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- Ryan, Chris, et al.
(author)
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Virtual City Experimentation: A Critical Role for Design Visioning
- 2016
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In: The Experimental City. - 9781138856202 ; , s. 1-18
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Here we introduce the idea of virtual city experimentation: a design approach to catalyse action in the context of rapidly emerging disruptive challenges to the fabric and life of cities. In the meaning we give to the term, the concept of virtual experimentation owes little to the contemporary association of ‘virtual’ with ‘digital’, or ‘on-line’. Independent of any technology used in the process, virtual here speaks about evoking the critical human ability to conceptualise alternative realities, to imagine and to explore in the mind other sets of relationships (social, physical, technological) than those currently evident in the lived-in world.
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- Schliwa, Gabriele, et al.
(author)
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Living Labs: Users, Citizens and Transitions
- 2016
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In: The Experimental City. - 9781138856202 ; , s. 163-178
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Real-life environments have been used and framed as natural laboratories in which to study and develop new knowledge and understandings of human behaviour since the start of the last century (if not before). Likewise, urban researchers have been studying the phenomenon of urban experimentation for a long time (Bulkeley and Castán Broto 2013; Karvonen et al. 2014). Over the last decade, the city has been increasingly cast as a laboratory for the study of sustainable development (Evans and Karvonen 2011). In particular, an increasing number of institutions call themselves a ‘living lab’, demonstrating the level of interest in this concept from many different stakeholders, such as universities, science parks, business and local governments. Living labs have an appeal as they can suggest rigour and innovation, and in some instances become almost a model for urban development (Evans and Karvonen 2014).
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