| 1. |
- Bäckström, I, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary intake in head and neck irradiated patients with permanent dry mouth symptoms.
- 1995
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. Part B, Oral Oncology. - 0964-1955. ; 31B:4, s. 253-257
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Radiotherapy of the head and neck region, which includes the major and minor salivary glands in the radiation field, usually leads to temporary or permanent xerostomia. This may affect eating and increase the risk of inadequate intake of energy and nutrients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of radiotherapy-induced xerostomia on energy and nutrient intake in individuals treated for malignancies in the head and neck region. The dietary intake of 24 patients with a low chewing stimulated whole saliva flow rate (< 0.5 ml/min) and in age and sex matched controls with normal flow rate (> 1.0 ml/min) was recorded for 7 days. The average daily energy intake was nearly 300 kcal lower in the irradiated patients with dry mouth symptoms than in the control group. The mean intake in the former group was 1925 kcal per day whereas the control group had an intake of 2219 kcal per day. Irradiated patients with dry mouth symptoms had significantly lower mean intakes of vitamin A, beta-carotene, vitamin E, vitamin B6, folacine, iron and zinc than those in the control group. There was also a lower intake of vitamin C, but this was not statistically significant. The intake of vitamins A and C exceeded or reached the levels recommended in the Swedish Nutritional recommendations, but the average intakes of fibre, iron, beta-carotene, vitamin E, zinc, selenium, and iron did not reach recommended levels, in neither the experimental nor the control group. There was a slight positive correlation between energy intake and saliva secretion rate in the control group, but the energy intake was totally independent of variations in secretion rate in the irradiated patients with low secretion rate.
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| 2. |
- Aspholm-Hurtig, Marina, et al.
(författare)
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Functional adaptation of BabA, the H. pylori ABO blood group antigen binding adhesin.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Science (New York, N.Y.). - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 305:5683, s. 519-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adherence by Helicobacter pylori increases the risk of gastric disease. Here, we report that more than 95% of strains that bind fucosylated blood group antigen bind A, B, and O antigens (generalists), whereas 60% of adherent South American Amerindian strains bind blood group O antigens best (specialists). This specialization coincides with the unique predominance of blood group O in these Amerindians. Strains differed about 1500-fold in binding affinities, and diversifying selection was evident in babA sequences. We propose that cycles of selection for increased and decreased bacterial adherence contribute to babA diversity and that these cycles have led to gradual replacement of generalist binding by specialist binding in blood group O-dominant human populations.
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| 3. |
- Atanassova, N, et al.
(författare)
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Sequence-specific stalling of DNA polymerase gamma and the effects of mutations causing progressive ophthalmoplegia
- 2011
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - 0964-6906. ; 20:6, s. 1212-1223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A large number of mutations in the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of mitochondrial DNA polymerase γ (POLγA) cause human disease. The Y955C mutation is common and leads to a dominant disease with progressive external ophthalmoplegia and other symptoms. The biochemical effect of the Y955C mutation has been extensively studied and it has been reported to lower enzyme processivity due to decreased capacity to utilize dNTPs. However, it is unclear why this biochemical defect leads to a dominant disease. Consistent with previous reports, we show here that the POLγA:Y955C enzyme only synthesizes short DNA products at dNTP concentrations that are sufficient for proper function of wild-type POLγA. In addition, we find that this phenotype is overcome by increasing the dNTP concentration, e.g. dATP. At low dATP concentrations, the POLγA:Y955C enzyme stalls at dATP insertion sites and instead enters a polymerase/exonuclease idling mode. The POLγA:Y955C enzyme will compete with wild-type POLγA for primer utilization, and this will result in a heterogeneous population of short and long DNA replication products. In addition, there is a possibility that POLγA:Y955C is recruited to nicks of mtDNA and there enters an idling mode preventing ligation. Our results provide a novel explanation for the dominant mtDNA replication phenotypes seen in patients harboring the Y955C mutation, including the existence of site-specific stalling. Our data may also explain why mutations that disturb dATP pools can be especially deleterious for mtDNA synthesis.
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| 4. |
- Birzniece, Vita, et al.
(författare)
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Ovarian hormone effects on 5-hydroxytryptamine (2A) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (2C) receptor mRNA expression in the ventral hippocampus and frontal cortex of female rats.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 319:3, s. 157-161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alterations in female gonadal hormones are associated with anxiety and mood changes. The aim of the present study was to determine influences of chronic gonadal hormone supplementation on 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(2C) receptor mRNA levels in the ventral hippocampus and the frontal cerebral cortex. Ovariectomized adult female Sprague-Dawley rats (n=37) received implantation of subcutaneous pellets containing different dosages of 17beta-estradiol alone or in combination with progesterone, or placebo pellets, for 2 weeks. Serotonin receptor mRNA levels were analyzed by in situ hybridization in the ventral hippocampus and 5-HT(2A) receptor mRNA also in the frontal cortex. Estradiol treatment in combination with low-dose progesterone increased 5-HT(2A) receptor mRNA by 43% in the CA2 region of the ventral hippocampus, while estradiol combined with high-dose progesterone increased the expression of this gene by 84% in ventral CA1. 5-HT(2A) mRNA expression in the frontal cortex was not influenced by hormone manipulation. 5-HT(2C) receptor gene expression was in the ventral hippocampus decreased in the CA2, ventral CA1 and the subiculum subregions by high-dose estradiol treatment (8-20% decreases). Effects on mood by gonadal hormones can be mediated, at least partly, through influences on 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(2C) receptor expression.
