| 1. |
- Andersson, Jan, 1965-, et al.
(author)
-
Regeringsuppdrag synfält : utredning om förutsättningar för undantag från de medicinska kraven för individer med synfältsbortfall
- 2022
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I regeringsuppdraget (I2021/ 02412) framgår att VTI, i samarbete med Trafikverket och Transportstyrelsen, ska utreda förutsättningarna för undantagshantering från de medicinska föreskrifterna med avseende på synfältsbortfall (B-körkort). Vidare ska tre aspekter beaktas: hur andra länder gör, konsekvenser för den enskilde samt samhällsekonomiska konsekvenser. Slutrapporten påvisar att Sverige med gällande rättsligt ramverk inte kan genomföra de förslag som slutrapporten föreslår. Det innebär att det kommer att krävas juridiska förändringar. Givet att dessa förändringar genomförs och att ett nytt förfaringssätt nyttjas visar slutrapporten på att a) positiva effekter för den enskilde individen uppstår, b) samhällsekonomiska vinster uppstår och c) en rättssäker och rättvis prövning är möjlig. Slutrapporten redovisar dessutom hur ett urval av andra länder har hanterat handläggningen av individer med synfältsbortfall givet samma EU-direktiv som Sverige regleras av. Det framgår också av undersökningen att samtliga länder, som en förutsättning för undantag från de föreskrivna kraven avseende synfält, tillämpar krav eller rekommendationer om att ett praktiskt körprov ska utgöra del i underlaget för bedömning av körförmågan. Kunskapsläget med avseende på körförmågebedömningar för individer med synfältsbortfall redovisas och där framgår med tydlighet att perimetrin som Sverige utnyttjar som underlag för återkallelse av körkort inte kan predicera individers körförmåga. Perimetrin är dock viktig eftersom individer med synfältsbortfall som grupp kan vara olämpliga förare. Slutsatsen som forskningslitteraturen enstämmigt lyfter är att det behövs förarprov (på väg eller i en simulator) för att kunna genomföra en valid bedömning. Slutligen innehåller slutrapporten vilka problem (aktiviteter) som kvarstår för att skapa en lämplig och kvalitetssäkrad process. Dessutom presenteras den kronologiska ordning på aktiviteter som behöver genomföras. Kronologin krävs eftersom resultatet av lämplig metod och aktör påverkar det vidare arbetet med avseende på utformning av körprov och rättsligt ramverk. Slutrapportens slutsats är att Sverige har möjligheten att genomföra en förändring med avsevärda nyttor. Detta eftersom de valda aktörerna och de valda metoderna existerar idag och därför endast behöver utvecklas i viss mån för att säkerställa att individer med synfältsbortfall erbjuds en kvalitetssäkrad, rättssäker och rättvis process som dessutom bedöms vara samhällsekonomiskt lönsam.
|
|
| 2. |
- Nåbo, Arne, 1958-, et al.
(author)
-
Regeringsuppdrag om elektrifieringen av transporter : rekommendationer för att underlätta datadelning och nyttiggörande av data för planering, utveckling och drift av laddinfrastruktur och affärsmodeller
- 2023
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Regeringen har uppdragit åt Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut (VTI) att ”bidra till kunskapsuppbyggnaden kring en snabb, smart och samhällsekonomiskt effektiv elektrifiering av transportsektorn”. Den här rapporten redovisar den del av uppdraget som handlar om att genomföra pilotprojekt och ta fram modeller för hur data i praktiken på bästa sätt kan tillgängliggöras, delas och nyttiggöras för att optimera planering, utveckling, drift samt affärsmodeller för laddinfrastruktur. I rapporten ges en beskrivning av förekommande tekniker för laddning av elfordon, viktiga användarperspektiv, och hur affärsmodeller och system för laddinfrastruktur kan modelleras. Rapporten fokuserar på datadelning och beskriver hur aktörer idag delar data samt vilka svårigheter de ser med datadelning. Detta omfattar bland annat datatillgänglighet, delning och nyttiggörande, samt hur aktörerna vill att det ska fungera framåt. En stor utmaning handlar om datatillgänglighet, där aktörer dels ser problem med att få tillgång till data och dels är avvaktande till att vilja dela med sig av egna data. Ofta handlar det om integritetsfrågor och reglering enligt GDPR. Betydelsen av en väl fungerande samverkan mellan energi- och transportsektorn har lyfts i tidigare rapporteringar från det här uppdraget. Vikten av en digitalisering och digital infrastruktur som kopplar samman dessa sektorer betonas speciellt i detta arbete. Digitalisering behövs för att effektivisera planering, utveckling och drift av den infrastruktur som ett elektrifierat transportsystem kräver. De modelleringar som gjorts i den här delen av uppdraget handlar om transportmodellering och energimodellering samt utveckling för att få modellerna att samspela.
|
|
| 3. |
- Almestrand Linné, Philip, 1982-, et al.
