| 1. |
- Danielsen, A, et al.
(author)
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Investigating repetition and change in musical rhythm by functional MRI
- 2014
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In: Neuroscience. - 0306-4522 .- 1873-7544. ; 275, s. 469-476
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Groove-based rhythm is a basic and much appreciated feature of Western popular music. It is commonly associated with dance, movement and pleasure and is characterized by the repetition of a basic rhythmic pattern. At various points in the musical course, drum breaks occur, representing a change compared to the repeated pattern of the groove. In the present experiment, we investigated the brain response to such drum breaks in a repetitive groove. Participants were scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while listening to a previously unheard naturalistic groove with drum breaks at uneven intervals. The rhythmic pattern and the timing of its different parts as performed were the only aspects that changed from the repetitive sections to the breaks. Differences in blood oxygen level-dependent activation were analyzed. In contrast to the repetitive parts, the drum breaks activated the left cerebellum, the right inferior frontal gyrus (RIFG), and the superior temporal gyri (STG) bilaterally. A tapping test using the same stimulus showed an increase in the standard deviation of inter-tap-intervals in the breaks versus the repetitive parts, indicating extra challenges for auditory-motor integration in the drum breaks. Both the RIFG and STG have been associated with structural irregularity and increase in musical-syntactical complexity in several earlier studies, whereas the left cerebellum is known to play a part in timing. Together these areas may be recruited in the breaks due to a prediction error process whereby the internal model is being updated. This concurs with previous research suggesting a network for predictive feed-forward control that comprises the cerebellum and the cortical areas that were activated in the breaks.
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| 2. |
- Danielsen, A, et al.
(author)
-
Investigating repetition and change in musical rhythm by functional MRI
- 2014
-
In: Neuroscience. - : Elsevier Ltd.. - 0306-4522 .- 1873-7544. ; 275, s. 469-476
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Groove-based rhythm is a basic and much appreciated feature of Western popular music. It is commonly associated with dance, movement and pleasure and is characterized by the repetition of a basic rhythmic pattern. At various points in the musical course, drum breaks occur, representing a change compared to the repeated pattern of the groove. In the present experiment, we investigated the brain response to such drum breaks in a repetitive groove. Participants were scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while listening to a previously unheard naturalistic groove with drum breaks at uneven intervals. The rhythmic pattern and the timing of its different parts as performed were the only aspects that changed from the repetitive sections to the breaks. Differences in blood oxygen level-dependent activation were analyzed. In contrast to the repetitive parts, the drum breaks activated the left cerebellum, the right inferior frontal gyrus (RIFG), and the superior temporal gyri (STG) bilaterally. A tapping test using the same stimulus showed an increase in the standard deviation of inter-tap-intervals in the breaks versus the repetitive parts, indicating extra challenges for auditory-motor integration in the drum breaks. Both the RIFG and STG have been associated with structural irregularity and increase in musical-syntactical complexity in several earlier studies, whereas the left cerebellum is known to play a part in timing. Together these areas may be recruited in the breaks due to a prediction error process whereby the internal model is being updated. This concurs with previous research suggesting a network for predictive feed-forward control that comprises the cerebellum and the cortical areas that were activated in the breaks.
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| 3. |
- Johansson, C.B., et al.
(author)
-
3.16 Histological Analysis
- 2017. - 2
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In: Comprehensive Biomaterials II. - : Elsevier. - 9780081006924 ; , s. 335-363
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- All devices are recognized as foreign body materials once inserted in the living body, and they will all cause foreign body reactions. To determine the degree of integration, both qualitative and quantitative data are obtained by examining histological sections. This technique is the state of the art and has been so for decades. Quantitative analysis is important, but one cannot solely rely on data that computer programs rather rapidly generate. The qualitative examinations are of utmost importance. Tissue which has been properly fixed, processed, and maintained in the laboratories can be used for a broad range of histological analysis. This chapter presents some qualitative and quantitative state-of-the-art techniques used in relation to bone tissue analyses around biomaterials. Methods are described from fixation of tissue, preparation of sections, routine and new techniques adjusted to state-of-the-art techniques, and some complementary techniques. The importance of investigating the tissue reactions in various levels, from light microscopic to molecular, such as the localization of proteins as well as some quantification methods will be presented. In the future, we foresee even more complementary techniques to obtain more information regarding this tissue.
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| 4. |
- Tomás, L., et al.
(author)
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Addressing QoS in grids through a fairshare meta-scheduling in-advance architecture
- 2012
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Federated Grid resources typically span multiple administrative domains and utilize heterogeneous schedulers. This complexity complicates not only provisioning of quality of service but also management and enforcement of end-user resource utilization allocations. to overcome these problems, we propose to combine high-level meta-scheduling techniques with lower-level fairs hare prioritization mechanisms to create a framework that improves end-user quality of service in heterogeneous distributed computing environments. to illustrate the approach we present a prototype architecture based on two existing systems, the meta-scheduling framework SA-Layer and the distributed fairs hare prioritization system Aequus. the proposed architecture constitutes a predictive meta-scheduling architecture that performs fair user-level scheduling prioritization and enacts resource utilization quotas, whilst also providing synergetic effects that improve the performance of the individual system components. to characterize the contribution, the proposed system is evaluated on a test bed consisting of geographically dispersed, heterogeneous computing resources spanning multiple administration domains.
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| 5. |
- Tomas, L, et al.
(author)
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An adaptable in-advance and fairshare meta-scheduling architecture to improve grid QoS
- 2011
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In: Grid Computing (GRID), 2011 12th IEEE/ACM International Conference on. ; , s. 220-221
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Grids are highly variable heterogeneous systems where resources may span multiple administrative domains and utilize heterogeneous schedulers, which complicates enforcement of end-user resource utilization quotas. This work focuses on enhancement of resource utilization quality of service through combination of two systems. A predictive meta-scheduling framework and a distributed fairs hare job prioritization system. The first, SA-Layer, is a system designed to provide scheduling of jobs in advance by ensuring resource availability for future job executions. The second, FS Grid, provides an efficient mechanism for fairs hare-based job prioritization. The integrated architecture presented in this work combines the strengths of both systems and improves perceived end-user quality of service by providing reliable resource allocations adhering to usage allocation policies.
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