| 1. |
- Bosaeus, Marja, et al.
(author)
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Body Composition During Pregnancy: Longitudinal Changes and Method Comparisons
- 2020
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In: Reproductive Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1933-7191 .- 1933-7205. ; :27, s. 1477-1489
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Pregnancy Obesity Nutrition and Child Health study is a longitudinal study of reproductive health. Here we analyzed body composition of normal-weight and obese Swedish women by three methods during each trimester of pregnancy. Cross-sectional and longitudinal fat mass estimates using quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) (Tanita MC-180MA-III) were compared with fat mass determined by air displacement plethysmography (ADP) in pregnancy weeks 8-12, 24-26, and 35-37 in normal-weight women (n = 122, BMI = 22.1 +/- 1.6 kg/m(2)) and obese women (n = 29, BMI = 34.6 +/- 3.6 kg/m(2)). ADP results were calculated from pregnancy-adjusted fat-free mass densities. Mean fat mass by QMR and ADP were similar in obese women, although with wide limits of agreement. In normal-weight women, QMR overestimated mean fat mass in all trimesters, with systematic overestimation at low fat mass values in trimesters 1 and 3. In obese women, fat mass by BIA was grossly underestimated and imprecise in all trimesters, especially at higher values in trimester 2. In normal-weight women, fat mass by BIA was moderately lower than by ADP in trimester 1, similar in trimester 2, and moderately higher in trimester 3. QMR and ADP assessed fat mass changes similarly in obese women, whereas BIA overestimated fat mass changes in normal-weight women. Mean fat mass and fat mass changes by QMR and pregnancy-adjusted ADP were similar in pregnant obese women. Mean fat mass by QMR and fat mass changes by BIA were higher than corresponding values determined by pregnancy-adjusted ADP in normal-weight women.
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| 2. |
- Gustavsson, Carolina, et al.
(author)
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Cerebrospinal fluid levels of insulin, leptin, and agouti-related protein in relation to BMI in pregnant women
- 2016
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In: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381. ; 24:6, s. 1299-1304
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ObjectiveDuring pregnancy, metabolic interactions must be adapted, though neuroendocrine mechanisms for increased food intake are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to characterize differences in insulin, leptin, and agouti-related protein (AgRP) levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in pregnant women with normal weight (NW) and pregnant women with overweight (OW) or obesity (OB). Placenta as a source for increased peripheral AgRP levels during pregnancy was also investigated. MethodsWomen were recruited at admission for elective cesarean section. Insulin, AgRP, and leptin were measured in serum and CSF from 30 NW, 25 OW, and 21 OB at term. Serum during pregnancy and placenta at term were collected for further AgRP analysis. ResultsImmunohistology showed placental production of AgRP and serum AgRP levels increased throughout pregnancy. CSF AgRP, leptin, and insulin levels were higher in OW and OB than NW. Serum leptin and insulin levels were higher and AgRP lower in OB than NW. ConclusionsHigh serum AgRP levels might protect from the suppressive effects of leptin during pregnancy. Pregnant women with OB and OW might further be protected from the suppressive effect of leptin by high CSF AgRP levels. Evidence was found, for the first time, of human placental AgRP production mirrored by levels in the circulation.
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| 3. |
- Marcusson, Jan, et al.