(author)
-
Regulating Road Vehicle Teleoperation : Back to the Near Future
- 2021
-
In: IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781665479219 ; , s. 135-140
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Due to the many remaining obstacles before reliability and safety can sufficiently be guaranteed for high-level automated vehicles (AVs), teleoperation or remote operation of partially automated vehicles by a human driver has become increasingly interesting to consider. However, remote operation, including remote driving, has so far only received little attention in legal scientific and transportation literature. This paper aims to establish some basic legal matters for remote driving by examining its regulatory development in three different jurisdictions. A combination of methods is employed including an examination of literature regarding AVs and their regulation. The main result is that current regulation in the examined jurisdictions intentionally addresses a future with high-level AVs, but to a large extent excludes regulatory details for remote operation. In conclusion, this paper argues that both present and coming regulation for automated vehicles ought to be more near future-oriented and address the concept of remote operation more explicitly. This, for regulation to be better in touch with current technology, for the benefit of a wider acceptance in society, for legal certainty, but also for innovation support and stability for investments in technology. © 2021 IEEE.
|
|
| 4. |
- Andersson, Jeanette, 1968-, et al.
(author)
-
Fjärroperatörens roll och ansvar : Introduktion av en ny rollbesättning i sjöfarten
- 2023
-
In: Tidskrift i Sjöväsendet. - Karlskrona : Kungl. Örlogsmannasällskapet. - 0040-6945. ; 186:2, s. 191-201
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Remote operation of ships is a fundamental concept for the introduction of autonomous shipping. The legal challenges associated with remote operation, despite their crucial importance for the transformation of shipping, have so far received relatively limited attention. The remote operator’s role and responsibilities can be seen as key issues in this context and are discussed and highlighted in this article. A crucial question to clarify from a legal perspective is who or which actor the term remote operator aims at. Also, which tasks and duties do remote operation involve and how does the distribution of these responsibilities look like between different people involved in the operation of a remotely operated ship? Another closely related question in this context is which requirements of competence, skills and training are necessary or relevant for remote operation of a vessel from a remote operation center.These questions are discussed and analysed below. A summary conclusion of the authors is that the introduction of autonomous shipping and remote operation will require a new kind of role set-up and division of labor between the various actors within the shipping industry. This may necessitate the introduction of new legal actors. Also, the legal challenges and the resulting uncertainty need to be addressed at the national level to remove or reduce obstacles to the industry’s development. Thus, a regulatory review is necessary to achieve this purpose.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Andersson, Jeanette, 1968-
(author)
-
Omsorgsplikt och god sed i avtal om shipmanagement
- 2018
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Under Swedish law a service provider’s performance is pervaded by a duty of care (Swe: omsorgsplikt). The study deals with the meaning and significance of the duty of care in a ship management contract under which a shipmanager undertakes to carry out one or several management services in respect of the vessel as agents for and on behalf of a shipowner. The study is mainly focused on the shipmanager’s duty of care and duty to perform the management services in accordance with sound ship management practice as set out in the standard ship management agreement SHIPMAN 2009.The first aim of the study is to analyze and systematize the shipmanager’s duty of care in a ship management agreement. The second aim of the study is to analyze what it means to provide management services in accordance with sound ship management practice. Thirdly, the shipmanager’s duty of care is examined in relation to a service provider’s general duty of care in long term commercial relationships. To achieve these aims, a number of research questions are examined, namely:Regarding the meaning and extent of a shipmanager’s duty of care: What is the relevance and meaning of a service provider’s duties to act in accordance with the mandate and in the interest of the client, to follow the client’s directions, to perform the service professionally, to act with care when choosing a counterparty to the prospective contract, to take good care of the client’s property, and to give account for the services?Regarding the question of sound ship management practice: How does the shipmanager’s duty of care differ from the duty to perform the management services in accordance with sound ship management? Which duties to act with care and in accordancewith sound ship management practice could be required from the shipmanager as regards specific ship management processes such as the vessel operating budget, the vessel operating report, and the use of safety and quality management systems.In addition, the sanctions and legal consequences of a breach of the duty of care are analyzed briefly.The study is based on a problem- and interestoriented methodological approach with teleological considerations and weighing of different interests. Also, the study of the meaning and significance of the shipmanager’s duty of care includes certain internal as well as external comparative elements. A number of different theories of the duty of care are examined and analyzed.The conclusions of the study are summarised in Chapter 8. One general conclusion is that the shipmanager’s duty of care and duty to perform the management services in accordance with sound ship management practice could be viewed and serve as a management control function towards the interests of the contractual promise, the contractual relationship as well as the interest of sustainability respectively.
|
|
| 7. |
- Andersson, Jeanette, 1968-, et al.
