| 1. |
- Ahmed, Hesham, et al.
(author)
-
Recent Trends in Ironmaking Blast Furnace Technology to Mitigate CO2 Emissions : Top Charging Materials
- 2016
-
In: Ironmaking and Steelmaking Processes. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319395272 - 9783319395296 ; , s. 101-124
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The iron- and steelmaking is the largest energy consuming in the industrial sectors. The high energy consumption is associated with emission of CO 2and other pollutants. The most common ironmaking process used in the world is the blast furnace which contributes around 70 % of the world’s steel production. Recently, blast furnace has undergone tremendous modifications and improvements to reduce the energy consumption and CO 2emissions. The modifications are being focused on two main approaches: (1) development of top charging materials and (2) injections of auxiliary fuels through blast furnace tuyeres. The present chapter will discuss the recent modifications and development in the top charging burden and how it could participate in minimizing the energy consumption and CO 2emissions for more efficient and sustainable iron and steel industry. The injection of auxiliaryfuels will be discussed in details in another chapter. The enhancement of burden material quality and its charging mode into the blast furnace has resulted in a smooth and efficient operation. Recently, the usage of nut coke in the modern blast furnace is accompanied by higher production and lower reducing agent rates. An efficient recycling of in-plant fines by its conversion into briquettes with proper mechanical strength is applied in some blast furnaces to exploit the iron- and carbon-rich residues. Nowadays, novel composite agglomerates consist of iron ores and alternative carbonaceous materials represent a new trend for low-carbon blast furnace with lower dependence on the conventional burden materials. The recent investigations demonstrated that the novel composites are able to reduce the thermal reserve zone temperature in the blast furnace and consequently enhance the carbon utilization through its higher reactivity compared to fossil fuels. The top charging of bioreducers and hydrogen-rich materials into the blast furnace is one of interesting innovations to mitigate the CO 2emissions. Although some of previous approaches are recently applied in the modern blast furnace, others are still under intensive discussions to enhance its implementations.
|
|
| 2. |
- Mousa, E.A., et al.
(author)
-
Recent Trends in Ironmaking Blast Furnace Technology to Mitigate CO2 Emissions : Tuyeres Injection
- 2016
-
In: Ironmaking and Steelmaking Processes. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319395272 - 9783319395296 ; , s. 173-197
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Minimizing the coke consumption in the blast furnace is the key to achieve both ecological and economic aspects by reducing the CO2 emissions and the overall hot metal production cost. Complementary injection of cheaper auxiliary fuels and waste materials into the blast furnace via tuyeres has been greatly modified in the recent years to reduce the expensive coke consumption. Nowadays, most of the blast furnaces all over the world use pulverized coal at different injection rates. The greatest influence of coal injection on lowering the production cost and enhancement of hot metal production rate has led to further investigations on the injection of various other auxiliary materials including coke oven gas, converter gas, blast furnace dust, waste plastics, charcoal and torrefied biomass. In addition, trials on the injection of iron ore fines, low reduced iron and BOF slag have been recently studied. The injection rate of auxiliary materials into the blast furnace should be optimized to attain the minimum coke consumption and stable operation. The present chapter will discuss the influence of various materials injection on the blast furnace operation. The injection limit and changing of the blast furnace operating conditions, hot metal quality and coke consumption will be explained based on the experimental trials and mathematical modelling.
|
|
