| 1. |
- Brown, Ian, 1971-
(author)
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Polarimetric scattering from shallow firn and forests with snow cover
- 2010
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In: Proceedings of the ESA Living Planet SymposiumBergen, Norway. - Noordwijk, Netherlands : European Space Agency. - 9789292212506
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this paper the potential for inferring shallow firn depth from polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) data at L- and C-band is investigated. Using ALOS PALSAR and Radarsat-2 SAR imagery, and field data including Ground Penetrating Radar profiles and shallow cores, we investigate the spatial distribution of backscatter and decompose backscatter using polarimetric methods to analyse how polarimetric scattering is affected by firn depth near the firn line. The investigation is aimed at a more refined delineation of glacier firn lines and a better understanding of scattering from firn, superimposed ice and the bare ice facies. We found that PolSAR can be used to infer shallow firn thicknesses up to depths of at least 2 m water equivalent (m w.e.) and that old and contemporary firn surfaces can be differentiated using PolSAR. Contrary to many previous investigations the importance of surface scattering in the firn area is also emphasised in the scattering decompositions. Volume scattering was found to have a secondary or tertiary importance. This has important implications for the analysis of backscatter using semi-empirical models.The effect of snow depth on backscatter in pro-glacial a sub-Arctic forest and its potential for improving forest mapping is also discussed. Snow depth data were acquired by manual probing and snowpit measurements. In addition forest stand densities were assessed in situ and NDVI and tasseled cap transformations were made in optical remote sensing data (SPOT-4) to parameterise the forest. Scatterer decomposition and pedestal height products were found to be related to snowpack depth. It was not possible to separate the influences of snow cover and forest structure due to the partial dependence of the former on the latter. Nevertheless it can be concluded that PolSAR improves our ability to map the forest margins of low density, sub-Arctic forests. Our findings have implications for the implementation of algorithms for the exploitation of future SAR missions including Sentinel-1.
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| 2. |
- Ingvander, Susanne, et al.
(author)
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Spatial snow grain size variability along the JASE 2007/2008 traverse route in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, and its relation to MOA NDSI index, MEDRIS and MODIS sattelite data
- 2010
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In: Proceedings of ESA Living Planet Symposium. - Noordwijk : ESA (European Space Agency). - 9789292212506
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Snow grain size is an important parameter for determining albedo of the ice sheets and for calibration of optical and microwave remote sensing scattering processes. Snow grain size is a function of the local climate determined by moisture content, air and snow temperature, their gradients within the snow and firn, and wind patterns. Furthermore, it is an indicator on snow metamorphism. We have developed The Digital Grain Size Properties method (DGSP-method) using object oriented image analysis of very high resolution snow grain size images. Commonly used methods are based on visual interpretation, which is a subjective method providing only mean grain size does not retrieve size distribution within each sample. This is a first attempt to validate satellite information by the in situ measurements from JASE (Japanese Swedish Antarctic Expedition) 2007/2008 using digital image processing. The DSGP-method is based on in-field photography of snow and pixel-based object oriented image analysis. The results show shows decreasing grain size towards the centre of Antarctica and larger grains in the coastal areas. The data used to validate is three different products based on two different types of optic satellite sensors; MERIS (Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) and MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer). A first validation captures a cluster relation between grain size in the coastal and at the plateau and optical satellite reflection.
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| 3. |
- Islam, Md. Tariqul, 1980
(author)
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RIVER CHANNEL MIGRATION: A REMOTE SENSING AND GIS ANALYSIS
- 2010
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In: Proceedings of ESA Living Planet Symposium. 28 June - 2 July 2010, Bergen, Norway / edited by H. Lacoste-Francis. - 1609-042X. - 9789292212506 ; :SP-686
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Remote sensing and geographic information system provide tools for quantitative and qualitative river morphological analysis. Bangladesh is a riverine, flood prone country and, the Padma and the Jamuna are two of major three rivers in the country. The aim of this research is to monitor the channel migration of the Padma and the Jamuna rivers since 1977 to 2004 using remote sensing and GIS. Four scenes for dry season’s cloud free Landsat images were used in this study. Images were processed using PCI Geomatica and ArcGIS 9.3 was used for GIS analysis. The Landsat images were visualized and identified nine locations to investigate the channel migration. The images were classified into two broad categories, i.e. water and nonwater body. ArcGIS 9.3 was used to transfer these classified images into GIS layers. A standard measurement tool of ArcGIS was applied to measure the movement of river channel based on initial river channel in 1977. General trend of the Padma and the Jamuna river channel migration at locations A, B, C, D, F, G, H and I towards north, northeast and southwest eventually, north, northeast, east, east, west and west, respectively. The confluence point of the Padma and Jamuna (at location E) migrated toward southeast with high rate. During 1977-2004, it migrated about 9000m toward southeast. Trend of migration of the confluence point was faster than any other locations in the channel of the Padma river.
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| 4. |
- Johansson, Malin, et al.
(author)
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Multi-temporal, multi-sensor investigations of supra-glacial lakes on the Greenland Ice Sheet
- 2011
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In: Proceedings of ESA Living Planet Symposium: 28 June - 2 July 2010, Bergen, Norway(DVD). - Noordwijk : ESA (European Space Agency). - 9789292212506
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The stability of the ice sheets is affected by the ongoing climate change through changes in the meltwater budget and effects on ice sheet dynamics. Surface lakes on the Greenland Ice Sheet have attracted much attention, but assessing their number and size as well as the variability over time of these parameters is not straight-forward. We present a satellite image-based survey of the total lake area and number of supra-glacial lakes in a specific region on the western margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Optical images from two different sensors (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Landsat) and images from three different synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellites (Radarsat, ERS and Envisat) from 2001, 2006 and 2007, were used in order to manually digitize the extent of supra-glacial lakes. The image spatial resolution ranges from high (Radarsat, ERS and Landsat) to moderate (Envisat and MODIS) where high resolution corresponds to 6.25 to 25 m, and a moderate resolution corresponds to 50 to 250 m. SAR imagery was tested as a supplement to the more commonly used optical data to fill gaps in the time series caused by frequent cloud cover. In total 709 individual lakes were studied. High resolution images were shown to be preferable in the beginning of the melt season, due to the smaller size of the lakes. In the middle of the melt season the resolution was of limited importance. Our work suggests that the use of a combination of active radar and optical images enables successful lake monitoring with high temporal and spatial resolution in both cloudy and clear weather conditions.
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