| 1. |
- Christidis, Nikolaos, et al.
(author)
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Swedish dental students’ clinical notes and reflections as part of a case-based examination – challenges for undergraduate education
- 2023
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In: Medical Research Archives. - : European Society of Medicine. - 2375-1916 .- 2375-1924. ; 11:10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Clinical records are the basis for clinical reasoning, diagnostics, treatment planning, and management as well as for management of the patient and the outcome of the treatment, and therefore an important aspect of health professionals’ work. Several articles emphasize the importance of adequate and correct content in these records. Previous research shows that even health professionals need to improve the content and structure of their clinical records, for them to give the information needed for various needs. The focus of this article are the clinical records of undergraduate dental students. The aim of the study was to explore patterns of adequate and inadequate content in clinical notes of undergraduate dental students in their final year of education. Secondly, whether these results could provide insights for development of health professions education.Data comprised of 33 cased-based examinations collected during January 2020 at the University Dental Clinic, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, in Huddinge Sweden. Also, data included teachers’ assessment of these examinations. The texts were analyzed with thematic analysis.Analytical results showed three themes. The first theme, (i) Professional content knowledge, concerned information in patient history, status, diagnostics and treatment plan, and an information ambiguity. The theme also included the students' use of professional terminology and the choice of articles to support reflections. The second theme (ii) incomplete method of investigation involved the actual patient interview, but also students’ various misunderstandings of the template. The third theme was (iii) Academic formalities. This theme concerned students' understanding of the purpose of referencing and its function, but also a non-use of references, the use of irrelevant references, errors in the given citation style, and an incorrect structure of the text according to the template. In conclusion, results showed the need for continuous training in clinical note-taking and reflections during dental students' professional education. In this training, teachers’ assessment is important for students' development of professional literacy and professional judgment. Also, a continuous reminder of science and proven experience as the basis for the profession which is also made visible through academic formalities.
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| 2. |
- Davidsson, Sabina, 1972-, et al.
(author)
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The presence of PD-L1 in men with localized prostate cancer
- 2017
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In: Medical research archives. - Walnut CA, USA : KEI Journals. - 2375-1916 .- 2375-1924. ; 4:8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Recent therapeutic strategies for different cancer types have focused on targeting immune check-points, such as programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1. However, it was recently reported that men with castration-resistant prostate cancer did not respond to PD-1 blockade as monotherapy. The unresponsiveness could potentially be explained by low expression of PD-L1 on prostate tumor cells. This study investigated the expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in men with primary prostate cancer.Material and Methods: Immunohistochemical analysis of PD-L1 expression was performed in a cohort of men undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate and diagnosed with prostate cancer. The expression was evaluated in tissue microarrays from 522 patients with at least 25 years of follow-up.Results: Only four of the 522 evaluated cases were positive for PD-L1, positivity on tumor cells were found in three of the cases, of which one case also had positivity on TILs, while a fourth case only had positivity on TILs.Conclusion: Our data suggest that treatments targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction may not be successful as monotherapy in patients diagnosed with localized prostate cancer due to low expression of PD-L1.
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| 3. |
- Fälth, Linda, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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Intervention Targeting Reading and Working Memory among Struggling Readers in Primary School
- 2021
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In: Medical Research Archives. - Walnut : European Society of Medicine, KEI Journals. - 2375-1916 .- 2375-1924. ; 9:11, s. 1-16
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Working memory is one of our core cognitive functions. It allows us to keep information in mind for shorter periods of time, allowing us to process and work with that specific information. In this randomized control trial, the effects of a training program that combines reading training and working memory training among struggling readers aged 8-9 were investigated. 30 pupils were included in the intervention group and 17 were assigned to the control group. The intervention group received a total of 60 training sessions divided into two eight-week training periods with a four-week pause in between. The results show that children in the intervention group improved significantly better than children in the control group on eight tests: Reading comprehension, Worddecoding, Nonsense-word reading, Short-term memory, Working memory, Visuospatial short-term memory, Visuospatial working memory, and Working memory for words. The effect was not confirmed for Sight word seeing.
