| 1. |
- Curtis, Maurice A, et al.
(author)
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Human neuroblasts migrate to the olfactory bulb via a lateral ventricular extension.
- 2007
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In: Science (New York, N.Y.). - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 315:5816, s. 1243-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The rostral migratory stream (RMS) is the main pathway by which newly born subventricular zone cells reach the olfactory bulb (OB) in rodents. However, the RMS in the adult human brain has been elusive. We demonstrate the presence of a human RMS, which is unexpectedly organized around a lateral ventricular extension reaching the OB, and illustrate the neuroblasts in it. The RMS ensheathing the lateral olfactory ventricular extension, as seen by magnetic resonance imaging, cell-specific markers, and electron microscopy, contains progenitor cells with migratory characteristics and cells that incorporate 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine and become mature neurons in the OB.
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| 2. |
- Egerod, I., et al.
(author)
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The patient experience of intensive care: A meta-synthesis of Nordic studies
- 2015
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In: International Journal of Nursing Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0020-7489 .- 1873-491X. ; 52:8, s. 1354-1361
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Sedation practices in the intensive care unit have evolved from deep sedation and paralysis toward lighter sedation and better pain management. The new paradigm of sedation has enabled early mobilization and optimized mechanical ventilator weaning. Intensive care units in the Nordic countries have been particularly close to goals of lighter or no sedation and a more humane approach to intensive care. Objectives: The aim of our study was to systematically review and reinterpret newer Nordic studies of the patient experience of intensive care to obtain a contemporary description of human suffering during life-threatening illness. Design: We conducted a meta-synthesis in which we collected, assessed, and analyzed published qualitative studies with the goal of synthesizing these findings into a new whole. Analysis was based on the scientific approach of Gadamerian hermeneutics. Methods: We performed a literature search of qualitative studies of the patient experience of intensive care based on Nordic publications in 2000-2013. We searched the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and PsycINFO. Each original paper was assessed by all authors using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program instrument for qualitative research. We included 22 studies, all of which provided direct patient quotes. Results: The overarching theme was identified as: The patient experience when existence itself is at stake. We constructed an organizing framework for analysis using the main perspectives represented in the included studies: body, mind, relationships, and ICU-environment. Final analysis and interpretation resulted in the unfolding of four themes: existing in liminality, existing in unboundedness, existing in mystery, and existing on the threshold. Conclusions: Our main finding was that human suffering during intensive care is still evident although sedation is lighter and the environment is more humane. Our interpretation suggested that patients with life-threatening illness descend into a liminal state, where they face the choice of life or death. Caring nurses and family members play an important role in assisting the patient to transition back to life. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Elyouncha, Anis, 1978, et al.
(author)
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Joint retrieval of ocean surface wind and current vectors from satellite SAR data using a Bayesian inversion method
- 2021
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In: Remote Sensing of Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0034-4257. ; 260
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents a method for joint retrieval of the ocean surface wind and current vectors using the backscatter and the Doppler frequency shift measured by spaceborne single-beam single-polarization synthetic aperture radar (SAR). The retrieval method is based on the Bayesian approach with the a priori information provided by atmospheric and oceanic models for surface wind and currents, respectively. The backscatter and Doppler frequency shift are estimated from the along-track interferometric SAR system TanDEM-X data. The retrieval results are compared against in-situ measurements along the Swedish west coast. It is found that the wind retrieval reduces the atmospheric model bias compared to in-situ measurements by about 1 m/s for wind speed, while the bias reduction in the wind direction is minor as the wind direction provided by the model was accurate in the studied cases. The ocean model bias compared to in-situ measurements is reduced by about 0.04 m/s and 12 circle for current speed and direction, respectively. It is shown that blending SAR data with model data is particularly useful in complex situations such as atmospheric and oceanic fronts. This is demonstrated through two case studies in the Skagerrak Sea along the Swedish west coast. It is shown that the retrieval successfully introduces small scale circulation features detected by SAR that are unresolved by the models and preserves the large scale circulation imposed by the models.
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| 4. |
- Granberg Axèll, Anetth, et al.
