| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Aspegren, H., et al.
(författare)
-
The Urban Water System - a Future Swedish Perspective
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Water Science and Technology. - 0273-1223. ; 35:9, s. 33-44
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is argued, that the use of water can no longer be regarded as an almost free commodity. The idea to assess and value the environmental impact of the water use represents a true change of paradigm. The key issue is that any future wastewater treatment system has to be evaluated according to a quantitative criterion. This has to consider: •hygienic aspects: we believe that nobody will accept a lower hygienic standard than today. •environmental impact: the wastewater impact on the environment has steadily increased the need for better treatment. We need to be prepared for changes in the society by having a readiness manifested as continuing dynamic research environment in this area. Too often the knowledge build-up has been re-active instead of pro-active. •economising resources: wastewater treatment looks and probably should look quite different in densely populated urban areas and in rural areas. Considering resource handling one has to consider already invested capital costs, land use, water re-use, organic and nutrient use and re-use, as well as overall use of energy. •user aspects: technical functionality, economy and liability in different aspects require profound consideration. A sustainable wastewater treatment has to adapt to a local environment and the total resource demand has to be calculated, including a direct environmental impact on receiving waters, air and soil as well as energy consumption and nutrient recycling. Thus, there is an apparent need for. •quantitative performance index: the quest for sustainable development has to be based on objective reasons as well as subjective ones. An integrated performance index is part of a necessary decision making model for the design and operation of wastewater treatment systems. In this index, it is evident that a trade-off should be made between the pursued quality of the process outputs (liquid, solids, gas) and the associated efforts (investments, operation) required to achieve this considering the inputs (wastewater). In order to make this trade-off, however, a common framework is needed to quantitatively compare the different objectives. A metric to judge the sustainability of different options will facilitate a fruitful dialogue between e.g. politicians, ecologists, engineers and economists. Only a truly interdisciplinary approach can help to solve the challenges ahead.
|
|
| 4. |
- Asplund, Annika, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
One Standardized Differentiation Procedure Robustly Generates Homogenous Hepatocyte Cultures Displaying Metabolic Diversity from a Large Panel of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Stem Cell Reviews and Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1550-8943 .- 1558-6804. ; 12:1, s. 90-104
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human hepatocytes display substantial functional inter-individual variation regarding drug metabolizing functions. In order to investigate if this diversity is mirrored in hepatocytes derived from different human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) lines, we evaluated 25 hPSC lines originating from 24 different donors for hepatic differentiation and functionality. Homogenous hepatocyte cultures could be derived from all hPSC lines using one standardized differentiation procedure. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of a standardized hepatic differentiation procedure that is generally applicable across a large panel of hPSC lines without any adaptations to individual lines. Importantly, with regard to functional aspects, such as Cytochrome P450 activities, we observed that hepatocytes derived from different hPSC lines displayed inter-individual variation characteristic for primary hepatocytes obtained from different donors, while these activities were highly reproducible between repeated experiments using the same line. Taken together, these data demonstrate the emerging possibility to compile panels of hPSC-derived hepatocytes of particular phenotypes/genotypes relevant for drug metabolism and toxicity studies. Moreover, these findings are of significance for applications within the regenerative medicine field, since our stringent differentiation procedure allows the derivation of homogenous hepatocyte cultures from multiple donors which is a prerequisite for the realization of future personalized stem cell based therapies.
|
|
| 5. |
- Davidsson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Co-digestion of grease trap sludge and sewage sludge.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Waste Management: international journal of integrated waste management, science and technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-2456. ; 28:6, s. 986-992
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Redirection of organic waste, from landfilling or incineration, to biological treatment such as anaerobic digestion is of current interest in the Malmö-Copenhagen region. One type of waste that is expected to be suitable for anaerobic digestion is sludge from grease traps. Separate anaerobic digestion of this waste type and co-digestion with sewage sludge were evaluated. The methane potential was measured in batch laboratory tests, and the methane yield was determined in continuous pilot-scale digestion. Co-digestion of sludge from grease traps and sewage sludge was successfully performed both in laboratory batch and continuous pilot-scale digestion tests. The addition of grease trap sludge to sewage sludge digesters was seen to increase the methane yield of 9-27% when 10-30% of sludge from grease traps (on VS-basis) was added. It was also seen that the grease trap sludge increases the methane yield without increasing the sludge production. Single-substrate digestion of grease trap sludge gave high methane potentials in batch tests, but could not reach stable methane production in continuous digestion.
|
|
| 6. |
- Gruvberger, C, et al.
