| 1. |
- Ait Ali, Abderrahman, 1991-, et al.
(author)
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European Railway Deregulation : An overview of market organization and capacity allocation
- 2022
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In: Transportmetrica A. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2324-9935 .- 2324-9943. ; 18:3, s. 594-618
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Railway markets in Europe have been reorganized to allow competition between different operators. Thus, European railways have been vertically separated, separating infrastructure management from provisions of train services. This allows several train operators to compete for passengers and freight services. Different ways have emerged for vertical separation, capacity allocation and track access charges. This paper reviews, compares and discusses important deregulation aspects, using examples from a number of European countries to show different possible solutions. The study describes how competition has been introduced and regulated, with a particular focus on describing the different ways capacity is allocated and how conflicting requests by different train operators are resolved. It also reviews the related issue of how access charges are constructed and applied. Although guided by the same European legislation, we conclude that the studied railways have different deregulation outcomes, e.g., market organization, capacity allocation. Besides, few countries have so far managed to create efficient and transparent processes for allocating capacity between competing train operators. Although allowed by the legislation, market-based allocation is absent or never used. In order to foster more competition which can yield substantial social benefits, the survey indicates that most European railways still need to develop and experiment with more efficient and transparent capacity allocation procedures.
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| 2. |
- Berggren, Ulrik, et al.
(author)
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Public transport path choice estimation based on trip data from dedicated smartphone app survey
- 2022
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In: Transportmetrica A: Transport Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2324-9935 .- 2324-9943. ; 18:3, s. 1813-1846
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Having access to realistic and empirically grounded passenger valuations of public transport trip components facilitate the undertaking of necessary trade-offs during planning of transport networks. Discrete choice estimation of path choice preferences is a practical way to obtain such preferences. This paper proposes a new take on the empirical foundation of path choice estimation based on revealed choices by introducing trip data for full activity-based ‘door-to-door’ public transport trips collected from a dedicated survey application for smartphones. Choice probabilities were modelled based on an explicitly generated choice set, where the public transport trip parts were generated using a branch-and-bound approach. Results in terms of estimated preferences are comparable to those based on conventional surveying methods and suggest significant premiums for paths involving public transport stops with an elevated level of passenger service as well as differences in preferences across population groups.
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| 3. |
- Daunfeldt, Sven-Olov, et al.
(author)
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Congestion charges in Stockholm : how have they affected retail revenues?
- 2013
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In: Transportmetrica A. - Hong Kong : Taylor and Francis. - 2324-9935 .- 2324-9943. ; 9:3, s. 259-268
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Did the introduction of congestion charges in Stockholm city reduce retail revenues? Data from 20 shopping malls - 8 within the toll area, and 12 outside the tool area - and from a sample of retail stores located along the main shopping streets was analyzed using an intervention-control approach. Favorable outcomes, such as reduced traffic, less emissions of carbon-dioxide, and perceived improvements in air quality and accessibility, do not seem to have been offset by reduced revenues for retailers located within the toll area.
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| 4. |
- Ekström, Joakim, et al.
(author)
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Solving a Mixed Integer Linear Program Approximation of the Toll Design Problem Using Constraint Generation within a Branch and Cut Algorithm
- 2014
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In: Transportmetrica A. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 2324-9935 .- 2324-9943. ; 10:9, s. 791-819
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper addresses the global optimality of the toll design problem (TDP) by a mixed integer linear program (MILP) approximation. In the TDP, the objective is to maximize the social surplus by adjusting toll locations and levels in a road traffic network. The resulting optimization problem can be formulated as a mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC).A MILP is obtained by piecewise linear approximation of the non-linear functions in the TDP, and we present a domain reduction scheme to reduce the error introduced by these approximations. Previous approaches for solving the MILP approximation have been relying on a large number of MILPs to be solved iteratively within a cutting constraint algorithm (CCA). This paper instead focuses on the development of a solution algorithm for solving the MILP approximation in which the CCA is integrated within a branch and cut algorithm, which only requires one MILP to be solved.
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| 5. |
- Gavriilidou, A., et al.
(author)
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Reconciling transfer synchronization and service regularity : real-time control strategies using passenger data
- 2019
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In: Transportmetrica A. - : Taylor and Francis Ltd.. - 2324-9935 .- 2324-9943. ; 15:2, s. 215-243
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Real-time holding control strategies are implemented, among other reasons, in order to protect transfers. In the context of high-frequency services, there is a need to reconcile between striving for single-line regularity and synchronizing inter-line arrivals. Their operationalization depends on the predictions regarding passenger flows across the network. We examine the influence of real-time passenger data on the performance of transfer synchronization control. To this end, we develop two real-time transfer synchronization controllers which make use of different passenger data sources. The controllers differ in their assumptions concerning capacity constraints as well as on-board crowding conditions. The results show that each transferring passenger saves on average 2–10 min thanks to the proposed strategy, while on-board passengers experience a delay of 1–2 min each in most cases. The highest time saving per transferring passenger is obtained when the demand level is low and the controller opts for synchronizing more frequently. Highlights Rule-based holding controller selects transfer synchronization or line regularity The impact of different passenger data on controller performance is investigated On-board crowding conditions are considered by the real-time controller On-board occupancy is the most valuable real-time passenger data source.
