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- Nilsson Hammar, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Introduction
- 2022
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In: Gender, materiality, and Politics : Essays on the making of power - Essays on the making of power. - 9789189361379 ; , s. 7-21
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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- Almbjär, Martin
(author)
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Consular Complications : The Appointment and Rejection of Swedish Consuls in Eighteenth-Century Spain
- 2024
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In: International History Review. - : Routledge. - 0707-5332 .- 1949-6540. ; , s. 1-15
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The early modern consul was an important economic and diplomatic institution. By the end of the eighteenth century, the number of consuls had increased drastically. However, previous research has failed to appreciate how bilateral relations between states could have a significant impact on how one state’s consular service expanded. Appointments could get rejected or take a long time to secure, not least because the sender state wanted to avoid provoking tensions with the receiving state. In this article, the author explores these themes through the appointment of Swedish consuls in Spain in the eighteenth century. The article shows that the Spanish reticence to accept Swedish appointments had a severe effect on the Swedish consular service in Spain in terms of the speed and scope of its expansion. The Swedish diplomatic corps played a key role in trying to sway the Spanish authorities, and when that failed they circumvented the Spanish state’s rejections of consular appointments by authorizing agents. These agents must also be treated as part of the expansion of the early modern consular service. Their existence begs the question of what a consul really was and if we have underestimated the number of consuls in the eighteenth century.
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- Almbjär, Martin, 1982-
(author)
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Grävandet efter demokratins rötter : Riksdagen och kungamakten 1611–1866
- 2023
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In: Scandia. - : Universus Press. - 0036-5483. ; 89:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this text is to problematize the role of the Riksdag in Swedish political history, circa 1600–1900, and its contribution to modern phenomena such as democracy and universal suffrage. First, the Riksdag representatives on several occasions strengthened the monarchy at the expense of the Riksdag and exchanged long-term institutional influence for gains regarding particular issues. At other times, they were noticeably passive and unable to restrain the monarchy. The Riksdag’s merits as a bastion for popular representation are questionable, and one might argue that between 1611 and 1809, the Riksdag was in a weak position vis-à-vis the king for 94 years (i.e., for almost half this period). However, this changed between 1809 and 1866, despite several similarities in the political framework, as well as political conditions for another shift to a strong monarchy and a weak or disbanded Riksdag. The last period of the old order of the four estates is thus key if we want to understand why the Riksdag finally achieved a strong position among other Swedish political arenas. This issue not only concerns historians, but also people interested in how and why representative assemblies become equally or more legitimate than authoritarian alternatives. As we live in a period in which democratic institutions and values are being questioned, it is important that we understand how they came to beembraced in the first place
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