(författare)
-
Sustainability concept for a newly built urban area in Malmo, Sweden
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Water Science and Technology. - 0273-1223. ; 47:7-8, s. 33-39
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- National goals regarding sustainable development from the Swedish government were decisive in the planning process when the newly built city district Western Harbour was established in the city of Malmo, Sweden. A systems analysis was used as a tool for evaluating different collection and treatment systems. This type of analysis does not include more subjective factors such as acceptance of organic fertilisers based on human waste and user acceptance of collection schemes. These aspects, however, will often determine the success of a technical solution. When the system for collection and treatment of solid organic waste and wastewater was designed, both subjective and objective factors were considered. This meant that a centralised solution for wastewater treatment was selected. In order to facilitate a more sustainable solution for sludge management a treatment process with recovery of phosphorus will have to be introduced. Organic waste is sorted out and treated in an anaerobic digestion process. Source sorting of solid organic waste has been difficult to implement in Sweden due to inadequate sorting discipline. As a consequence two relatively new systems are tested in the area. A comprehensive evaluation will be carried out during a period of two years.
|
|
| 7. |
- Gustavsson, DJI, et al.
(författare)
-
Anammox i Huvudströmmen - Vad är problemet?
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Vatten: tidskrift för vattenvård /Journal of Water Management and research. - 0042-2886. ; 68:3, s. 195-208
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When Swedish wastewater treatment plants were rebuilt to include enhanced nitrogen removal, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) was far from being a mature technology. During the 2000s, the process has been introduced into sludge liquor treatment worldwide. The step to introduce anammox in the mainstream is decreasing, but lab- and pilot-scale studies on real municipal wastewater are yet lacking. However, several pilot studies are ongoing or will be started shortly. Difficulties to introduce anammox in the mainstream are still many. Anammox is favored by a separate treatment step for COD removal, by outcompeting nitrite oxidisers with the help of low oxygen concentrations, intermittent aeration and competition with anammox bacteria for nitrite, and by having a long solid retention time. Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR), granular reactors, and activated sludge with hydrocyclones to recirculate anammox granules in the excess sludge, are the most promising systems. Sjölunda wastewater treatment plant in Malmö, Sweden, has a separate step for COD removal and denitrification is based on an MBBR for post-denitrification with methanol. VA SYD is now starting a pilot project to study the nitritation-anammox process in the mainstream in an MBBR with the aim of achieving a robust process, and to be able to use the already existing MBBRs for anammox in the mainstream.
|
|
| 8. |
- Henze, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Effect of solids retention time and wastewater characteristics on biological phosphorus removal
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Water Science and Technology. - 0273-1223. ; 45:6, s. 137-144
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper deals with the effect of wastewater, plant design and operation in relation to biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal and the possibilities to model the processes. Two Bio-P pilot plants were operated for 2.5 years in parallel receiving identical wastewater. The plants had SRT of 4 and 21 days, the latter had nitrification and denitrification. The plant with 4 days SRT had much more variable biomass characteristics, than the one with the high SRT. The internal storage compounds, PHA, were affected significantly by the concentration of fatty acids or other easily degradable organics in the wastewater, and less by the plant lay-out. The phosphorus removal is mainly dependent on availability in the wastewater of fatty acids but also by the suspended solids in the effluent, which is higher in the plant with nitrification-denitrification, probably due to a higher SVI or denitrification in the settler. The addition of glucose to the influent seems to have an effect on the performance of the plants similar to that of acetic acid. In spite of great load variations over time to the pilot plants and the different operational modes, the study of population dynamics showed less significant variations with time which has importance in relation to modelling. The overall conclusion of the comparison between the two plants is that the biological phosphorus removal efficiency under practical operating conditions is affected by the SRT in the plant and the wastewater composition. Thus great care should be taken when extrapolating results from one type of plant to another. Indirectly the experiments confirm that results from lab-experiments with artificial wastewater are difficult to extrapolate through modelling to real life wastewater and conditions. The 2.5 years time series can be valuable in verification of models for Nitrogen and Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- la Cour Jansen, Jes, et al.
(författare)
-
Digestion of sludge and organic waste in the sustainability concept for Malmo, Sweden
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Water Science and Technology. - 0273-1223. ; 49:10, s. 163-169
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anaerobic digestion of sludge has been part of the treatment plant in Malmo for many years and several projects on optimisation of the digestion process have been undertaken in full scale as well as in pilot scale. In order to facilitate a more sustainable solution in the future for waste management,solid waste organic waste is sorted out from households for anaerobic treatment in a newly built city district. The system for treatment of the waste is integrated in a centralised solution located at the existing wastewater treatment plant. A new extension of the digester capacity enables separate as well as co-digestion of sludge together with urban organic waste from households, industry, restaurants, big kitchens, food stores, supermarkets, green markets etc. for biogas production and production of fertiliser. Collection and pre-treatment of different types of waste are in progress together with examination of biogas potential for different types of organic waste. Collection of household waste as well as anaerobic digestion in laboratory and pilot scale has been performed during the last year. It is demonstrated that organic household waste can be digested separately or in combination with sludge. In the latter case a higher biogas yield is found than should be expected from digestion of the two materials separately. Household waste from a system based on collection of organic waste from grinders could be digested at mesophilic conditions whereas digestion failed at thermophilic conditions.
|
|
