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- Håkansson, I., et al.
(författare)
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Retrospective comparison between MRI examinations during radiographer-administered intranasal sedation or general anesthesia
- 2024
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Ingår i: Radiography. - : Elsevier. - 1078-8174 .- 1532-2831. ; 30:1, s. 296-300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: In order for young children to be able to undergo a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) examination, general anesthesia is often required. The aim of this study was to compare the image quality, times, and costs of the examinations of infant brains performed with MRI either during sedation with dexmedetomidine administered by radiographers or anesthesia with propofol administered by anesthesia staff. Methods: This study was a quantitative retrospective study of 27 consecutive standard brain examinations performed under sedation or anesthesia, involving 15 children under sedation and 12 under anesthesia. The age of the children was from 0.5 to five years old. The image quality was evaluated by three radiologists experienced in pediatric MRI examinations. Information such as examination time and the expense of the examination was also collected. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the general image quality, but one image series was assessed to have significantly better image quality under sedation than under anesthesia, but all images had very high quality. However, it emerged that children under anesthesia were at the hospital on average 55 min longer and the scanner room was occupied 20 min longer on average. The anesthesia examinations were three times more expensive. Conclusion: This study demonstrated equivalent image quality between sedation and anesthesia. In addition, sedation was less time-consuming and had a lower price, partly because no extra anesthetic staff were required. The use of intranasal sedation offers a possibility to expand the competence area for radiographers. Implications for practice: If radiographers learn to perform intranasal sedation, examinations can be performed in less time, at a third of the staff costs while maintaining image quality.
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- Nilsson, Harriet, et al.
(författare)
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A modified technique for the impregnation of lanthanum tracer to study the integrity of tight junctions on cells grown on a permeable substrate
- 2006
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Ingår i: Microscopy research and technique (Print). - : Wiley. - 1059-910X .- 1097-0029. ; 69:10, s. 776-783
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ionic lanthanum is commonly used to trace permeability pathways across epithelia and endothelia in biological electron microscopy. A method for obtaining a uniformly dense precipitate of lanthanum is described. The method, which is a modification of the technique described by Shaklai and Tavassoli (1977) was suitable for fixation of cell cultures grown on permeable filter inserts and was successfully applied to study opening of tight junctions by hypertonic solutions in the airway epithelial cell line 16HBE14o(-). The preparation method formed the basis for a semi-quantitative morphological determination in which the tight junctions were subdivided as "intact," "weakened," and "open." By using this modified technique, it could be demonstrated that opening of tight junctions in airway epithelial cells increased, with increasing osmolarity with electrolytes having a stronger effect than nonelectrolytes. A significant linear relationship was found between the osmolarity of the medium and the open state of the tight junctions (as determined by the semi-quantitative morphological technique) or the transepithelial electrical resistance.
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- Nilsson, Harriet, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of hyperosmotic stress on cultured airway epithelial cells
- 2007
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Ingår i: Cell and Tissue Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0302-766X .- 1432-0878. ; 330:2, s. 257-269
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inhalation of hyperosmotic solutions (salt, mannitol) has been used in the treatment of patients with cystic fibrosis or asthma, but the mechanism behind the effect of hyperosmotic solutions is unclear. The relation between osmolarity and permeability changes was examined in an airway cell line by the addition of NaCl, NaBr, LiCl, mannitol, or xylitol (295–700 mOsm). Transepithelial resistance was measured as an indicator of the tightness of the cultures. Cell-cell contacts and morphology were investigated by immunofluorescence and by transmission electron microscopy, with lanthanum nitrate added to the luminal side of the epithelium to investigate tight junction permeability. The electrolyte solutions caused a significant decrease in transepithelial resistance from 450 mOsm upwards, when the hyperosmolar exposure was gradually increased from 295 to 700 mOsm; whereas the nonelectrolyte solutions caused a decrease in transepithelial resistance from 700 mOsm upwards. Old cultures reacted in a more rigid way compared to young cultures. Immuno-fluorescence pictures showed weaker staining for the proteins ZO-1, claudin-4, and plakoglobin in treated samples compared to the control. The ultrastructure revealed an increased number of open tight junctions as well as a disturbed morphology with increasing osmolarity, and electrolyte solutions opened a larger proportion of tight junctions than nonelectrolyte solutions. This study shows that hyperosmotic solutions cause the opening of tight junctions, which may increase the permeability of the paracellular pathway and result in increased transepithelial water transport.
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- Trygg, Emily, et al.
(författare)
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Radiographers’ confidence in handling iodine based contrast media hypersensitivity reactions
- 2024
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Ingår i: Radiography. - : Elsevier. - 1078-8174 .- 1532-2831. ; 30:1, s. 21-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Adverse reactions to iodinated contrast media, which is used during computed tomography (CT) examinations, are rare. As a result, radiographers have limited experience handling those situations and may feel uncertainty and a lack of confidence. The aim of this study was to investigate radiographers' confidence in handling hypersensitivity reactions to contrast media during CT examinations.Methods: A survey in the form of a questionnaire was conducted to gather both quantitative and qualitative data. There were 31 clinics that participated in this study, of which four were university hospitals, 17 were medium-sized hospitals and 10 were small hospitals. In total, the questionnaires were distributed to 700 radiographers. The questionnaire contained 12 questions and was distributed via email with a link to the questionnaire.Results: Two hundred-ninety radiographers participated in the survey. 72% of the respondents answered in the middle of the four-point scale (2–3) in response to the statement “I feel confident in handling hypersensitivity reactions”. 65% answered that they did not have routines for training regularly regarding hypersensitivity reactions. Qualitative data showed that many of the respondents wished to receive education and training regularly.Conclusions: The confidence of radiographers regarding the management of hypersensitivity reactions was deficient and most of the respondents wished they felt more confident.Implication for practice: To increase radiographers' confidence in handling hypersensitivity reactions, it is recommended that the radiology clinics review their routines and the possibility to implement regular training.
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- Wistbacka, Greta Öhlund, et al.
(författare)
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VOICE LEVELS IN SIMULATED ROOM ACOUSTIC ENVIRONMENTS. SEX AND AGE DIFFERENCES
- 2023
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Ingår i: Forum Acusticum 2023 - 10th Convention of the European Acoustics Association, EAA 2023. - 2221-3767. - 9788888942674
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vocal problems are common among workers in voice demanding occupations. For sustaining vocal health, it is important to find efficient ways to reduce strain on the voice at work. One way to do so is optimizing the room acoustics for communication. However, we do not know enough about what kind of room acoustic conditions that support voice and speech most efficiently, and if talkers of different ages and sex have different room acoustic needs. The purpose of this project was to investigate how different acoustic environments affect voice and speech in men and women aged 20-72 (N = 80). An experimental set-up was developed for acoustic and visual simulation of different room conditions, using real-time auralization of a speaker's own voice in a 64-loudspeaker array in an anechoic room combined with virtual reality. Room conditions varied in room size, reverberation time and the speaker-oriented room acoustic parameters voice support and room gain. Preliminary results show that men adapt their voice levels more to changes in acoustic conditions compared to women. No effect of age was identified. These results show that male and female talkers respond differently to room acoustic conditions, which suggest that they might not benefit equally from room acoustic improvements.
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