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- Aqueveque, Pedro, et al.
(author)
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Antifungal activities of extracts produced by liquid fermentations of Chilean Stereum species against Botrytis cinerea (grey mould agent)
- 2016
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In: Crop Protection. - : Elsevier BV. - 0261-2194. ; 89, s. 95-100
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Extracts obtained from liquid mycelial fermentations of Chilean species of the Stereum genus showed antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea. Thirty-six strains were evaluated in vivo and in vitro assays, 25 belonging to Stereum hirsutum (Sh) and 11 to Stereum rameale (Sr). Two types of extracts were obtained: EtOAc-extract (liquid phase) and MeOH-extract (mycelial phase). Plate diffusion assay showed that EtOAc-extracts were more active than MeOH-extracts. S. hirsutum included 4 strains with the highest antifungal activity (Sh134-11, Sh144-11, Sh152-11, Sh155-11) and S. rameale highlighted with two strains (Sr25-11, Sr27-11). Effects on the mycelial growth of B. cinerea showed that EtOAc-extracts produced by S. hirsutum (Sh134-11, Sh152-11) inhibited from 1000 μg mL−1, reaching 67 and 49%, respectively. At 2000 μg mL−1, these strains inhibited nearly 80% of mycelial growth. EtOAc-extract of Sh134-11 was more effective to control the sporogenesis, inhibiting in 100% the sporulation at 500 μg mL−1. Assays showed that Sh134-11 and Sh152-11 exhibited a minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 50 and 100 μg mL−1 respectively and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) at 20 μg mL−1. EtOAc-extracts of Sr25-11 and Sr27-11 showed MFC value at 100 μg mL−1 and MIC at 20 and 50 μg mL−1, respectively. Strawberries treated with 1000 μg mL−1of Sh134-11 and Sr25-11 reached 82 and 72% of decay inhibition, respectively. Treatments with 2000 μg mL−1 showed a decay inhibition of 90% approximately. In vivo tests are in accordance with the results obtained in vitro assays, confirming the efficacy of Sh134-11 and Sr25-11 to control B. cinerea. Differences in antifungal activities observed in the different strains suggested that the ability to produce bioactive compounds is not homogenously distributed among S. hirsutum and S. rameale. Our study would suggest that submerged fermentations of Chilean S. hirsutum strain Sh134-11 produce extracts, which could be used as possible biofungicides and an alternative to synthetic fungicides.
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| 3. |
- Aqueveque, Pedro, et al.
(author)
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Antifungal activities of secondary metabolites isolated from liquid fermentations of Stereum hirsutum (Sh134-11) against Botrytis cinerea (grey mould agent)
- 2017
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In: Food and Chemical Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0278-6915. ; 109, s. 1048-1054
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Extracts obtained from liquid mycelial fermentations of the Chilean fungus Stereum hirsutum (Sh134-11) showed antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea. Two types of extracts were obtained: EtOAc-extract (liquid phase) and MeOH-extract (mycelial phase). Plate diffusion assay showed that EtOAc-extracts were more active than MeOH-extracts. A large-scale fermentation of Sh134-11 and chromatographic methods allowed to isolated four compounds: MS-3, Vibralactone, Vibralactone B and Sterenin D. Only Sterenin D showed antifungal activity against B. cinerea in the tests performed. Effects on the mycelial growth of B. cinerea showed that Sterenin D showed inhibition at 1000-2000 μg/mL reaching 67% and 76% respectively. Sterenin D was more effective to control the sporogenesis, inhibiting in 96% the sporulation at 500 μg/mL. Assays showed that Sterenin D exhibited a minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 50 μg/mL and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) at 20 μg/mL.Our study indicated that submerged fermentations of Chilean S. hirsutum (Sh134-11) produced extracts with antifungal activity and Sterenin D is responsible for this activity, which could be used as possible biofungicides alternative to synthetic fungicides.
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- Bravo-Arrepol, Gastón, et al.