(author)
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Proactive healthcare for frail elderly persons : study protocol for a prospective controlled primary care intervention in Sweden
- 2019
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In: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 9:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction The provision of healthcare services is not dedicated to promoting maintenance of function and does not target frail older persons at high risk of the main causes of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of a proactive medical and social intervention in comparison with conventional care on a group of persons aged 75 and older selected by statistical prediction.Methods and analysis In a pragmatic multicentre primary care setting (n=1600), a prediction model to find elderly (75+) persons at high risk of complex medical care or hospitalisation is used, followed by proactive medical and social care, in comparison with usual care. The study started in April 2017 with a run-in period until December 2017, followed by a 2-year continued intervention phase that will continue until the end of December 2019. The intervention includes several tools (multiprofessional team for rehabilitation, social support, medical care home visits and telephone support). Primary outcome measures are healthcare cost, number of hospital care episodes, hospital care days and mortality. Secondary outcome measures are number of outpatient visits, cost of social care and informal care, number of prescribed drugs, health-related quality of life, cost-effectiveness, sense of security, functional status and ability. We also study the care of elderly persons in a broader sense, by covering the perspectives of the patients, the professional staff and the management, and on a political level, by using semistructured interviews, qualitative methods and a questionnaire.Ethics and dissemination Approved by the regional ethical review board in Linköping (Dnr 2016/347-31). The results will be presented in scientific journals and scientific meetings during 2019–2022 and are planned to be used for the development of future care models.
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| 4. |
- Vaitkevicius, Karolis, et al.
(author)
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A Vibrio cholerae protease needed for killing of Caenorhabditis elegans has a role in protection from natural predator grazing
- 2006
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In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 103:24, s. 9280-9285
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Vibrio cholerae is the causal bacterium of the diarrheal disease cholera, and its growth and survival are thought to be curtailed by bacteriovorous predators, e.g., ciliates and flagellates. We explored Caenorhabditis elegans as a test organism after finding that V. cholerae can cause lethal infection of this nematode. By reverse genetics we identified an extracellular protease, the previously uncharacterized PrtV protein, as being necessary for killing. The killing effect is associated with the colonization of bacteria within the Caenorhabditis elegans intestine. We also show that PrtV is essential for V. cholerae in the bacterial survival from grazing by the flagellate Cafeteria roenbergensis and the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis. The PrtV protein appears to have an indirect role in the interaction of V. cholerae with mammalian host cells as judged from tests with tight monolayers of human intestinal epithelial cells. Our results demonstrate a key role for PrtV in V. cholerae interaction with grazing predators, and we establish Caenorhabditis elegans as a convenient organism for identification of V. cholerae factors involved in host interactions and environmental persistence.
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| 5. |
- Andersson Hall, Ulrica, et al.
(author)
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Growth differentiation factor 15 increases in both cerebrospinal fluid and serum during pregnancy
- 2021
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In: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 16:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) increases in serum during pregnancy to levels not seen in any other physiological state and is suggested to be involved in pregnancy-induced nausea, weight regulation and glucose metabolism. The main action of GDF15 is regulated through a receptor of the brainstem, i.e., through exposure of GDF15 in both blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The aim of the current study was to measure GDF15 in both CSF and serum during pregnancy, and to compare it longitudinally to non-pregnant levels. Methods Women were sampled at elective caesarean section (n = 45, BMI = 28.15.0) and were followed up 5 years after pregnancy (n = 25). GDF15, insulin and leptin were measured in CSF and serum. Additional measurements included plasma glucose, and serum adiponectin and Hs-CRP. Results GDF15 levels were higher during pregnancy compared with follow-up in both CSF (385 +/- 128 vs. 115 +/- 32 ng/l, P<0.001) and serum (7378929198 vs. 404 +/- 102 ng/l, P<0.001). CSF levels correlated with serum levels during pregnancy (P<0.001), but not in the non-pregnant state (P = 0.98). Both CSF and serum GDF15 were highest in women carrying a female fetus (P<0.001). Serum GDF15 correlated with the homeostatic model assessment for beta-cell function and placental weight, and CSF GDF15 correlated inversely with CSF insulin levels. Conclusion This, the first study to measure CSF GDF15 during pregnancy, demonstrated increased GDF15 levels in both serum and CSF during pregnancy. The results suggest that effects of GDF15 during pregnancy can be mediated by increases in both CSF and serum levels.
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| 6. |
- Andersson-Nordström, Agneta, 1958-
(author)
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Flagellates in the marine microbial food web : the ecology of a mixotrophic nanoflagellate, Ochromonas sp.