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| 4. |
- Handlin, Linda, 1981-, et al.
(author)
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Promoting health of Swedish workers by complementary methods : example of a study design of a longitudinal randomized controlled intervention study
- 2017
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In: Medical Research Archives. - USA : KEI Journals. - 2375-1916 .- 2375-1924. ; 5:8, s. 1-13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: When designing, implementing, and evaluating a work site health promotion program, it is necessary to ensure that the program is evidence based. The present article aims to present in-depth information on the design of a longitudinal randomized controlled complementary intervention pilot study that follows the Consort recommendations to evaluate possible effects of a health promotive intervention in healthy workers.Methods: Employees from four different workplaces were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: i) Massage and mental training (sitting in the armchair and receiving mechanical massage while listening to mental training programs, n=19), ii) Massage (sitting in the armchair and receiving mechanical massage only, n=19), iii) Mental training (sitting in the armchair and listening to mental training programs only, n=19), iv) Pause (sitting in the armchair but not receiving mechanical massage or listening to mental training programs, n=19), v) Control (not sitting in the armchair at all, n=17). The study lasted for eight weeks. Immediately before the randomization, after four weeks and after eight weeks the participants responded to statements from the Swedish Scale of Personality and had their heart rate, blood pressure and fingertip temperature measured.Results: Receiving mechanical massage and listening to mental training programs, either separately or in combination, during working hours had some positive effects on the employees’ own evaluation of their health, as well as their heart rate, blood pressure and fingertip temperature. However, the intervention need to be evaluated further.Conclusion: The approach described makes it possible to design, implement and evaluate a work site health promotion program, also on pilot-study level and these results should be seen as a first step towards larger randomized studies. This types of studies need to focus on healthy participants and special care should be taken to guarantee adequately powered study groups and their homogeneity.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Todd, Carl, et al.
(author)
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Validation of spinal sagittal alignment with plain radiographs and the Debrunner Kyphometer
- 2015
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In: Medical research archives. - : Knowledge Enterprise Journals. - 2375-1916 .- 2375-1924. ; 2:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Validation of the Debrunner Kyphometer as a clinical non-radiological method for investigating spinal sagittal alignment was compared with standing lateral radiographs. The sample group (n=102) consisted of elite Alpine skiers (n=75) and a non-athletic population (n=27), mean age 17.7 (±1.4) years. Non-radiological and radiological measurements of the spinal sagittal kyphosis and lordosis range of motion were carried out in the erect standing position. Thoracic kyphosis measurements comparing the Debrunner Kyphometer with a radiological standard, showed a good level of agreement and a statistical significance (ICC 0.67, 95% CI: 0.26 to 0.83, p<0.001). Lumbar lordosis measurements showed poor levels of agreement in spite of being statistically significant (ICC 0.33, 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.50, p=0.001). There was no significant difference reported in the spinal alignment between skiers and controls using both radiological and non-radiological methods. Therefore, we conclude that due to the large variation in ranges between both methods, there is a limited value in using the Debrunner Kyphometer as a non-invasive method for the evaluation of spinal sagittal alignment.
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| 7. |
- Brands Viktorsdóttir, Margrét, et al.
(author)
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Complications according to underlying disease in children undergoing video-assisted gastrostomy
- 2017
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In: Medical Research Archives. - 2375-1916. ; 5:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify short-term complications after video-assisted gastrostomy in children and to examine the association between complications and underlying disease.Methods: This was a retrospective study at a single institution. Data for all children who underwent video-assisted gastrostomy during 12 years was collected. Complications occurring within three months postoperatively were analyzed.Results: Among 421 children undergoing video-assisted gastrostomy, 402 were included in the study. The median age at surgery was two years (range one month-14 years). The most common underlying disorder was neurological disease (49%). There were two major postoperative complications and 78% had minor complications. Minor complications included granulation tissue (43%), leakage (16%), wound infection (14%), vomiting, dislodgement and pain. There was no significant difference in frequency of the various complications when compared between the underlying diseases (p=0.10-0.82). Wound infection was registered in overall 14% and occurred least frequently in children with neurologic disease and syndromes (10% and 9% respectively).Conclusion: Serious complications after video-assisted gastrostomy are rare, while minor complications occur in 78% of the children. There is no association between the frequency of complications and underlying disease according to this study.
