| 1. |
- Alharbi, Abdullah G., et al.
(author)
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Novel MIMO Antenna System for Ultra Wideband Applications
- 2022
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In: Applied Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-3417. ; 12:7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The design of a 4 x 4 MIMO antenna for UWB communication systems is presented in this study. The single antenna element is comprised of a fractal circular ring structure backed by a modified partial ground plane having dimensions of 30 x 30 mm(2). The single antenna element has a wide impedance bandwidth of 9.33 GHz and operates from 2.67 GHz to 12 GHz. Furthermore, the gain of a single antenna element increases as the frequency increases, with a peak realized gain and antenna efficiency of 5 dBi and >75%, respectively. For MIMO applications, a 4 x 4 array is designed and analyzed. The antenna elements are positioned in a plus-shaped configuration to provide pattern as well as polarization diversity. It is worth mentioning that good isolation characteristics are achieved without the utilization of any isolation enhancement network. The proposed MIMO antenna was fabricated and tested, and the results show that it provides UWB response from 2.77 GHz to over 12 GHz. The isolation between the antenna elements is more than 15 dB. Based on performance attributes, it can be said that the proposed design is suitable for UWB MIMO applications.
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| 2. |
- Rafique, Umair, et al.
(author)
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Uni-Planar MIMO Antenna for Sub-6 GHz 5G Mobile Phone Applications
- 2022
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In: Applied Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-3417. ; 12:8
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article presents the design of a uni-planar MIMO antenna system for sub-6 GHz 5G-enabled smartphones. The MIMO antenna designed comprises four loop-shaped radiators placed at each corner of the mobile phone board, which follows the principle of pattern diversity. The single-antenna element resonates at 3.5 GHz, its impedance bandwidth is noted to be 1.28 GHz (3-4.28 GHz) for S-11 <= -6 dB, and it is equal to 720 MHz (3.18-3.9 GHz) for S-11 <= -10 dB. For a single-antenna element, a peak gain of 3.64 dBi is observed with an antenna efficiency of >90%. The isolation of >10 dB between antenna elements is achieved for the MIMO configuration. Furthermore, the MIMO antenna designed provides enough radiation coverage to support different sides of the mobile phone board, which is an important feature for future 5G-enabled handsets. In addition, the impacts of human hands and heads on MIMO antenna performance are investigated, and acceptable performance in the data and conversation modes is observed.
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| 3. |
- Zahid, Muhammad Noaman, et al.
(author)
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H-Shaped Eight-Element Dual-Band MIMO Antenna for Sub-6 GHz 5G Smartphone Applications
- 2022
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In: IEEE Access. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2169-3536. ; 10, s. 85619-85629
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The design of an eight-element H-shaped dual-band multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system for sub-6 GHz fifth-generation (5G) smartphone applications is presented in this work. The radiating elements are designed on the side edge frame of the smartphone, placed on both sides of the main printed circuit board (PCB). Each side edge consists of four radiating elements, which ensures low mutual coupling between antenna elements. The total size of the main PCB is 150 x 75 mm(2), while the size of the side edge frame is 150 x 7 mm(2). A single antenna consists of an H-shaped radiating element fed using a 50 Omega microstrip feeding line designed on the main board of the smartphone. The results show that, according to -6 dB impedance bandwidth criteria, the designed MIMO antenna radiates at two different frequency ranges within the allocated 5G spectrums, i.e., 3.1-3.78 GHz and 5.43-6.21 GHz with 680 MHz and 780 MHz bandwidths, respectively. It is also observed that the antenna elements are able to provide pattern diversity for both the frequency bands. Furthermore, an isolation of >12 dB is observed between any two given radiating elements. Numerous MIMO critical performance characteristics are assessed, including diversity gain (DG), envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), and channel capacity (CC). A prototype is built, measured, and it is observed that the measured and simulated data correspond well. On the basis of performance characteristics, it can be claimed that the suggested MIMO system may be used in 5G communication networks.
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