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Sökning: WFRF:(Alahuhta Kirsi)

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1.
  • Lehtonen, Eveliina, et al. (författare)
  • Use of vitamin D supplements during infancy in an international feeding trial.
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - 1368-9800 .- 1475-2727. ; 17:4, s. 810-22
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: To examine the use of vitamin D supplements during infancy among the participants in an international infant feeding trial.DESIGN: Longitudinal study.SETTING: Information about vitamin D supplementation was collected through a validated FFQ at the age of 2 weeks and monthly between the ages of 1 month and 6 months.SUBJECTS: Infants (n 2159) with a biological family member affected by type 1 diabetes and with increased human leucocyte antigen-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes from twelve European countries, the USA, Canada and Australia.RESULTS: Daily use of vitamin D supplements was common during the first 6 months of life in Northern and Central Europe (>80% of the infants), with somewhat lower rates observed in Southern Europe (> 60%). In Canada, vitamin D supplementation was more common among exclusively breast-fed than other infants (e.g., 71% v. 44% at 6 months of age). Less than 2% of infants in the U.S.A. and Australia received any vitamin D supplementation. Higher gestational age, older maternal age and longer maternal education were study-wide associated with greater use of vitamin D supplements.CONCLUSIONS: Most of the infants received vitamin D supplements during the first 6 months of life in the European countries, whereas in Canada only half and in the U.S.A. and Australia very few were given supplementation.
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2.
  • Shefferson, Richard P., et al. (författare)
  • Drivers of vegetative dormancy across herbaceous perennial plant species
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Ecology Letters. - : WILEY. - 1461-023X .- 1461-0248. ; 21:5, s. 724-733
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Vegetative dormancy, that is the temporary absence of aboveground growth for 1year, is paradoxical, because plants cannot photosynthesise or flower during dormant periods. We test ecological and evolutionary hypotheses for its widespread persistence. We show that dormancy has evolved numerous times. Most species displaying dormancy exhibit life-history costs of sprouting, and of dormancy. Short-lived and mycoheterotrophic species have higher proportions of dormant plants than long-lived species and species with other nutritional modes. Foliage loss is associated with higher future dormancy levels, suggesting that carbon limitation promotes dormancy. Maximum dormancy duration is shorter under higher precipitation and at higher latitudes, the latter suggesting an important role for competition or herbivory. Study length affects estimates of some demographic parameters. Our results identify life historical and environmental drivers of dormancy. We also highlight the evolutionary importance of the little understood costs of sprouting and growth, latitudinal stress gradients and mixed nutritional modes.
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