| 1. |
- Fredman, Peter, 1965-, et al.
(author)
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Nature-based tourism in a Nordic context
- 2021
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In: Nature-based Tourism. - Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 978 1 78990 402 4 ; , s. 2-15
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this chapter, we describe the Nordic region as a tourist destination primarily illustrated with examples from Norway, Sweden and Finland. The east–west and north–south gradients of these countries capture many of the special features of nature-based tourism in the Nordic region. In the context of tourism, it makes sense to speak in terms of a destination rather than a region, being a key concept of institutionalized tourism. However, regardless if one takes an economic geography, marketing management, customer, or cultural oriented approach (Saraniemi and Kylänen, 2011), we believe the Nordic region has much in common also as a tourist destination. We also argue there is a common understanding of what nature-based tourism is among the Nordic countries, which can be expressed as human activities occurring when visiting nature areas outside the ordinary neighborhood, or put differently, where the key attraction factor is nature and key activities are based on the nature environment (Koivula and Saastamoinen, 2005). For a more in-depth discussion about definitions of nature-based tourism we refer to the Introduction to this volume.
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| 2. |
- Fuchs, Matthias, 1970-, et al.
(author)
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Creativity and innovation in nature-based tourism : A critical reflection and empirical assessment
- 2021
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In: Nordic Perspectives on Nature-based Tourism. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 978 1 78990 402 4 ; , s. 175-193
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Following the philosopher and critical economist K-H. Brodbeck, in this chapter it is shown that modern economic science is incapable of properly capturing the nature of creativity. Thus, we critically reflect on notions of creativity as used in contemporary economic science and in its classical as well as ancient predecessors of economic thinking. After pointing at destructive consequences of innovations rooted in malevolent creativity, the Creativity Consequences Analytical Framework (Kampylis and Valtanen 2010) is introduced. On this base, the chapter aims at critically assessing motivations and intentions behind and expected consequences of entrepreneurial creativity in the Norwegian NBT sector. Policy implications and an agenda for future research are sketched in the conclusions.
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| 3. |
- Margaryan, Lusine, et al.
(author)
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Fantastic, magical and grandiose : Nature’s role in event design
- 2021
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In: Nordic Perspectives on Nature-based Tourism. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 978 1 78990 402 4 ; , s. 237-249
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter looks at the role of nature in special events, and the ways event managers integrate nature in the event design. We take the perspective of event managers to explore their awareness of and use of nature as an integral experiential component of their events. Grounded in the theoretical intersection of event studies and nature-based tourism, this chapter contributes with new knowledge on the role of nature in the experience economy. Our findings suggest that nature evokes positive emotional response, enhances the overall event experience, facilitates socio-cultural community, encourages educative and introspective experiences, and provides uniqueness to the event. Based on our study, we argue that actively integrating nature into the event design can be key to authentic, unique and transformative event experiences.
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| 4. |
- Margaryan, Lusine, et al.
(author)
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Visual staging of nature-based experiencescapes : Perspectives from Norwegian tourism and event sectors
- 2021
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In: Nordic Perspectives on Nature-based Tourism. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 978 1 78990 402 4 ; , s. 250-262
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Visual elements of the experience setting play a vital role in tourism and special events, given the oculocentric nature these sectors. At the same time, nature is an arena of diverging, often competing resource use interests, which underlines the importance of identifying key resources and analyzing their significance for each economic sector. In this chapter we focus on the way nature-based experienscapes are visually staged in nature-based tourism and event sectors by looking at the case of Norway. The visual analysis was performed on a sample of images collected from the websites of nature-based tourism firms and events. We discuss three main avenues of nature experiencescape representation: (a) nature as a view; (b) nature as a self-testing ground; and (c) nature as a hedonic space. It can be argued that nature-based experiencescapes are visually staged primarily according to the pre-existing canon of nature representation in general, which is rather divorced from given spatio-temporal specifics of a tour or an event. Reinforced by the endless circulation of images of ‘typical’ and ‘iconic’ Norwegian nature, suppliers tend to stage their visual experiencescape according to a well-established tradition of nature representation.
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