| 1. |
- Abat, F, et al.
(author)
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Current trends in tendinopathy : consensus of the ESSKA basic science committee. Part II
- 2018
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In: Journal of experimental orthopaedics. - : Springer. - 2197-1153. ; 5:38
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The treatment of painful chronic tendinopathy is challenging. Multiple non-invasive and tendon-invasive methods are used. When traditional non-invasive treatments fail, the injections of platelet-rich plasma autologous blood or cortisone have become increasingly favored. However, there is little scientific evidence from human studies supporting injection treatment. As the last resort, intra- or peritendinous open or endoscopic surgery are employed even though these also show varying results. This ESSKA basic science committee current concepts review follows the first part on the biology, biomechanics and anatomy of tendinopathies, to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest treatment options for tendinopathy as reported in the literature.
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| 2. |
- Abat, F., et al.
(author)
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Current trends in tendinopathy : consensus of the ESSKA basic science committee. Part I: biology, biomechanics, anatomy and anexercise-based approach
- 2017
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In: Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics. - : Springer. - 2197-1153. ; 4:1
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Chronic tendinopathies represent a major problem in the clinical practice of sports orthopaedic surgeons, sports doctors and other health professionals involved in the treatment of athletes and patients that perform repetitive actions. The lack of consensus relative to the diagnostic tools and treatment modalities represents a management dilemma for these professionals. With this review, the purpose of the ESSKA Basic Science Committee is to establish guidelines for understanding, diagnosing and treating this complex pathology.
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| 3. |
- Derefeldt, G., et al.
(author)
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Improvement of tactical situation awareness with colour-coded horizontal-situation displays in combat aircraft
- 1999
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In: Displays (Guildford). - 0141-9382 .- 1872-7387. ; 20:4, s. 171-184
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the multi-role combat aircraft Gripen, the monochrome head-down displays in the cockpit are to be upgraded in colour. In the present study, the effects of colour-coded displays on visual search and situation awareness (SA) were studied in a real-time simulation of an air-to-air mission with test pilots as subjects. Gripen's monochrome colour scheme was compared to two chromatic (dichrome, polychrome) colour schemes. A 3×2×2 factorial within subjects design was used; the three colour schemes each with two different background conditions (simple and complex) and two different symbol configurations. The pilot had two tasks during the simulation: (1) to track a manoeuvring aircraft within specified limits by using the head-up display (HUD), and (2) to detect the appearance of a priority target on the head-down horizontal-situation display (HSD). Deviations in flight path angle and reaction times for target detection were recorded. After the test runs, the pilot answered questions and ranked the colour schemes in different respects. The pilot also rated them for SA using a subjective rating technique on cognitive compatibility (CC-SART). The results show that colour is advantageous in comparison to the monochrome display: The ranks on situation awareness and preference ratings were higher for the chromatic schemes, and with the complex background, the reaction times were significantly lower for the polychrome colour code. In summary, the results indicate that colour can improve tactical SA in combat aircraft.
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| 4. |
- Erlandsson, Tina, et al.
(author)
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Challenges in tactical support functions for fighter aircraft
- 2009
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In: Proceedings of the 3rd Skövde workshop on information fusion topics (SWIFT 2009). - Skövde : Högskolan i Skövde. ; , s. 39-43
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper describes challenges for tactical supportfunctions in a fighter aircraft systems with one or severalcooperating members. A short description of the domain ofcooperating fighter aircraft is presented, which is linked totactical support functions using an air-to-air scenario. Themain rationale for developing an advanced tactical supportsystem is to aid the pilot in handling complex time-criticalscenarios and missions involving extensive cooperation.Important research directions include developing qualitymeasures/metrics for situation awareness, methods for proactive tactical support functions, and methods to automaticallyreduce the tactical information gap.
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| 5. |
- Gaida, J, et al.
(author)
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Decreased tumour necrosis factor alpha (tnf-a) in serum of patients with achilles tendinopathy : further evidence against the role of inflammation in the chronic stage
- 2014
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In: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ Groups. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 48:7, s. 597-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Altered expression of several cytokines and growth factors has been shown in biopsies of tendinopathy tissue. Biopsy studies are however challenged by capacity to obtain i) healthy tissue for comparison, ii) multiple samples to monitor cytokine dynamics, and iii) tissue from recent onset tendinopathy. An alternative is to study cytokines in blood samples. Whether cytokines in blood samples reflect tissue levels and the degree of tendinopathy is unknown.OBJECTIVE: To measure serum concentration of six cytokines and growth factors suggested to have a role in tendon response to load among individuals with chronic Achilles tendinopathy and controls.DESIGN: In this cross-sectional study, serum cytokine concentrations were measured from fasting blood samples on the BioPlex-200.SETTING: Sports Medicine Unit, Umeå University.PARTICIPANTS: Participants were recreationally active individuals. Achilles tendinopathy (n=22) was diagnosed on clinical criteria and confirmed with ultrasound examination. The control group (n=10) had no history of tendon pain and had normal ultrasound findings.INDEPENDENT VARIABLES: Serum concentration of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and vascular-derived endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were the independent variables.MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: A diagnosis of Achilles tendinopathy (yes/no) was defined as the key outcome variable prior to data collection.RESULTS: TNF-α concentration was lower in the tendinopathy group than the control group (P=.018); there were no other group differences.CONCLUSIONS: The observations indicate a lowering of the TNF-α concentration in the chronic phase of Achilles tendinopathy. As TNF-α levels are elevated in chronic inflammatory conditions, this reinforces that chronic Achilles tendinopathy is not an inflammatory disorder. Collecting a blood sample to study disease biomarkers leaves the tendon intact and therefore this design can be used to study cytokine dynamics with multiple sampling during disease progression and recovery.