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| 5. |
- Birzniece, Vita, et al.
(författare)
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Serotonin 5-HT(1A) receptor mRNA expression in dorsal hippocampus and raphe nuclei after gonadal hormone manipulation in female rats.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Neuroendocrinology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0028-3835 .- 1423-0194. ; 74:2, s. 135-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Female ovarian steroids influence mood and cognition, an effect presumably mediated by the serotonergic system. A key receptor in this interplay may be the 5-HT(1A) receptor subtype. We gave adult ovariectomized female rats subcutaneous pellets containing different dosages of 17 beta-estradiol alone or in combination with progesterone, or placebo pellets, for 2 weeks. 5-HT(1A) receptor mRNA levels were analyzed by in situ hybridization in the dorsal hippocampus, dorsal and median raphe nuclei, and entorhinal cortex. Estradiol treatment alone reduced 5-HT(1A) gene expression in the dentate gyrus and the CA2 region (17 and 19% decrease, respectively). Estradiol combined with progesterone supplementation increased 5-HT(1A) gene expression versus placebo in the CA1 and CA2 subregions of the dorsal hippocampus (16 and 30% increase, respectively). Concomitantly, 5-HT(1A) mRNA expression was decreased by 13% in the ventrolateral part of the dorsal raphe nuclei, while no changes were found in the median raphe nucleus and entorhinal cortex. Chronic effects of ovarian hormones on 5-HT(1A) receptor mRNA expression appear tissue-specific and involve hippocampal subregions and the raphe nuclei. Modulation of 5-HT(1A) receptor gene expression may be of importance for gonadal steroid effects on mood and cognition. Copyright 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel
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| 6. |
- Bixo, M, et al.
(författare)
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Binding of [3H]paroxetine to serotonin uptake sites and of [3H]lysergic acid diethylamide to 5-HT2A receptors in platelets from women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder during gonadotropin releasing hormone treatment.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 26:6, s. 551-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changes in serotonergic parameters have been reported in psychiatric conditions such as depression but also in the premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). In addition, hormonal effects on serotonergic activity have been established. In the present study, binding of [3H]paroxetine to platelet serotonin uptake sites and binding of [3H]lysergic acid diethylamide ([3H]LSD) to platelet serotonin (5-HT)2A receptors were studied in patients with PMDD treated with a low dose of a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist (buserelin) or placebo and compared to controls. The PMDD patients were relieved of premenstrual symptoms like depression and irritability during buserelin treatment. The number of [3H]paroxetine binding sites (Bmax) were significantly higher in the follicular phase in untreated PMDD patients compared to controls. When treated with buserelin the difference disappeared. No differences in [3H]LSD binding between the three groups were shown. The present study demonstrated altered platelet [3H]paroxetine binding characteristics in women with PMDD compared to controls. Furthermore, [3H]paroxetine binding was affected by PMDD treatment with a low dose of buserelin. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that changes in serotonergic transmission could be a trait in the premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Bäckström, Caroline A., et al.
(författare)
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Two sides of breastfeeding support : experiences of women and midwives
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Breastfeeding Journal. - : BioMed Central. - 1746-4358. ; 5, s. Article number 20-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Midwives’ support of breastfeeding in maternity wards has been proven to provide an impact on women’s breastfeeding experiences. In previous studies women describe professional support unfavourably, with an emphasis on time pressures, lack of availability or guidance, promotion of unhelpful practices, and conflicting advice. Thus, the present study aims to investigate women’s experiences and reflections of receiving breastfeeding support and midwives’ experiences and reflections of giving breastfeeding support. Methods: This study was carried out in a county in southwestern Sweden during 2003-2004. A qualitative method, content analysis, was chosen for the study. The data came from interviews with women as well as interviews with midwives who were experienced in breastfeeding support. Results: The women’s and midwives’ experiences and reflections of receiving and giving breastfeeding support were conceptualized as one main theme: “Individualized breastfeeding support increases confidence and satisfaction.” This theme contained three categories: “The unique woman,” ”The sensitive confirming process,” and “Consistency of ongoing support.” In order to feel confident in their new motherhood role, the women wanted more confirmation as unique individuals and as breastfeeding women; they wanted to be listened to; and they wanted more time, understanding, and follow-up from health professionals. In contrast, the midwives described themselves as encouraging and confirming of the women’s needs. Conclusions: If health care professionals responded to the woman’s unique needs, the woman felt that the breastfeeding support was good and was based on her as an individual, otherwise a feeling of uncertainty emerged. The midwives, however, expressed that they gave the women individual support, but they also expressed that the support came from different points of view, because the midwives interpreted women’s signals differently.
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