- 1989
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Nanoflagellates were found to be abundant in a coastal area of the northern Bothnian Sea. The maximum concentration of nanoflagellates, approximately 8000 cells ml-1, was observed in July, coinciding with a decrease in the abundance of cyanobacteria. Pigmented and non-pigmented nanoflagellates were approximately equally distributed throughout the year. Most of the identified genera are known as being phagotrophic, independent if autotrophic or not.A non-cyst-forming pigmented flagellate, Ochromonas sp., was isolated and nutritionally characterized. This chrysophycean flagellate was shown to be a mainly heterotrophic organism: Photosynthesis was too poor to support multiplication of the cells, whereas when feeding on bacteria, high growth rates were obtained. The biological function of the photosynthetic apparatus is suggested to be a survival mechanism during poor bacterial conditions.The flagellate grazed bacteria selectively, preferring cyanobacteria and large cells of heterotrophic bacteria, presumably depending on size-selective grazing. Despite higher growth rates of the bacteria in the sea during summer (July) than spring (May), heterotrophic bacteria in the sea was observed to be smaller in the summer. Nanoflagellates showed a maximum in July, and by selective grazing of large bacteria they might have caused the decrease in the average size of the bacteria and the decrease in the abundance of cyanobacteria.During the consumption of bacteria the flagellate was shown to remineralize nutrients at high rates and excrete dissolved free amino acids. Assuming the existence of a protozoan predator-prey chain of several trophic levels, it seems likely that a significant part of the nutrients fixed by primary producers is remineralized in the euphotic zone. Furthermore, data from this work indicate that flagellate activity may be a significant source of dissolved free amino acids, utilizable for the heterotrophic bacteria.
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| 7. |
- Bendtsen, Preben, et al.
(author)
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Referral to an electronic screening and brief alcohol intervention in primary health care in Sweden : Impact of staff referral to the computer
- 2011
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In: International Journal of Telemedicine and Applications. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-6415 .- 1687-6423. ; 918763
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this paper was to evaluate whether primary health care staff's referral of patients to perform an electronic screening and brief intervention (e-SBI) for alcohol use had a greater impact on change in alcohol consumption after 3 month, compared to patients who performed the test on their own initiative. Staff-referred responders reported reduced weekly alcohol consumption with an average decrease of 8.4 grams. In contrast, self-referred responders reported an average increase in weekly alcohol consumption of 2.4 grams. Staff-referred responders reported a 49 reduction of average number of heavy episodic drinking (HED) occasions per month. The corresponding reduction for self-referred responders was 62. The differences between staff- and self-referred patient groups in the number who moved from risky drinking to nonrisky drinking at the followup were not statistically significant. Our results indicate that standalone computers with touchscreens that provide e-SBIs for risky drinking have the same effect on drinking behaviour in both staff-referred patients and self-referred patients. Copyright © 2011 Preben Bendtsen et al.
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| 8. |
- Bosaeus, Marja, et al.
(author)
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A randomized longitudinal dietary intervention study during pregnancy: effects on fish intake, phospholipids, and body composition
- 2015
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In: Nutrition Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2891. ; 14:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Fish and meat intake may affect gestational weight gain, body composition and serum fatty acids. We aimed to determine whether a longitudinal dietary intervention during pregnancy could increase fish intake, affect serum phospholipid fatty acids, gestational weight gain and body composition changes during pregnancy in women of normal weight participating in the Pregnancy Obesity Nutrition and Child Health study. A second aim was to study possible effects in early pregnancy of fish intake and meat intake, respectively, on serum phospholipid fatty acids, gestational weight gain, and body composition changes during pregnancy. Methods In this prospective, randomized controlled study, women were allocated to a control group or to a dietary counseling group that focused on increasing fish intake. Fat mass and fat-free mass were measured by air-displacement plethysmography. Reported intake of fish and meat was collected from a baseline population and from a subgroup of women who participated in each trimester of their pregnancies. Serum levels of phospholipid arachidonic acid (s-ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (s-EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (s-DHA) were measured during each trimester. Results Weekly fish intake increased only in the intervention group (n=18) from the first to the second trimester (median difference 113 g, p=0.03) and from the first to the third trimester (median difference 75 g, p=0.01). In the first trimester, fish intake correlated with s-EPA (r=0.36, p=0.002, n=69) and s-DHA (r=0.34, p=0.005, n=69), and meat intake correlated with s-ARA (r=0.28, p=0.02, n=69). Fat-free mass gain correlated with reported meat intake in the first trimester (r=0.39, p=0.01, n=45). Conclusions Dietary counseling throughout pregnancy could help women increase their fish intake. Intake of meat in early pregnancy may increase the gain in fat-free mass during pregnancy.
