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- Becher, Marina, et al.
(author)
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Measuring soil motion with terrestrial close range photogrammetry in periglacial environments
- 2014
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In: EUCOP 4. - : University of Lisbon and the University of Évora. ; , s. 351-351
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Cryoturbation plays an important role in the carbon cycle as it redistributes carbon deeper down in the soil where the cold temperature prevents microbial decomposition. This contribution is also included in recent models describing the long-term build up of carbon stocks in artic soils. Soil motion rate in cryoturbated soils is sparsely studied. This is because the internal factors maintaining cryoturbation will be affected by any excavation, making it impossible to remove soil samples or install pegs without changing the structure of the soil. So far, mainly the motion of soil surface markers on patterned ground has been used to infer lateral soil motion rates. However, such methods constrain the investigated area to a predetermined distribution of surface markers that may result in a loss of information regarding soil motion in other parts of the patterned ground surface.We present a novel method based on terrestrial close range (<5m) photogrammetry to calculate lateral and vertical soil motion across entire small-scale periglacial features, such as non-sorted circles (frost boils). Images were acquired by a 5-camera calibrated rig from at least 8 directions around a non-sorted circle. During acquisition, the rig was carried by one person in a backpack-like portable camera support system. Natural feature points were detected by SIFT and matched between images using the known epipolar geometry of the calibrated rig. The 3D coordinates of points matched between at least 3 images were calculated to create a point cloud of the surface of interest. The procedure was repeated during two consecutive years to be able to measure any net displacement of soil and calculate rates of soil motion. The technique was also applied to a peat palsa where multiple exposures where acquired of selected areas.The method has the potential to quantify areas of disturbance and estimate lateral and vertical soil motion in non-sorted circles. Furthermore, it should be possible to quantify peat erosion and rates of desiccation crack formations in peat palsas. This tool could provide new information about cryoturbation rates that could improve existing soil carbon models and increase our understanding about how soil carbon stocks will respond to climate change.
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| 6. |
- Börlin, Niclas, 1968-, et al.
(author)
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3D measurements of buildings and environment for harbor simulators
- 2009
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Oryx Simulations develops and manufactures real-time physics simulators for training of harbor crane operator in several of the world’s major harbors. Currently, the modelling process is labor-intensive and a faster solution that can produce accurate, textured models of harbor scenes is desired. The accuracy requirements vary across the scene, and in some areas accuracy can be traded for speed. Due to the heavy equipment involved, reliable error estimates are important throughout the scene. This report surveys the scientific literature of 3D reconstruction algorithms from aerial and terrestrial imagery and laser scanner data. Furthermore, available software solutions are evaluated. The conclusion is that the most useful data source is terrestrial images, optionally complemented by terrestrial laser scanning. Although robust, automatic algorithms exist for several low-level subproblems, no automatic high-level 3D modelling algorithm exists that satisfy all the requirements. Instead, the most successful high-level methods are semi-automatic, and their respective success depend on how well user input is incorporated into an efficient workflow. Furthermore, the conclusion is that existing software cannot handle the full suite of varying requirements within the harbor reconstruction problem. Instead we suggest that a 3D reconstruction toolbox is implemented in a high-level language, Matlab. The toolbox should contain state-of-the-art low-level algorithms that can be used as “building blocks” in automatic or semi-automatic higher-level algorithms. All critical algorithms must produce reliable error estimates. The toolbox approach in Matlab will be able to simultaneously support basic research of core algorithms, evaluation of problem-specific high-level algorithms, and production of industry-grade solutions that can be ported to other programming languages and environments.
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| 7. |
- Börlin, Niclas, 1968-, et al.
(author)
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A globally convergent gauss-newton algorithm for the bundle adjustment problem with functional constraints
- 2003
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In: Optical 3-D measurement techniques. - : Wichmann-Verlag. ; , s. 269-276
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper describes a Gauss-Newton-based algorithm for the bundle adjustment problem with functional constraints (GNC). The GNC algorithm has superior theoretical convergence properties compared to the conventional bundle algorithm. Both algorithms were applied to simulated measurements of a sphere with 2-3 cameras and 4-9 points. For 2 cameras and 4-5 points, the GNC converged in substantially more cases. For the other configurations, the convergence properties were similar. The added cost for the GNC algorithm was less than 0.01 iterations on average. The GNC algorithm need to be evaluated on real-world problems, but the results suggest that the algorithm will be more reliable for minimum data problems and have a minimal overhead for easy problems.
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| 8. |
- Börlin, Niclas, 1968-
(author)
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Adaptive least squares matching as a non-linear least squares optimization problem
- 2002
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In: Proceedings SSAB 2002.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Adaptive Least Squares Matching (ALSM) is a powerful technique for precisely locating objects in digital images. The method was introduced to the photogrammetric community by Gruen in 1985 and has since been developed further. The purpose of this paper is to study the basic ALSM formulation from a least squares optimization point of view. It turns out that it is possible to describe the basic algorithm as a variation of the Gauss-Newton method for solving weighted non-linear least squares optimization problems. This opens the possibility of applying optimization theory on the ALSM problem. The line-search algorithm for obtaining global convergence is especially described and illustrated
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| 10. |
- Börlin, Niclas, 1968-, et al.
(author)
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Bundle adjustment with and without damping
- 2013
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In: Photogrammetric Record. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0031-868X .- 1477-9730. ; 28:144, s. 396-415
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The least squares adjustment (LSA) method is studied as an optimisation problem and shown to be equivalent to the undamped Gauss-Newton (GN) optimisation method. Three problem-independent damping modifications of the GN method are presented: the line-search method of Armijo (GNA); the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (LM); and Levenberg-Marquardt-Powell (LMP). Furthermore, an additional problem-specific "veto" damping technique, based on the chirality condition, is suggested. In a perturbation study on a terrestrial bundle adjustment problem the GNA and LMP methods with veto damping can increase the size of the pull-in region compared to the undamped method; the LM method showed less improvement. The results suggest that damped methods can, in many cases, provide a solution where undamped methods fail and should be available in any LSA software package. Matlab code for the algorithms discussed is available from the authors.
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