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| 6. |
- Grumert, Ellen, 1983-, et al.
(author)
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Bottleneck mitigation through a variable speed limit system using connected vehicles
- 2020
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In: Transportmetrica A. - : Taylor and Francis Ltd.. - 2324-9935 .- 2324-9943. ; 16:2, s. 213-233
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Variable speed limit (VSL) systems are used to improve the traffic conditions by adjusting the speed limits based on the current traffic situation. Advances in vehicle technology have made it possible to use connected vehicles in VSL systems. Connected vehicles can continuously transmit information about their speed and location, which can be used to estimate the current traffic conditions at arbitrary locations. In this study, we propose a VSL system based on connected vehicles. The aim is to also allow application of VSLs for non-recurrent bottleneck mitigation at arbitrary locations, unlike today's systems which require densely placed detectors or are limited to beforehand known bottleneck locations. The proposed system is evaluated by microscopic traffic simulation. The results indicate that the VSL system manage to improve traffic efficiency in a simulated incident scenario.
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| 7. |
- Jenelius, Erik, et al.
(author)
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The value of new public transport links for network robustness and redundancy
- 2015
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In: Transportmetrica A. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2324-9935 .- 2324-9943. ; 11:9, s. 819-835
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A common argument for introducing new links or services to transport networks is that they will contribute to greater capability to withstand system breakdowns. This paper presents a methodology for assessing the value of new links for public transport network robustness, considering disruptions of other lines and links as well as the new links themselves. The value is evaluated in terms of passenger welfare under disruptions and can be compared to traditional welfare benefits and investment costs. Distinction is made between the value of robustness, defined as the change in welfare during disruption compared to the baseline network, and the value of redundancy, defined as the change in welfare losses due to disruption. The paper introduces the total values of robustness and redundancy by considering a full space of scenarios and their respective frequencies. Using a model that considers passengers' dynamic travel choices, stochastic traffic conditions, timetables and capacity constraints, results are more nuanced than analyses based only on network topology and other static attributes. A new cross-radial light rail transit line in Stockholm, Sweden, is evaluated. The new link increases welfare levels under all scenarios and has a positive value of robustness. However, disruption costs increase under some scenarios and the value of redundancy is negative. In general, the value of redundancy depends on the new link's role as complement or substitute and passengers' ability to utilise spare capacity during short-term unexpected disruptions.
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| 8. |
- Kebede Reda, Abel, et al.
(author)
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Temporal stability of shipment size decisions related to choice of truck type
- 2024
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In: Transportmetrica A: Transport Science. - 2324-9935 .- 2324-9943. ; 20
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The choice of shipment size is a vital decision in logistics and has a strong indirect influence on freight transport demand, via the choice of mode and truck type choice. Through time, shipment sizes can change as a result of new decisions in the logistics process or due to conditions external to the supply chain. This study investigates the temporal stability of shipment size choices, relating these to the choice of truck types. It uses repeated cross-sectional data for the years 2015, 2017, and 2019 collected from cordon and business establishment surveys in Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia. The integrated choice and latent variables (ICLV) and latent growth (LG) models were used to assess the time-dependent patterns of choosing shipment sizes, both at the level of the entire freight system as well as the specific truck types. The model results reveal that shipment size decisions are temporally unstable where, in our case, shipment sizes exhibited a declining trend.
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| 9. |
- Liu, Chengxi, et al.
(author)
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Jointly modelling individual’s daily activity-travel time use and mode share by a nested multivariate Tobit model system
- 2017
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In: Transportmetrica A. - : Taylor and Francis Ltd.. - 2324-9935 .- 2324-9943. ; , s. 1-28
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study, a nested multivariate Tobit model is proposed to model activity and travel time use jointly. This proposed model can handle: (1) The corner solution problem; (2) time allocation trade-offs among different types of activities; and (3) travel being treated as a derived demand of activity participation. The model is applied to the Swedish national travel survey (NTS). Evidence of the potential positive utility of travel time added on non-work activity time allocation in the Swedish case is also found. The proposed model is compared to an MDCEV model specification. The results show clear differences in marginal effect estimates. In terms of prediction, the nested multivariate Tobit model shows a slightly worse performance on the hit rate measure than the MDCEV model combined with a stochastic frontier model, but shows a slightly better performance on the SMAPE measure.
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