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| 9. |
- Dahlgren, Kristin, 1979-, et al.
(author)
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Influence of plankton structure and temperature on pelagic food web efficiency in a brackish water system
- 2011
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In: Aquatic Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1386-2588 .- 1573-5125. ; 45, s. 307-323
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- As part of one climate change scenario, water temperature as well as the ratio between heterotrophic and autotrophic production is expected to increase; the latter at least in higher latitudes. In order to test how this scenario would affect organisms, such as metazooplankton, at higher trophic levels and carbon transfer up the food chain, a mesocosm experiment was performed at two different temperatures; 5 and 10°C, with two food webs; one phytoplankton-based (NP; autotrophic) and one bacteria-based (CNP; heterotrophic). The groups of pelagic organisms included in the mesocosms were bacteria, flagellates, ciliates, phytoplankton and metazooplankton. Metazooplankton production was observed to increase with temperature, but was not significantly affected by food web structure. A change in food web structure, i.e. increased heterotrophy, did however lead to decreased fatty acid content and lower individual weight of the metazooplankton. Food web efficiency (FWE), defined as metazooplankton production divided by basal production, increased with autotrophy and temperature: 5CNP (0.2%) < 10CNP (0.4%) < 5NP (1.2%) < 10NP (7.3%). Our results indicate that in the climate change scenario under consideration, the temperature will have a positive effect on FWE whereas the increase in heterotrophy will have a negative effect on FWE. Furthermore, the quality, in terms of fatty acid content and individual weight of the metazooplankton, will be reduced with possible negative effects on higher trophic levels.
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| 10. |
- Dahlgren, Kristin, 1979-, et al.
(author)
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Planktonic production and carbon transfer efficiency along a north-south gradient in the Baltic sea
- 2010
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In: Marine Ecology Progress Series. - : Inter-Research. - 0171-8630 .- 1616-1599. ; 409, s. 77-94
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A 1 yr study was conducted along a brackish-water production gradient to enhance the understanding of factors governing pelagic food web function. This was achieved by measuring carbon transfer efficiency (TE) from the basal resource to an intermediate trophic level. TE was defined as mesozooplankton carbon consumption rate divided by production at the basal trophic level, which is composed of phytoplankton and bacteria. A north–south transect in the Baltic Sea was used as a model system, with 2 stations each in the Bothnian Bay, Bothnian Sea and Baltic Proper being sampled 5 to 8× during 2006. In addition, data from monitoring programmes were used, which comprised 10 to 22 samplings stn–1. TE was expected to be governed by the size distribution of phytoplankton and due to the nutrient gradient, we expected to find an optimal cell size, and thus also a high TE, in the intermediate-productive Bothnian Sea. The basal production during summer/autumn increased 5-fold from north to south, while the mesozooplankton carbon consumption rate exhibited a peak inthe Bothnian Sea, being ~3× higher than in both Bothnian Bay and Baltic Proper. TE was found to be intermediate in the Bothnian Bay (average: 0.8), highest in the Bothnian Sea (1.6), and lowest in the Baltic Proper (0.2). We suggest that the variation in carbon transfer efficiency can be explained by the composition of the phytoplankton community, the abundance balance between copepods and cladocerans, as well as the species composition of mesozooplankton in relation to the size structure of phytoplankton.
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