| 1. |
- Ahn, Namhyuck, et al.
(author)
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Circular economy in mass timber construction : State-of-the-art, gaps and pressing research needs
- 2022
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In: Journal of Building Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 2352-7102. ; 53
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The building and construction sector is a major contributor to human environmental impact on the planet. It follows that the sector's contribution is also crucial for transition towards a low carbon society and circular economy (CE). Mass timber products, are one of the sustainable alternatives to traditional building materials and have led to the recent revolution in timber construction. While environmental benefits of mas timber manufacturing and construction is well documented the end-of-life (EOL) and the post-EOL options for mass timber buildings, their environmental benefits and CE potential are discussed much less. Short history of construction technology involving prefabricated mass timber panels compared to traditional building types results in virtually no documented cases of panelized mass timber structures reaching the EOL stage and no practical examples of incorporating CE concepts in such projects. In this study, a two-step systematic literature review was used, to define and classify 23 CE-based governing principles from six categories in the construction industry, and to use those principles to analyze the state-of-the-art circular approach in mass timber research. The study covered a total of 90 papers, of which 68 focused on the general construction industry and 22 specifically on the mass timber construction. Results of this review suggest substantial gaps in knowledge and pressing research needs for the development of holistic approaches to prepare the mass timber construction for circular economy.
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| 2. |
- Almusaed, Amjad, 1967-, et al.
(author)
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Analytical interpretation of energy efficiency concepts in the housing design process from hot climate
- 2019
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In: Journal of Building Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 2352-7102. ; 21, s. 254-266
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The classical understanding of an architectural product shows architecture as a series of complex activities, which aims to create an optimal material framework with well-organized functional spaces that can meet the material and human spiritual requirements. The vision of a multifaceted architecture shows that it is necessary to design and work cooperatively with an architectural theory to transform the lateral conceptual viewer of the multilateral design process. The effort has to focus on ensuring the active collaboration of sciences and techniques with the creative building design process. The real stages of house design theory still insufficiently incorporate natural phenomena such as thermography, climatology, aerodynamics, and thermodynamics in the building design approach. The primary target of this research is to define an efficient method of building design in which essential aspects are considered during the first phase of design ideas. The study concluded that using a classical design model is respectable. However, it can bring many mistakes in the confirmation of a holistic design assignment related to energy, thermal comfort, and economic factors that represents an essential tool for architectural creation products where the innovative model proceeds with all design elements, activities and space roles which can reunify in the interpretation of functional spaces by creating an interspace with a consistency habitat environment.
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| 3. |
- Aloisio, Angelo, et al.
(author)
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Vibration issues in timber structures : A state-of-the-art review
- 2023
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In: Journal of Building Engineering. - 2352-7102. ; 76
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The increasing use of timber structures worldwide has brought attention to the challenges posed by their lightweight nature, making them more prone to vibrations than more massive structures. Consequently, significant research efforts have been dedicated to understanding and mitigating vibrations in timber structures, while scientific committees strive to establish suitable design regulations. This study aims to classify and identify the main research themes related to timber structure vibrations and highlight future research needs and directions. A bibliometric-based selection process briefly introduces each research topic, presenting the latest findings and proposals for vibration design in timber structures. The paper emphasizes the key outcomes and significant contributions to understanding and addressing vibration issues in timber structures. These findings serve as valuable guidance for researchers, designers, and regulatory bodies involved in designing and assessing timber structures subjected to vibrations.
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| 4. |
- Alyaseen, Ahmad, et al.
(author)
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High-performance self-compacting concrete with recycled coarse aggregate : Soft-computing analysis of compressive strength
- 2023
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In: Journal of Building Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-7102. ; 77
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The growth of cities and industrialization has led to an increase in demand for concrete, resulting in resource depletion and environmental issues. Sustainable alternatives such as using recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and industrial waste have been proposed to meet construction material demands while adhering to building codes and promoting sustainability. However, compressive strength (CS) is a crucial property of concrete, and the design parameters have different effects on CS for various grades. Recently, researchers have focused on partially replacing natural coarse aggregate (NCA) with RCA in concrete to achieve sustainability goals. This study aims to examine the influence of design parameters (w/c: water-cement ratio, w/b: water-binder ratio, A/c: total aggregate-cement ratio, FA/CA: fine-coarse aggregate ratio, SP: superplasticizer, w/s: water-solid ratio and RCA%) on concrete CS and address controversies in the insights gained from pairwise comparisons using Pearson's correlation coefficient (PCC) analysis. Additionally, five techniques (M5P, RF, SVM, LR, and ANNs) were used to predict the CS of high-performance self-compacting concrete (HP-SCC) with RCA, and the results were compared with an ANNs-based model as was the commonly used one in literature. The approaches were assessed based on their accuracy measured using correlation coefficient (CC), mean absolute error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), Scatter index (SI), and comprehensive measure (COM) indicators. Accordingly, the analysis indicated that SVM-PUK-based model is the most appropriate and effective technique to predict the CS of HP-SCC for the given datasets, with CC = 0.894, 0.900, MAE = 1.721, 3.813, RMSE = 5.137, 6.306, and MAPE = 4.5%, 7.6% for the training and testing stages, respectively. The uncertainty analysis results were 21%, 20.7%, 19%, 22%, and 19% for M5P, RF, SVM, LR, and ANN-based models, respectively, whereby all of them were under threshold of 35%. Moreover, according to sensitivity analysis, w/c, w/b, and w/s variables influences the most on CS prediction, while the RCA(%) variable has the least impact.