(author)
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Intensive care unit syndrome/delirium is associated with anemia, drug therapy and duration of ventilation treatment.
- 2002
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In: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172. ; 46:6, s. 726-731
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: We have performed a prospective qualitative investigation of the ICU syndrome/delirium; the main parts of which have recently been published. The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between the ICU syndrome/delirium and age, gender, length of ventilator treatment, length of stay and severity of disease, as well as factors related to arterial oxygenation and the amount of drugs used for sedation/analgesia. METHODS: Nineteen mechanically ventilated patients who had stayed in the ICU for more than 36 h were closely observed during their stay, and interviewed in depth twice after discharge. Demographic, administrative and medical data were collected as a part of the observation study. RESULTS: Patients with severe delirium had significantly lower hemoglobin concentrations than those with moderate or no delirium (P=0.033). Patients suffering from severe delirium spent significantly longer time on the ventilator and at the ICU, and were treated with significantly higher daily doses of both fentanyl (P=0.011) and midazolam (P=0.011) in comparison with those reporting only moderate or no symptoms of delirium. There were no significant differences in the Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System scores, reflecting the degree of illness, between patients with and without delirium. CONCLUSION: The development of the ICU syndrome/delirium seems to be associated with decreased hemoglobin concentrations and extended times on the ventilator. Prolonged ICU stays and treatment with higher doses of sedatives and opioids in patients with delirium appear to be secondary phenomena rather than causes.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Malm, Annika, et al.
(author)
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Sustainable economic level of leakage in Norway and Sweden – manual of practice
- 2020
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In: Water practice and technology. - : IWA Publishing. - 1751-231X. ; 15:2, s. 343-349
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Awareness of water’s value, high water losses, occasional water shortages and increased costs arising from new treatment requirements has increased focus on reducing water losses. For water loss management, SELL (sustainable economic level of leakage), can be used. SELL includes not only the long-term utility costs and benefits, but also external social and environmental leakage costs, including traffic disruption during pipe repair and replacement work, carbon footprints and health risk effects from leaking pipes with inadequate pressure. The aim of the project was to adapt SELL to Norwegian and Swedish conditions and prepare a calculation model for SELL for use by water utilities. A spreadsheet was developed to calculate water balances and leakage. Another was developed for calculating SELL for the utility. The latter spreadsheet includes researchbased default values if no local data are available. An uncertainty analysis was used to show how much input data uncertainty affects the result. The conclusions are that, when all externalities are included and new leak reduction techniques are developed, SELL is lower than expected. The authors believe that the manual will help significantly in fighting water losses, especially for small-and medium-scale water utilities.
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| 7. |
- Rodriguez Camargo, Diana C., et al.
(author)
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Proliferation of Tau 304-380 Fragment Aggregates through Autocatalytic Secondary Nucleation
- 2021
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In: ACS Chemical Neuroscience. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1948-7193. ; 12:23, s. 4406-4415
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The self-assembly of the protein tau into neurofibrillary tangles is one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies. Still, the molecular mechanism of tau aggregation is largely unknown. This problem may be addressed by systematically obtaining reproducible in vitro kinetics measurements under quiescent conditions in the absence of triggering substances. Here, we implement this strategy by developing protocols for obtaining an ultrapure tau fragment (residues 304-380 of tau441) and for performing spontaneous aggregation assays with reproducible kinetics under quiescent conditions. We are thus able to identify the mechanism of fibril formation of the tau 304-380 fragment at physiological pH using fluorescence spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. We find that primary nucleation is slow, and that secondary processes dominate the aggregation process once the initial aggregates are formed. Moreover, our results further show that secondary nucleation of monomers on fibril surfaces dominates over fragmentation of fibrils. Using separate isotopes in monomers and fibrils, through mass spectroscopy measurements, we verify the isotope composition of the intermediate oligomeric species, which reveals that these small aggregates are generated from monomer through secondary nucleation. Our results provide a framework for understanding the processes leading to tau aggregation in disease and for selecting possible tau forms as targets in the development of therapeutic interventions in Alzheimer's disease.
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