(author)
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ISOLATED LIGNANS OF ARAUCARIA ARAUCANA (MOLINA) K. KOCH PROVIDE WOOD PROTECTION AGAINST ATTACK BY THE XYLOPHAGOUS FUNGUS PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS (JACQ.) P. KUMM
- 2023
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In: Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society. - 0717-9324. ; 68:2, s. 5871-5875
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Araucaria araucana (Molina) K. Koch is an evergreen conifer endemic of Southern Chile and it is considered a sacred tree by the Pehuenche originary people. A. araucana is endangered in the red book. The knots wood of A. araucana are resistant to biological degradation, due to producing a high amount of lignans, even after the decomposition of the tree is possible to find its knots in the forest. In the present study the chemical composition of three wood tissue of A. araucana; knotwood, stemwood, and branches were analyzed by HPTLC-MS, GC-MS, and NMR. Three lignans were purified and identified as eudesmin (1), ((1S,2R,3R) 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrona phthalene-2,3-diyl) dimethanol (2) and secoisolarisiresinol (3). Folin-Ciocalteu, DPPH and resistance to biodegradation assays were evaluated to extracts from compressed wood zones. Eudesmin was identified as the principal lignan in knots with a 0.5%w/w and outperformed the fungicide Nipacide® P511 in protecting wood against xylophage fungi Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm.
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| 5. |
- Richards, Stephen, et al.
(author)
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The genome of the model beetle and pest Tribolium castaneum.
- 2008
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In: Nature. - 1476-4687. ; 452:7190, s. 949-55
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tribolium castaneum is a representative of earth’s most numerous eukaryotic order, a powerful model organism for the study of generalized insect development, and also an important pest of stored agricultural products. We describe its genome sequence here. This omnivorous beetle has evolved an ability to interact with a diverse chemical environment as evidenced by large expansions in odorant and gustatory receptors, as well as p450 and other detoxification enzymes. Developmental patterns in Tribolium are more representative of other arthropods than those found in Drosophila, a fact represented in gene content and function. For one, Tribolium has retained more ancestral genes involved in cell-cell communication than Drosophila, and some are expressed in the growth zone crucial for axial elongation in short germ development. Systemic RNAi in T. castaneum appears to use mechanisms distinct from those found in C. elegans, but nevertheless offers similar power for the elucidation of gene function and identification of targets for selective insect control.
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- Watson, Hunna J., et al.
(author)
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Common Genetic Variation and Age of Onset of Anorexia Nervosa
- 2022
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In: BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE. - : Elsevier BV. - 2667-1743. ; 2:4, s. 368-378
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Genetics and biology may influence the age of onset of anorexia nervosa (AN). The aims of this study were to determine whether common genetic variation contributes to age of onset of AN and to investigate the genetic associations between age of onset of AN and age at menarche.METHODS: A secondary analysis of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium genome-wide association study (GWAS) of AN was performed, which included 9335 cases and 31,981 screened controls, all from European ancestries. We conducted GWASs of age of onset, early-onset AN (,13 years), and typical-onset AN, and genetic correlation, genetic risk score, and Mendelian randomization analyses.RESULTS: Two loci were genome-wide significant in the typical-onset AN GWAS. Heritability estimates (single nucleotide polymorphism-h2) were 0.01-0.04 for age of onset, 0.16-0.25 for early-onset AN, and 0.17-0.25 for typical-onset AN. Early-and typical-onset AN showed distinct genetic correlation patterns with putative risk factors for AN. Specifically, early-onset AN was significantly genetically correlated with younger age at menarche, and typical-onset AN was significantly negatively genetically correlated with anthropometric traits. Genetic risk scores for age of onset and early-onset AN estimated from independent GWASs significantly predicted age of onset. Mendelian randomization analysis suggested a causal link between younger age at menarche and early -onset AN.CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide evidence consistent with a common variant genetic basis for age of onset and implicate biological pathways regulating menarche and reproduction.
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