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| 5. |
- Bayat Pour, Mohsen, et al.
(author)
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Impact of extruded mortar joints on the hygrothermal performance of brick veneer walls : A probabilistic study
- 2024
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In: Journal of Building Engineering. - 2352-7102. ; 94
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mortar extrusion during bricklaying, resulting from suboptimal workmanship, may act as a bridge linking clay brick masonry claddings and adjacent layers (e.g., insulation or weather-resistant barriers), thereby, facilitating water penetration into the adjacent layer owing to wind-driven rain (WDR). Despite the significant effect of water penetration on the hygrothermal performance of building envelopes, a consensus regarding the incorporation of WDR-induced water penetration into moisture safety designs and analyses remains lacking. In 2022, Kahangi Shahreza et al. tested two distinct brick types with three diverse mortar joint profiles. Consequently, they proposed a water penetration criterion that can be implemented in hygrothermal analysis of clay brick masonry. The research in this paper combines the results of their study with probabilistic hygrothermal analysis by investigating the influence of extruded mortar on mould growth for a timber frame wall with brick masonry cladding. Two water penetration criteria, including ASHRAE and experimental study (ES) based on Kahangi Shahreza's study, were implemented while considering the different climatic conditions in Sweden. A metamodel, established using the random forests (RF) machine learning algorithm, serves as a tool for mould sensitivity analysis. The results of the probabilistic mould growth analysis revealed a congruence between the ASHRAE and ES criteria for locations with high WDR loads. However, in scenarios involving low WDR loads, the ASHRAE criterion yielded a higher maximum mould index than the ES criterion. In addition, the linear and non-linear mould sensitivity analyses demonstrated a positive correlation between the increase in the extruded mortar depth and elevated maximum mould indices. Nevertheless, the strength of this correlation is subject to alterations based on the WDR loads and selected water penetration criteria.
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| 6. |
- Bedon, Chiara, et al.
(author)
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Structural characterisation of adaptive facades in Europe – Part I : Insight on classification rules, performance metrics and design methods
- 2019
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In: Journal of Building Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-7102. ; 25
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Adaptive facades are increasingly used in modern buildings, where they can take the form of complex systems and manifest their adaptivity in several ways. Adaptive envelopes must meet the requirements defined by structural considerations, which include structural safety, serviceability, durability, robustness and fire safety. For these novel skins, based on innovative design solutions, experimentation at the component and / or assembly level is required to prove that these requirements are fulfilled. The definition of appropriate metrics is hence also recommended. A more complex combination of material-related, kinematic, geometrical and mechanical aspects should in fact be properly taken into account, compared to traditional, static facades. Accordingly, specific experimental methods and regulations are required for these novel skins. As an outcome of the European COST Action TU1403 ‘Adaptive facades network’ - ‘Structural’ Task Group, this paper collects some recent examples and design concepts of adaptive systems, specifically including a new classification proposal and the definition of some possible metrics for their structural performance assessment. The aim is to provide a robust background and detailed state-of-the-art information for these novel structural systems, towards the development of standardised and reliable procedures for their mechanical and thermo-physical characterisation.
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| 7. |
- Bedon, Chiara, et al.
(author)
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Structural characterisation of adaptive facades in Europe - Part II : Validity of conventional experimental testing methods and key issues
- 2019
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In: Journal of Building Engineering. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2352-7102. ; 25
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Given their intrinsic features, adaptive facades are required to satisfy rigid structural performances, in addition to typical insulation, thermal and energy requirements. These include a minimum of safety and serviceability levels under ordinary design loads, durability, robustness, fire resistance, capacity to sustain severe seismic events or other natural hazards, etc. The overall design process of adaptive facades may include further challenges and uncertainties especially in the case of complex assemblies, where multiple combinations of material-related phenomena, kinematic effects, geometrical and mechanical characteristics could take place. In this context, experimental testing at the component and/or at the full-scale assembly level has a fundamental role, to prove that all the expected performance parameters are properly fulfilled. Several standards and guideline documents are available in the literature, and provide recommendations and procedures in support of conventional testing approaches for the certification and performance assessment of facades. These documents, however, are specifically focused on ordinary, static envelopes, and no provisions are given for the experimental testing of dynamic, adaptive skins. In this regard, it is hence expected that a minimum of conventional experimental procedures may be directly extended from static to dynamic facades. However, the validity of standardized procedures for adaptive skins is still an open issue. Novel and specific experimental approaches are then necessarily required, to assess the structural characteristics of adaptive facades, depending on their properties and on the design detailing. In this paper, existing fundamental standards for testing traditional facades are first recalled and commented. Special care is spent for the validity and reliability of conventional testing methods for innovative, adaptive envelopes, including a discussion on selected experimental methods for facade components and systems. Non-conventional testing procedures which may be useful for adaptive skins are then also discussed in the paper, as resulting from the research efforts of the European COST Action TU1403 ‘Adaptive facades network’ - ‘Structural’ Task Group.
