-privatisation environmental and regulatory framework has been effective, and that NSW Ports have been part of an Australian-wide ports initiative to implement best practice on climate change, and on economic, social and environmental sustainability countering claims in the literature that privatised ports put shareholder’s profits before the “greening” of ports. Despite Port Botany being privatised, Governments continue to enhance the efficiency of the logistical supply chain through policies and investment in transport access to the port via inland intermodal terminals.
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| 4. |
- Bondemark, Anders, 1989-, et al.
(author)
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Barriers to spurring innovation in Swedish transport infrastructure construction
- 2024
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In: Case Studies on Transport Policy. - : Elsevier. - 2213-624X .- 2213-6258. ; 15
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The construction industry is struggling with declining productivity. As Sweden’s largest public-sector purchaser of constructions services, the Swedish Transport Administration launched a programme aimed at increasing productivity. One important component of this programme was the introduction of design-build procurement to increase the leeway provided to contractors to identify innovative and efficient solutions. In this case study of the programme, which focuses on design-build contracts, we have conducted 27 interviews with Swedish Transport Administration project managers, contractors, and consultants to examine how successful the implementation of some of these measures has been and what hurdles they have encountered.
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| 5. |
- Brusselaers, Nicolas, et al.
(author)
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The effects of a water-bound construction consolidation centre on off-site transport performance: the case of the Brussels-Capital Region
- 2022
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In: Case Studies on Transport Policy. - : Elsevier. - 2213-624X .- 2213-6258. ; 10:4, s. 2092-2101
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: The environmental logistics impact is significant in urban areas, characterised by high receptor den- sities, less accessible sites and limited storage space. With the aim to reduce negative externalities generated by urban construction transport and improve the use of existing inland waterway transport (IWT) infrastructure, the City of Brussels has implemented a water-bound Construction Consolidation Centre ((BCCC). While the concept of a CCC has been implemented in different European cities, limited impact studies are available. This paper assesses the environmental off-site road and IWT’s transport performance of the multimodal BCCC case. Design/methodology/approach: The sustainability impact is evaluated using economic external cost calculations, contextualised with transport planning indicators. Subsequently, findings are compared to business-as-usual (BAU) operations without a CCC as part of a scenario evaluation, for the 24 large construction sites supplied through the CCC between Sep-2019 and Dec-2020.Findings: Improvements in the IWT sector are necessary to tackle local emissions (NOx, PM) which rise signifi- cantly compared to BAU (+257 %), mainly attributable to less performant -yet ubiquitous- vessel engines and their long running life. In contrast, other externalities decrease, most noticeably on congestion costs (-91 %), climate change (-66 %), noise (-79 %) and infrastructure costs (-60 %). Overall, €49,404.67 of external costs are saved annually, a 58.72 % reduction compared to BAU. Additionally, improvements are observed on transport planning and efficiency, with 73 % timely deliveries and 93.32 % delivery compliance, hence respecting the Just- In-Time and Just-In-Place principles.Research limitations/implications: Promising results are shown to incentivize industry and policy makers for adopting a CCC in light of alleviating the impact of urban construction logistics (CL), if the overall external costs and mobility impacts are considered. Results should be further compared to other logistic solutions to evaluate complementary measures, including more differentiated scenario evaluations.Practical implications: Although IWT alleviates road network use, air pollution from vessels should be addressed. An IWT-CCC can offer decision-makers a transport planning solution to decrease urban nuisances and increase resource efficiency use, if specific IWT-CCC and CL applicability requirements are considered. Originality/value: This paper adds knowledge to the sector’s impact mitigation potential using IWT-CCC, offering insights for decisional support and policy recommendations.
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| 6. |
- Eriksson, Linnea, et al.
(author)
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The role of middle actors in electrification of transport in Swedish rural areas
- 2022
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In: Case Studies on Transport Policy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2213-624X .- 2213-6258. ; 10:3, s. 1706-1714
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, we use the middle-out perspective to analyze the diffusion of electric cars and plug-in hybrids in Swedish rural areas and small towns. In Sweden, electrification of the transport system is a priority, particularly in car-dependent rural areas. However, the transition to electromobility mainly takes place in major urban areas. To understand the dynamics of the transition to electrified transport and identify how it may be facilitated, we identify top actors, bottom actors, and middle actors and analyze how middle actors exert influence. Our case study is based on in-depth interviews with civil servants who work with energy and transport issues in rural areas throughout Sweden and with representatives of energy companies and government agencies. We show that three middle actors are important: municipalities, local energy companies, and local car dealers. The municipalities and local energy companies mainly exert influence by knowledge diffusion and by contributing to projects such as charging infrastructure development. The car dealers are examples of middle actors who could play a central role by influencing consumers, but who currently often obstruct electric vehicle diffusion. We find that the support of top actors is very important for middle actors to be able to facilitate diffusion of electric cars and plug-in hybrids. Municipalities are in a unique position to use their knowledge, local networks, and sideways and upwards connections to strengthen the agency and capacity of citizens and small businesses (bottom actors). However, as small Swedish municipalities often have limited resources, long-term support from government agencies (top actors) is crucial. As middle actors are so important for the diffusion of electric vehicles, especially in the rural context where market forces are weaker than in the urban context, national policy for electrification of transport should support them.
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| 7. |
- Friman, Margareta, 1970-, et al.