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| 6. |
- Alfredson, Håkan, et al.
(author)
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A treatment algorithm for managing Achilles tendinopathy : new treatment options.
- 2007
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In: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 41:4, s. 211-216
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Achilles tendinopathy affects athletes, recreational exercisers and even inactive people. The pathology is not inflammatory; it is a failed healing response. The source of pain in tendinopathy could be related to the neurovascular ingrowth seen in the tendon's response to injury. The treatment of Achilles tendinopathy is primarily conservative with an array of effective treatment options now available to the primary care practitioner. If conservative treatment is not successful, then surgery relieves pain in the majority of cases. Directing a patient through the algorithm presented here will maximise positive treatment outcomes.
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| 7. |
- Alfredson, J., et al.
(author)
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Design of a distributed human factors laboratory for future air systems
- 2018
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In: 31st Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences, ICAS 2018. - : International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences. - 9783932182884
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents a rationale for structuring a distributed human factors laboratory for future air systems. The distributed herein refers to two aspects: content and geographic. As for content, the laboratory is structured in two levels, namely, individual, and team. As for geographic, the laboratory infrastructure is distributed in three physically separate facilities, namely, Department of Computer and Information Science (IDA) and Department of Management and Engineering (IEI) from Linköping University - Sweden and the Competence Center in Manufacturing from the Aeronautics Institute of Technology (ITA) - Brazil.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Alfredson, J.
(author)
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Individual differences in visual behaviour in simulated flight
- 2002
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In: Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. ; 4662, s. 494-502
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Flying an aircraft is highly visually demanding. It is very important to map pilot visual behaviour, both for the purpose of evaluating the cockpit interface and to effectively integrate it with future adaptive interfaces and decision support systems. Pilots' visual behaviour was studied in two experiments. In the first experiment commercial aviation pilots were flying a commercial aviation scenario and eye point of gaze, and eye blinks were collected. In the second experiment military pilots were flying an air-to-air combat scenario and the visual behaviour was video recorded. In both of the experiments the results show individual differences in the pilots' visual behaviour. In the second experiment two different categories of eye blinks were found that might help explain the individual differences in visual behaviour. One category can be related to the systematic eye blinks found to occur when the eye point of gaze was changed between head-up/head-down and head-down/head-up. The other category could be related to other reasons, such as, mental workload or visual demands.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Gustav, et al.
(author)
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Nerve distributions in insertional Achilles tendinopathy - a comparison of bone, bursae and tendon
- 2017
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In: Histology and Histopathology. - 0213-3911 .- 1699-5848. ; 32:3, s. 263-270
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background/Aim. In a condition of pain in the Achilles tendon insertion there are multiple structures involved, such as the Achilles tendon itself, the retrocalcaneal bursa and a bony protrusion at the calcaneal tuberosity called Haglund's deformity. The innervation patterns of these structures are scarcely described, and the subcutaneous calcaneal bursa is traditionally not considered to be involved in the pathology. This study aimed at describing the innervation patterns of the four structures described above to provide a better understanding of possible origins of pain at the Achilles tendon insertion.Methods. Biopsies were taken from 10 patients with insertional Achilles tendinopathy, which had pathological changes in the subcutaneous and retrocalcaneal bursae, a Haglund deformity and Achilles tendon tendinopathy as verified by ultrasound. The biopsies were stained using immunohistochemistry in order to delineate the innervation patterns in the structures involved in insertional Achilles tendinopathy.Results. Immunohistochemical examinations found that the subcutaneous bursa scored the highest using a semi-quantitative evaluation of the degree of innervation when compared to the retrocalcaneal bursa, the Achilles tendon, and the calcaneal bone.Conclusions. These findings suggest that the subcutaneous bursa, which is traditionally not included in surgical treatment, may be a clinically important factor in insertional Achilles tendinopathy.
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