| 1. |
- Hallmans, Daniel, et al.
(author)
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Challenges in providing sustainable analytic of system of systems with long life time
- 2021
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In: 2021 16th International Conference of System of Systems Engineering (SoSE). - 9781665444545 ; , s. 69-74
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Embedded systems are today often self-sufficient systems with limited communication. However, this traditional view of an embedded system is changing rapidly. Embedded systems are nowadays evolving, e.g., an evolution pushed by the increased functional gain introduced with the concept of System of Systems (SoS) that is connecting multiple subsystems to achieve a combined functionality and/or information of a higher value. In such a SoS the subsystems will have to serve a dual purpose in a) the initial purpose that the subsystem was originally designed and deployed for, e.g., control and protection of the physical assets of a critical infrastructure system that could be up and running for 30-40 years, and b) at the same time provide information to a higher-level system for a potential future increase of system functionality as technology matures and/or new opportunities are provided by, e.g., greater analytics capabilities. In this paper, within the context of a “dual purpose use” of a) and b), we bring up three central challenges related to i) information gathering, ii) life-cycle management, and iii) data governance, and we propose directions for solutions to these challenges that need to be evaluated already at design time.
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| 2. |
- Svenson, Pontus, et al.
(author)
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A design method for collaborative systems of systems applied to Metropolitan Multi-Mode Transport System
- 2021
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In: 2021 16th International Conference of System of Systems Engineering (SoSE). - 9781665444545 ; , s. 13-18
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Systems of systems arise when independently owned, operated and developed systems can achieve mutual benefits by working together. In collaborative systems of systems, there is no directing entity that instructs others how and when to collaborate. Instead, the collaboration relies on independent decisions by the constituent systems to form collaborating constellations, and the benefits are emergent properties of this. In this paper, we describe a design method for engineering collaborative systems of systems. We apply the method to the design of a collaborative system of systems for mobility in a rural setting close to an urban area and to truck platooning.
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| 3. |
- Svenson, Pontus, et al.
(author)
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Should I Stay or Should I Go? : How Constituent Systems Decide to Join or Leave Constellations in Collaborative SoS
- 2021
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In: 2021 16th International Conference of System of Systems Engineering (SoSE). - 9781665444545 ; , s. 179-184
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A collaborative system of systems (SoS) is formed when independent organizations decide to cooperate to achieve mutual benefits, while retaining independence of their respective systems. Each constituent system (CS) of the SoS has a set of capabilities, some of which they agree to potentially use in active collaboration with others. Such an active collaboration is called a constellation and can be seen as an instantiation of the SoS which is created to provide a joint capability. Constellations are thus the working-horses of the SoS, but due to the operational independence of the CS, they have a choice whether to join a certain constellation or not. This paper discusses the reasoning and world model that is necessary for a CS to make well-informed decisions to join and leave constellations. We argue that it is necessary for the CS to understand not only the surrounding environment, but also to have models of other CS’ world models as well as of their probable future actions. It must be possible to predict whether other participants will uphold their parts of the collaboration or may defect from it to join another more rewarding constellation despite the agreements made when joining the SoS. The reasoning in the paper is illustrated using examples from two different collaborative SoS in the transportation domain.
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