(author)
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Collaborative capacity as an institutionalized practice for sustainable travel
- 2023
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In: Case Studies on Transport Policy. - : Elsevier. - 2213-624X .- 2213-6258. ; 11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Collaboration between different stakeholders is argued to increase the efficiency and quality of the transition to sustainable mobility by supporting the diffusion of knowledge and fostering innovation. In this paper, we examine the important role of collaborative capacity as an institutionalized practice in public transport by providing a 10-year collaborative academic and non-academic partnership case study from Sweden, including interviews with key non-academics. Three different collaboration working-forms are identified, exemplified, and discussed: joint efforts, parallel projects, and collaboration loops. It is shown that collaboration and research communication can be a very valuable asset that benefits all parties if it is done systematically and responsibly. However, if the translation from research to managerial implications does not materialize, the benefits of collaboration may get lost. Building upon Commitment-Trust theory, it is shown that even if dialogue between academics and non-academics may be exposed to pressure and challenged in different ways, if carried out responsibly it builds trust and respect for different knowledge horizons, problem formulations, time logics, and working methods. Over time goodwill trust may evolve. Although collaboration loops may be the most promising method to aim to develop collaborative capacity, general learnings are that small projects are equally important, especially if clustered, to provide benefits to both non-academic and academic partners. It is concluded that developing a collaborative capacity among both non-academic and academic partners can create new collaborative practices, increasing the possibility of contributing to difficult societal challenges, such as achieving a sustainable future.
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| 8. |
- Fu, Jiali, et al.
(author)
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Transport efficiency of off-peak urban goods deliveries : A Stockholm pilot study
- 2018
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In: Case Studies on Transport Policy. - : Elsevier. - 2213-624X .- 2213-6258. ; 6:1, s. 156-166
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is increasingly recognized that even cities with severe congestion during peak hours have available road capacity during nights, evenings and early mornings. Policies that shift urban goods deliveries from peak hours to off-peak hours have the potential to increase the efficiency of freight distribution, as well as to reduce negative external impacts. Between 2014 and 2016, the City of Stockholm ran a pilot project allowing inner city goods deliveries with heavy trucks at night. This paper evaluates the transport efficiency impacts of the Stockholm off-peak pilot. An evaluation framework is defined where transport efficiency is studied in a number of dimensions, including driving efficiency, delivery reliability, energy efficiency and service efficiency. For each dimension, performance indicators are introduced and evaluated. Vehicle GPS probe data, fleet management data, and logistic information are used to assess the impacts. The results suggest that shifting deliveries from daytime peak hours to night-time achieved better transport efficiency in driving efficiency, delivery reliability and energy efficiency. Meanwhile, there were no clear efficiency gains from moving deliveries from mid-day hours. For cities with varying congestion during daytime like Stockholm, the results suggest that night-time deliveries mainly increase the scheduling flexibility of carriers and recipients through the introduction of additional off-peak hours. The conclusions provide input to planners, decision-makers and local authorities to design and implement effective policy initiatives.
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| 9. |
- Gössling, Stefan, et al.
(author)
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Leisure travel distribution patterns of Germans : Insights for climate policy
- 2017
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In: Case Studies on Transport Policy. - : Elsevier. - 2213-624X .- 2213-6258. ; 5:4, s. 596-603
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Transport accounts for an estimated 23% of energy-related global CO2 emissions, a large share of this for leisure and tourism purposes. Despite national and sector-specific pledges to reduce global emissions of greenhouse gases, there are no consistent policies for the transport sector, which is characterized by continued strong growth. Against this background, this paper investigates holiday travel patterns of one of the most important tourism markets worldwide, Germany, based on data from annual travel surveys ('Reiseanalyse', with n= similar to 7500). Data on trip numbers, transport modes and travel distances are evaluated, indicating that emissions of greenhouse gases related to holiday travel (including trips lasting 5 days and longer) are significant at an average 320 kg CO2 per trip and person. Findings also show that the distribution of holiday travel emissions is highly skewed among the population and heavily depending on trip type. While about a quarter of the population does not participate in holiday travel at all, a small, highly mobile and wealthier share of travellers, 4% of the German population, engages in five or more holiday trips per year. These travellers are also more likely to participate in the most carbon-intense trips, long-haul flights and cruises, which generate 2 t CO2 and more per trip. Findings are discussed in the context of national climate policy.
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| 10. |
- Huang, Stella, 1979-
(author)
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Listening to users’ personal privacy concerns. The implication of trust andprivacy concerns on the user’s adoption of a MaaS-pilot
- 2022
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In: Case Studies on Transport Policy. - : Elsevier. - 2213-624X .- 2213-6258. ; 10:4, s. 2153-2164
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mobility as a Service (MaaS) refers to the concept of integrating new mobility services electronically, therebyenabling users to access various public and private transport services via a single digital platform. Through MaaS,service providers aim at developing an integrated service that caters to various demands by mobility users.Personal data such as travel behavior is key in this context, because it allows the development, customization,and personalization of mobility services. Hence, for MaaS to become successful, service providers need to collectusers’ personal information, and users need to accept data collection. In turn, privacy concerns represent apotential hurdle for the success of MaaS. Therefore, understanding privacy concerns from the users’ side can helpMaaS providers to increase the users’ willingness to share their information. This study aims to add on to earlierresearch findings on privacy concerns by shedding light on new dimensions emerging from the MaaS service.Understanding privacy concerns from the users’ side is key in that regard, as it may enable improved service andsystem development. A sequential mixed-methods approach is used to collect, analyze, and “mix” both quanti-tative and qualitative research methods. The primary findings are as follows: (1) Privacy concerns specific to themobility data collection context exist; (2) users are not necessarily personally worried about their privacy eventhough they claim privacy is an issue; (3) in contrast to traditional privacy thinking, users’ trust in mobilityservice providers may override their privacy concerns. The study’s results indicate trust is the key to MaaSadoption. Policy recommendations are explored in the end.
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