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- Carlsson, C.
(author)
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Food safety and ethical responsibility in a globalized world - the role of private standards
- 2013
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In: The Ethics of Consumption: The Citizen, the Market and the Law. - Wageningen : Wageningen Academic Publishers. - 9789086862313 - 9789086867844 ; , s. 471-475
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rules and guidelines on food safety and ethical aspects of production, such as animal welfare and labour conditions, have traditionally been a matter of national legislation. However, in recent years, powerful retailers and food processors have started to impose requirements on downstream producers through private standards. Since private standards are used by private actors and not by states, they are not bound by existing trade rules. This means that private standards can include requirements relating to ethical aspects such as animal welfare and environmental protection on both imports and domestic production, and that they thereby have potential to make production conditions more equal in different countries. Through a case-study approach, the study investigates whether private standards harmonize production conditions across countries. Interviews are performed with three companies active on the Swedish and international food markets to understand which private standards are used and what requirements are made in these. The findings point to the existence of two related, but different, layers of private standards. Standards that are harmonized and used by many actors contain some requirements on ethical responsibility, but focus mainly on food safety. On the other hand, requirements on production methods, relating to animal welfare, environmental protection and labour conditions, are more heterogenic, since maintaining non-harmonized private standards within these areas is an important competitive tool for the individual firm. This, in turn, implies that they have less scope for harmonizing production conditions across countries. Nevertheless, firms do make requirements also within these areas, and the study thereby indicates that the private sector and the companies on the market are important actors in formulating requirements on the inclusion of ethical responsibility in production.
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| 3. |
- Grill, Kalle, 1976-
(author)
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Shaping the context and content of food choices
- 2013
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In: The ethics of consumption. - Wageningen : Wageningen Academic Publishers. - 9789086862313 - 9789086867844 ; , s. 166-171
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 4. |
- Karlsson, Jerker, et al.
(author)
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The impossibility of an ethical consumer
- 2013
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In: The ethics of consumption. - 9789086862313 ; , s. 183-188
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The thesis of this article is that the notion of an ethical food consumer is untenable unless it is coupled with a conception of food citizenship. The main arguments delivered against the notion of ethical food consumption are that consumption does not take the operations of moral psychology into account, nor afford means to tackle structural problems inherent in the relation between consumer and producer. The notion of an ethically aware food citizen is on the other hand capable of handling these problems head on. Hence, a realistic food ethics has to operate with an integrative view of consumption and citizenship.
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| 5. |
- Lindström, Niclas, 1974-, et al.
(author)
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School meals : bridging the gap between citizen expectation, procurement skills and legislation
- 2013. - 1
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In: Ethics of consumption. - Wageningen : Wageningen Academic Publishers. - 9789086862313 - 9789086867844 ; , s. 423-428
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Among others, Swedish citizens trust responsible authorities and legislation to ensure that producers manufacture food under reasonable conditions for both sentient beings and landscapes. Nevertheless many consumers are prepared to go much further and buy goods with e.g. fair-trade or ecological certificates. We believe that this trust is becoming increasingly compromised, and a closer study of what values influence purchase of food served in official institutions such as hospitals, preschools, and schools is important as individual choice according to certain certificates is very limited. This forthcoming study has two main aims. One is to examine inherent values in consumer expectations, policies and legislation regarding school meals through an ethical analysis of different aspects such as e.g. individual choice, public health, global justice, animal welfare and environmental sustainability. Another aim is to suggest a model for municipalities and the county councils to weigh these, sometimes conflicting, factors to one another in order to take reasonable ethical responsibility, live up to citizen expectations and meet national and international legislation regarding e.g. global justice, sustainability and animal welfare.
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| 7. |
- Rotter, Julia, et al.
(author)
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Category management in Swedish food retail. Challenges in ethical sourcing
- 2013
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In: Ethics of consumption : the citizen, the market and the law. - 9789086862313 ; , s. 54-58
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ethical aspects of consumption of fast moving consumer goods, have received increased attention during the last decade. In part, this can be explained by an increasing awareness among consumers at large of environmental and social issues that are embedded in the production of fast moving consumer goods, such as food products. Standards and eco-labels serve as a guiding support for consumer choices, but the role of the food retailer, above and beyond providing services and information for the consumers, is a matter of making corporate decisions in line with responsible corporate governance. This paper aims to explore corporate responsibility, CR, in terms of ethical sourcing in category management, which selection reflects the overall corporate value grounds and create basis for differentiation. Categories are seen as single business units, where considering ethical aspects in business decisions might be conflicting with strategic goals such as profit maximization on a corporate level. Therefore, in a practical setting, category management concerns making choices regarding in which way and what products should be offered in the food retail stores. Key research questions target the conditions for making strategic choices; who are the stakeholders? And what values are given priority? The paper is based on a qualitative research design where two food retail case studies are presented as illustrations of conditions and challenges in addressing complex corporate responsibility issues. These case studies adopt a corporate perspective of key food retailers in Sweden and their approach to managing social and environmental issues in supply chains. Research findings illustrate the central position for food retailers in the supply chain. Yet, it is unlikely that solutions to complex problems, such as those embedded in supply chains, can be achieved by a single actor since businesses that respond individually to complex challenges often find the competitive environment restricting their activities. An extended stakeholder dialogue, in terms of industrial networks and multi-stakeholder dialogue, offers valuable exchange of knowledge and an opportunity to balance a wide set of values and interests. Corporate challenges of creating legitimacy are associated with the selection of dialogue partners, perceptions of created shared values, communicational efforts made to establish trust, and, the underlying query of corporate raison d’être.
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