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- Cengic, Goran, 1978, et al.
(author)
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A Framework for Component Based Distributed Control Software Development Using IEC 61499
- 2006
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In: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technology and Factory Automation, Sep 2006, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A framework for component based distributed control software is proposed. The primary application for the framework is in distributed control systems. The framework proposes new software components, called automation components that can be hierarchically embedded to produce new components. Automation components are also combined to produce hierarchical component based applications. The framework is independent of the execution platform, however it is shown how an application that is developed using the framework can be executed using IEC 61499 platform. The validity of the framework is evaluated using an industrial example of a reconfigurable manufacturing cell.
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| 2. |
- Cengic, Goran, 1978, et al.
(author)
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Formal Modeling of Function Block Applications Running in IEC 61499 Execution Runtime
- 2006
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In: 2006 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA; Hamburg; Germany; 20 September 2006 through 22 September 2006. - 9781424406814 ; , s. 1269-1276
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The execution model in a new standard for distributed control systems, IEC 61499, is analyzed. It is shown how the same standard compliant application running in two different standard compliant runtime environments may result in completely different behaviors. Thus, to achieve true portability of applications between multiple standard compliant runtime environments a more detailed execution model is necessary. In this paper a new runtime environment, Fuber, is presented along with a formal execution model. In this case the execution model is given as a set of interacting state machines which makes it straightforward to analyze the behavior of the application and runtime together using existing tools for formal verification.
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| 3. |
- Hedberg, Jakob, et al.
(author)
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Randomized controlled trial of nasogastric tube use after esophagectomy : study protocol for the kinetic trial
- 2024
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In: Diseases of the esophagus. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1120-8694 .- 1442-2050. ; 37:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Esophagectomy is a complex and complication laden procedure. Despite centralization, variations in perioparative strategies reflect a paucity of evidence regarding optimal routines. The use of nasogastric (NG) tubes post esophagectomy is typically associated with significant discomfort for the patients. We hypothesize that immediate postoperative removal of the NG tube is non-inferior to current routines. All Nordic Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer centers were invited to participate in this open-label pragmatic randomized controlled trial (RCT). Inclusion criteria include resection for locally advanced esophageal cancer with gastric tube reconstruction. A pretrial survey was undertaken and was the foundation for a consensus process resulting in the Kinetic trial, an RCT allocating patients to either no use of a NG tube (intervention) or 5 days of postoperative NG tube use (control) with anastomotic leakage as primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints include pulmonary complications, overall complications, length of stay, health related quality of life. A sample size of 450 patients is planned (Kinetic trial: https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN39935085). Thirteen Nordic centers with a combined catchment area of 17 million inhabitants have entered the trial and ethical approval was granted in Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Denmark. All centers routinely use NG tube and all but one center use total or hybrid minimally invasive-surgical approach. Inclusion began in January 2022 and the first annual safety board assessment has deemed the trial safe and recommended continuation. We have launched the first adequately powered multi-center pragmatic controlled randomized clinical trial regarding NG tube use after esophagectomy with gastric conduit reconstruction.
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| 4. |
- Jestin Hannan, Christine, et al.
(author)
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Differences in multidisciplinary cancer conferences of esophageal and gastroesophageal junctional cancer regarding staging, resectability and treatment allocation – a multicenter study
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background: There are differences in esophageal cancer care across different regions in Sweden. According to Swedish national guidelines, all patients diagnosed with these tumors should be individually evaluated by regional multidisciplinary cancer conferences (MCCs) to be recommended best possible treatment. The aim of the study was to investigate differences between the regional MCCs in Sweden regarding clinical staging and recommended treatment.Method: Representatives for all six regional MCCs were invited to contribute with ten retrospective consecutive cases each. After anonymization radiological investigations were presented, along with the original case-specific medical history, anew at all participating regional MCCs. Each MCCs’ clinical Tumor Nodal Metastasis classification (cTNM) and treatment recommendation (curative, palliative or best supportive care) were compared between MCCs as well as with the original assessment. Results: Five regional MCCs joined the study. Out of 50 available cases the majority were assessed anew in addition to the previous original assessment. There was not consensus among the regional MCCs regarding cT-stage in 42 cases (84%), cN-stage in 33 cases (66%), and for cM-stage in 16 cases (32%). Differences in appraisal were not associated with PET-CT availability. The MCCs agreed on treatment recommendations in 26/50 cases (52%). Discussion: The study shows differences, both in assessment of cTNM as well as treatment recommendations at different MCCs. A patient recommended curative treatment by one MCC could be suggested palliative care by another. To achieve more equal care for esophageal cancer patients in Sweden it is essential to increase consensus on cTNM and recommended treatment.