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| 8. |
- Cöster, Maria, et al.
(author)
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Baseline and 1-Year Follow-Up Data of Patients with End-Stage Hallux Rigidus Treated with an Arthrodesis Reported to Swefoot
- 2023
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In: Medical Research Archives. - 2375-1916. ; 11:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Hallux rigidus (HR) affects the first metatarsophalangeal joint and is the most common osteoarthritic condition in the foot. The most used surgical treatment for severe cases of HR is an arthrodesis. The aim of this study is to describe patient characteristics, surgical treatment and the patient-reported outcomes for patients treated with arthrodesis for HR using data from Swefoot, the Swedish quality register for foot and ankle surgery.Methods: From Swefoot we extracted data on patients who underwent surgery for HR between January 2014 and December 2019. We included 419 patients with end-stage HR, who had not previously been treated surgically for HR on the same side.The outcome was measured with the Self-reported Foot and Ankle Score (SEFAS) (summary score 0-48) and EuroQol 5 Dimensions (EQ5D) (index 0-1) together with questions regarding appearance, shoe wear and satisfaction. We extracted surgical and patient-reported data preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively.Results: Our patient-population is predominantly female, around 61 years old, and slightly overweight. The arthrodeses are most often fixated with screws and most of the patients are allowed to bear weight immediately after surgery. The mean SEFAS score is 22 preoperatively and 38 postoperatively, the corresponding values for EQ5D index are 0.56 and 0.81 which means that the health-related quality of life (HrQoL) improves significantly after surgery.Conclusion: Patients with severe HR treated with an arthrodesis have reduced pain, improved function and HrQoL according to the patient-reported outcome measures SEFAS and EQ5D. The mean postoperative SEFAS value was close to the mean SEFAS value of the Swedish general population in the same age category. Fixation techniques and postoperative regimen differ among surgeons in the country. This is the first report from Swefoot regarding this patient population.
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| 9. |
- Rezanezhad, Babak, et al.
(author)
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Testosterone Level and Risk of Diabetes: Follow-Up Study
- 2023
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In: Medical Research Archives. - 2375-1916. ; 11:9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Epidemiological studies have documented an inverse relationship between testosterone levels and risk of cardiovascular disease. The present study aimed to explore the association between testosterone levels and risk of developing diabetes mellitus from 108 middle-aged men with no history of medical diseases.Methods: Data regarding the age of subjects, smoking, alcohol consumption, waist-to-hip ratio, and family history of cardiovascular disease were collected at the time of inclusion. Testosterone levels were also measured. 15 years later the medical history of the men was reviewed to record the development of medical incidents with references to diabetes mellitus. Two groups of men were identified based on testosterone levels: hypogonadal (testosterone ≤12 nmol/L) and eugonadal (testosterone >12 nmol/L).Results: In total, 10 (9.0%) out of 108 men developed diabetes during the 15-year follow-up period, of whom 6 (16%) out of 37 and 4 (6%) out of 71 were men in the hypogonadal and eugonadal cohorts respectively (p=0.08). Using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, the adjusted risk for diabetes was significantly lower in eugonadal men compared to hypogonadal men (adjusted hazard ratio=0.236; 95% CI=0.062–0.898; P=0.03).Conclusion: Our results showed a significant increased risk of diabetes in men with low testosterone levels compared to men with normal testosterone.
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