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- Budnik, Lygia Therese, et al.
(author)
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Diagnosis, monitoring and prevention of exposure-related non-communicable diseases in the living and working environment : DiMoPEx-project is designed to determine the impacts of environmental exposure on human health
- 2018
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In: Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-6673. ; 13:1
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The WHO has ranked environmental hazardous exposures in the living and working environment among the top risk factors for chronic disease mortality. Worldwide, about 40 million people die each year from noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) including cancer, diabetes, and chronic cardiovascular, neurological and lung diseases. The exposure to ambient pollution in the living and working environment is exacerbated by individual susceptibilities and lifestyle-driven factors to produce complex and complicated NCD etiologies. Research addressing the links between environmental exposure and disease prevalence is key for prevention of the pandemic increase in NCD morbidity and mortality. However, the long latency, the chronic course of some diseases and the necessity to address cumulative exposures over very long periods does mean that it is often difficult to identify causal environmental exposures. EU-funded COST Action DiMoPEx is developing new concepts for a better understanding of health-environment (including gene-environment) interactions in the etiology of NCDs. The overarching idea is to teach and train scientists and physicians to learn how to include efficient and valid exposure assessments in their research and in their clinical practice in current and future cooperative projects. DiMoPEx partners have identified some of the emerging research needs, which include the lack of evidence-based exposure data and the need for human-equivalent animal models mirroring human lifespan and low-dose cumulative exposures. Utilizing an interdisciplinary approach incorporating seven working groups, DiMoPEx will focus on aspects of air pollution with particulate matter including dust and fibers and on exposure to low doses of solvents and sensitizing agents. Biomarkers of early exposure and their associated effects as indicators of disease-derived information will be tested and standardized within individual projects. Risks arising from some NCDs, like pneumoconioses, cancers and allergies, are predictable and preventable. Consequently, preventative action could lead to decreasing disease morbidity and mortality for many of the NCDs that are of major public concern. DiMoPEx plans to catalyze and stimulate interaction of scientists with policy-makers in attacking these exposure-related diseases.
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- Sæter Grytting, Vegard, et al.
(author)
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Combined Exposure to road wear Particles and Diesel Exhaust Particles Induces Enhanced pro-Inflammatory Responses in Cells of the Human Airways
- 2023
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In: Annals of Work Exposures and Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 2398-7308 .- 2398-7316. ; 67:S1, s. i95-
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Ambient particulate matter (PM) is one of the leading environmental mortality risk factors worldwide. PM is not a single entity but consists of a complex and variable mixture of particles from multiple sources. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of experimental studies assessing the potential combinatory effects of different types of particles, and most focus on the effects of individual PM components or mixed PM samples. In the present study, the pro-inflammatory effects of combined exposure to road wear particles and diesel exhaust particles (DEP), two important constituents of traffic-derived PM, were assessed in vitro. Human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC3-KT) and differentiated THP-1 macrophage-like cells were exposed to road wear particles and two different samples of DEP under submerged conditions, both alone and in combination. Particle-induced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (CXCL8 and IL-1β) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results show that combined exposure to road wear particles and DEP induced enhanced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared with the effects of the individual particle samples. The combinatory effects appeared to depend on properties of the DEP samples and also differed between the HBEC3-KT cells and THP-1 macrophage-like cells. This study shows that the effects of combined exposure to different types of particles may surpass the effects anticipated by the effects of the individual particulates. These combinatory effects between types of particles could have implications when assessing measures to reduce PM-induced health effects.
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