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| 5. |
- Jestin Hannan, Christine, et al.
(author)
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Differences in multidisciplinary team assessment on esophageal cancer patients in Sweden : a multicentre study
- 2022
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In: Diseases of the esophagus. - : Oxford University Press. - 1120-8694 .- 1442-2050. ; 35:Suppl. 2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There are differences in esophageal cancer care across different counties in Sweden. According to national guidelines, all patients should be offered equal care which should be administrated by regional multidisciplinary cancer conferences (MCCs). The aim of the study was to investigate differences between the six regional MCCs in Sweden regarding clinical stageing and recommended treatment.Ten consecutive cases per participating center, 60 cases in total, were planned for inclusion. After anonymization the radiological investigations were presented, along with the original case-specific medical history, anew at the six regional MCCs. Estimation of clinical TNM and treatment allocation (curative, palliative or best supportive care) were compared between MCCs as well as with the original assessment. Interim analysis was performed in April 2022 when ten cases had been presented at five of the six regional MCCs.All available cases were assessed at five MCCs in addition to the previous original assessment (60 assessments). The mean age for the first ten cases was 74.8 years (SD ± 9.8 years). Eight out of ten cases were men. In estimations of T- and N-stage the MCCs agreed in only one out of ten cases. In half of the cases more than three different estimations of N-stage were made. For clinical M-stage there was exact agreement in three cases. In determination of recommended treatment, all five MCCs were in agreement on half of the cases.Preliminary data show striking differences, both in assessment of TNM as well as treatment recommendation at different MCCs. One patient, recommended curative treatment by one MCC could be allocated to palliative care by another. Inclusion is ongoing and further analysis of these differences are warranted to achieve more equal care for esophageal cancer patients in Sweden.
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| 8. |
- Ljungkrantz, Oscar, 1978, et al.
(author)
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A formal specification language for PLC-based control logic
- 2010
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In: Proceedings of the 8th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, INDIN 2010; Osaka; 13 July 2010 through 16 July 2010. - 1935-4576. - 9781424473007 ; , s. 1067-1072
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Formal verification, using model checking tools, is promising in developing (IEC 61131) industrial control logic. Formal verification requires a formal specification of the properties to be verified. Specifications in model checking tools are typically expressed using temporal logic. However, the standard temporal logic dialects are not well suited for control engineers who do rarely have a background within computer science. In this paper a new dialect of linear temporal logic, ST-LTL, is introduced that intends to be easier to use for control engineers than the existing dialects. The relation of ST-LTL compared to existing temporal logic dialects is analyzed. © 2010 IEEE.
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| 9. |
- Ljungkrantz, Oscar, 1978, et al.
(author)
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A Study of Industrial Logic Control Programming Using Library Components
- 2007
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In: Proceedings of the 3rd Annual IEEE Conference on Automation Science and Engineering.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper a study of logic control programming practices and use of library components at two European car manufacturers, is presented. The research provides results important to consider for researchers and PLC vendors when developing frameworks for control program generation, to cope with new requirements of flexible manufacturing systems. The main observations are: the programs, written mainly in Ladder Diagrams and Sequential Function Charts, frequently reuse pre-developed function blocks; it is important that the control programs can be understood and used for trouble-shooting by the operators; and finally, the code handles, besides automatic control, also safety and supervision, human machine interface, product data, communication etc., the code for automatic control is a minor part of the total code.
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| 10. |
- Ljungkrantz, Oscar, 1978, et al.
(author)
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An Empirical Study of Control Logic Specifications for Programmable Logic Controllers
- 2014
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In: Empirical Software Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7616 .- 1382-3256. ; 19:3, s. 655-677
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents an empirical study of control logic specifications used to document real-world code in manufacturing applications. More than one hundred input/output related property specifications from ten different reusable function blocks were investigated. The main purpose of the study was to provide understanding of how the specifications are expressed by industrial practitioners. This study can be used to develop new tools and methods for specifying control logic software, as well as evaluating existing ones. In this paper, the studied specifications are used to evaluate linear temporal logic in general and the specification language ST-LTL, tailored for functions blocks, in particular.The study shows that most specifications are expressed as implications between input and output conditions, which should always be fulfilled. Many of these implications are rather complex since the input and output conditions may be mixed and involve sequences, timer issues and non-boolean variables. Using ST-LTL it was possible to represent all implications of this study. The remaining few specifications could be specified in ST-LTL as well after being altered to suit the specification language. The paper demonstrates some advantages of ST-LTL compared to standard linear temporal logic and discusses possible improvements such as support for automatic rewrite of complex specifications.
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