(author)
-
Sjöfartens intresse av havsutrymme i ljuset av en ökad vindkraftsutbyggnad del 1 - Juridiska aspekter : En förstudie om sjöfartens rättsliga förutsättningar i den ekonomiska zonen vid planering och beslut om vindkraftsetablering
- 2024
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Previously, maritime activities such as trade and fishing have been the sole activities at sea. However, with the increased need for renewable energy, the ocean has begun to be utilized for energy extraction, competing for space with maritime activities. In order to effectively plan for the use of the oceans, the EU has adopted a maritime spatial planning directive. Sweden's first maritime spatial plan was established in 2022, and currently, there is an investigation underway regarding amendments to the previously established plans to facilitate the expansion of wind power by an additional 90 terawatt hours (TWh). This pre-study examines the extent to which the interests of maritime activities are legally considered in the previously established maritime spatial plans, how they are proposed to be considered in the upcoming plans, and in the subsequent permit assessments. The focus of the pre-study is on the legal conditions within the exclusive economic zone.
|
|
| 8. |
- Aramrattana, Maytheewat, 1988-, et al.
(author)
-
Remote Driving Operation (REDO) project : final report
- 2023
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This report presents experimental setups and findings from the REDO project, which had been conducted between December 2019 and February 2023. Five main topics are covered in this report: 1) Effects of latency and field-of-view on driving performance; 2) Remote driving feedback and control; 3) Connectivity and mobile network support for remote driving; 4) Video transmission for remote driving; and 5) Laws and regulations concerning remote driving. Contents of this report dives into technical details and findings within each topic. Nevertheless, this report does not intend to repeat all detail and results published in scientific publications, and thus this report should be seen as complementary material to the published results.
|
|
| 9. |
- Eriksson, Daniel, et al.
(author)
-
Common genetic variation in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) locus is associated with autoimmune Addison’s disease in Sweden
- 2018
-
In: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 8:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Autoimmune Addison's disease (AAD) is the predominating cause of primary adrenal failure. Despite its high heritability, the rarity of disease has long made candidate-gene studies the only feasible methodology for genetic studies. Here we conducted a comprehensive reinvestigation of suggested AAD risk loci and more than 1800 candidate genes with associated regulatory elements in 479 patients with AAD and 2394 controls. Our analysis enabled us to replicate many risk variants, but several other previously suggested risk variants failed confirmation. By exploring the full set of 1800 candidate genes, we further identified common variation in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) as a novel risk locus associated to sporadic AAD in our study. Our findings not only confirm that multiple loci are associated with disease risk, but also show to what extent the multiple risk loci jointly associate to AAD. In total, risk loci discovered to date only explain about 7% of variance in liability to AAD in our study population.
|
|
| 10. |
- Eriksson, D, et al.
(author)
-
Extended exome sequencing identifies BACH2 as a novel major risk locus for Addison's disease
- 2016
-
In: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 286:6, s. 595-608
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Autoimmune disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Addison's disease, the adrenal glands are targeted by destructive autoimmunity. Despite being the most common cause of primary adrenal failure, little is known about its aetiology.METHODS: To understand the genetic background of Addison's disease, we utilized the extensively characterized patients of the Swedish Addison Registry. We developed an extended exome capture array comprising a selected set of 1853 genes and their potential regulatory elements, for the purpose of sequencing 479 patients with Addison's disease and 1394 controls.RESULTS: We identified BACH2 (rs62408233-A, OR = 2.01 (1.71-2.37), P = 1.66 × 10(-15) , MAF 0.46/0.29 in cases/controls) as a novel gene associated with Addison's disease development. We also confirmed the previously known associations with the HLA complex.CONCLUSION: Whilst BACH2 has been previously reported to associate with organ-specific autoimmune diseases co-inherited with Addison's disease, we have identified BACH2 as a major risk locus in Addison's disease, independent of concomitant autoimmune diseases. Our results may enable future research towards preventive disease treatment.
|
|