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| 8. |
- Berglund, Daniel, et al.
(author)
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Comparative life-cycle assessment for renovation methods of waste water sewerage systems for apartment buildings
- 2018
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In: Journal of Building Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 2352-7102. ; 19, s. 98-108
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This comparative life-cycle assessment highlights three main alternatives for renovation of waste water sewerage: pipe replacement, cured- in- place pipe (CIPP) lining (also called sliplining) and renovation by coatings. The functional unit of this study is a six-story block house that was built in 1960 and has 29 apartments. The characterized results of environmental impacts display an advantage for CIPP-lining over pipe replacement in 14 of the 18 studied impact categories. Regarding those categories in which impacts were comparatively large, when looking at the average impact from a European citizen according to the ReCiPe methodology for life cycle inventory list, pipe replacement has greater impacts than CIPP-lining. In general, the impacts of pipe replacement are related to new tiles, expanded polyester cement, the screed, and the material for waterproofing, as well as the electricity needed for drying the structure. The CIPP-lining method displays higher impacts than pipe replacement in just four categories. These impacts are, to a large extent, caused by the use of consumables such as gloves and cotton cloths. From an LCA-perspective, the study shows that the CIPP and coatings relining methods have advantages over pipe replacement under the condition that the technical lifetime is the same for these methods. Still, the uncertainty of service life, as well as Bisphenol A (BPA) emissions, remain as issues of concern for further study. There are also other differences among the alternatives that ultimately influence a property owner's choice of method, such as costs, inconvenience for the residents, renewal of bathroom interiors, and the way in which the property owner values the alternative technologies.
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| 9. |
- Bournas, Iason, et al.
(author)
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Energy renovation of an office building using a holistic design approach
- 2016
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In: Journal of Building Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-7102. ; 7:September 2016, s. 194-206
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents a holistic approach to perform energy renovations of office buildings. A real case study is used to demonstrate how different software can be used to facilitate the work of architects and engineers during different design stages. Initially, the moisture safety of the building is coupled to its energy performance to define the optimum insulation level. The new interior layout is based on an initial daylight study, rather than on architectural intuition. On a second stage, shading and natural ventilation are studied to eradicate any cooling demand, while the interdependence between heating energy and daylight is assessed for the use of light-wells. To demonstrate the trade-offs between visual control and electrical lighting, different shading systems are examined for a cellular office. Finally, two alternate HVAC systems are analyzed to investigate whether passive standards can be achieved with an all-air system and/or a hydronic system.
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| 10. |
- Cehlin, Mathias, Doktor, 1974-, et al.
(author)
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Comparing thermal comfort and air quality performance of two active chilled beam systems in an open-plan office
- 2019
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In: Journal of Building Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 2352-7102. ; 22, s. 56-65
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The traditional air distribution and supply devices in ventilated rooms are not always able to effectively remove excess heat from the space. Therefore, chilled beams, especially the active systems, are used to achieve the desired cooling demand. The focus of this paper was the potential benefit of a newly designed active chilled beam (ACB) system, to improve heat removal effectiveness local thermal condition and indoor air quality in the occupants’ breathing zone. The system based on 1-way flow design (1W-ACB) was installed in an open-plan office and its performance was studied by analysing the temperatures, velocities and tracer gas concentrations in predetermined risky zones. The system was compared against a traditional 4-way flow design (4W-ACB).The obtained results showed that heat removal effectiveness was slightly higher for the 1W-ACB system compared to the 4W-ACB system. The local thermal condition was very good close to the workstations when using 1W-ACB. The benefits of the new system were also shown in the occupied zone by analysing the mean age of air and air-change effectiveness (ACE) in the breathing level at the workstation locations. The 1W-ACB system provided air with lower mean age (fresher air), and therefore higher ACE, near the breathing zone at the workstations compared to the 4W-ACB. On the other hand, the 4W-ACB system had the advantage of providing high thermal and mean age of air uniformity throughout the room.
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