| 1. |
- Shakir, M. Z., et al.
(författare)
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Interference suppression capabilities of smart cognitive-femto networks (SCFN)
- 2013
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Ingår i: Self-Organization and Green Applications in Cognitive Radio Networks. - : IGI Global. - 9781466628120 ; , s. 111-135
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cognitive Radios are considered a standard part of future heterogeneous mobile network architectures. In this chapter, a two tier heterogeneous network with multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) is considered, namely (1) the secondary network, which comprises of Cognitive-Femto BS (CFBS), and (2) the macrocell network, which is considered a primary network. By exploiting the cooperation among the CFBS, the multiple CFBS can be considered a single base station with multiple geographically dispersed antennas, which can reduce the interference levels by directing the main beam toward the desired femtocell mobile user. The resultant network is referred to as Smart Cognitive-Femto Network (SCFN). In order to determine the effectiveness of the proposed smart network, the interference rejection capabilities of the SCFN is studied. It has been shown that the smart network offers significant performance improvements in interference suppression and Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR) and may be considered a promising solution to the interference management problems in future heterogeneous networks.
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| 2. |
- Atat, Rachad, et al.
(författare)
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Peer-to-peer content sharing techniques for energy efficiency in wireless networks with fast channel variations
- 2013
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Ingår i: Green Networking and Communications: ICT for Sustainability. - : CRC Press. ; , s. 3-28
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- According to the International Telecommunication Union, information and communication technology (ICT) was emitting 0.83 GtCO2e (gigatons of carbon dioxide equivalent), contributing to around 2%-2.5% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 2007 [1]. With the continuous growth of ICT, especially in developing countries, the GHG emissions are expected to grow at double the rate over the next 10 years [1]. The Global e-Sustainability Initiative research is estimating a 72% increase in ICT energy usage from 2007 to 2020 with around 1.43 GtCO2e emissions in 2020 [1]. In addition, the telecommunications industry is witnessing an explosive increase in data traffic especially with the introduction of wireless modems and smart phones and with the presence of more than one billion wireless subscribers today. The data traffic volume is increasing by a factor of 10 every 5 years, leading to an increase of 16%-20% in energy consumption every 5 years [2]. For instance, in India, the mobile telecom industry is considered the fastest-growing sector with 584.3 million subscribers in 2010-2011 with an annual growth rate of 49.15%. It is estimated that the energy consumption of the Indian Mobile Telecom Industry was 163 PJ (petajoules) with 52.66 million tons emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) in 2010-2011 [3]. A user who travels a distance of 25 km using public transport such as car or train can result in 1.22 kg of CO2 emissions, compared to 0.11 kg of CO2 emissions for 1 hour of video conferencing with two laptops [4]. A talk of 2 minutes per day on the phone can produce 47 kg CO2e (equivalent) per year, with a total of 125 million tons of CO2e produced by mobile phones in 1 year [5].
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