| 1. |
- Lee, Maria, et al.
(author)
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Cognitive Function and Variability in Antipsychotic Drug-Naive Patients With First-Episode Psychosis : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- 2024
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In: JAMA psychiatry. - 2168-6238.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- IMPORTANCE: Cognitive impairment contributes significantly to clinical outcome and level of function in individuals with psychotic disorders. These impairments are present already at psychosis onset at a group level; however, the question of heterogeneity in cognitive function among patients has not been systematically investigated.OBJECTIVE: To provide an updated quantification of cognitive impairment at psychosis onset before patients receive potentially confounding antipsychotic treatment, and to investigate variability in cognitive function compared with healthy controls.DATA SOURCES: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed articles were searched up to September 15, 2022.STUDY SELECTION: Original studies reporting data on cognitive function in antipsychotic drug-naive patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) were included.DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Data were independently extracted by 2 researchers. Cognitive tasks were clustered according to 6 domains of the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery and the domain of executive function. Random-effects model meta-analyses of mean differences and coefficient of variation ratios (CVRs) were performed, as well as meta-regressions, assessment of study quality, and publication bias.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The main outcome measure was Hedges g for mean differences in cognition and CVR for within-group variability.RESULTS: Fifty studies were included in the analysis with a total of 2625 individuals with FEP (mean [SD] age, 25.2 [3.6] years, 60% male; 40% female) and 2917 healthy controls (mean [SD] age, 26.0 [4.6]; 55% male; 45% female). In all cognitive domains, the FEP group displayed significant impairment compared with controls (speed of processing: Hedges g = -1.16; 95% CI, -1.35 to -0.98; verbal learning: Hedges g = -1.08; 95% CI, -1.28 to -0.88; visual learning: Hedges g = -1.05; 95% CI, -1.27 to -0.82; working memory: Hedges g = -1.04; 95% CI, -1.35 to -0.73; attention: Hedges g = -1.03; 95% CI, -1.24 to -0.82; reasoning/problem solving: Hedges g = -0.90; 95% CI, -1.12 to -0.68; executive function: Hedges g = -0.88; 95% CI, -1.07 to -0.69). Individuals with FEP also exhibited a larger variability across all domains (CVR range, 1.34-1.92).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Results of this systematic review and meta-analysis identified cognitive impairment in FEP before the initiation of antipsychotic treatment, with large effect sizes. The high variability within the FEP group suggests the need to identify those individuals with more severe cognitive problems who risk worse outcomes and could benefit the most from cognitive remediation.
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| 2. |
- Rudels, Bert, et al.
(author)
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Observations in the Ocean
- 2012
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In: Arctic Climate Change: The ACSYS Decade and Beyond, edited by P. Lemke and H.-W. Jacobi. - B.V : Springer. ; , s. 117-198
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract The chapter begins with an overview of the exploratory work done in the Arctic Ocean from the mid nineteenth century to 1980, when its main features became known and a systematic study of the Arctic Ocean evolved. The following section concentrates on the decade between 1980 and 1990, when the fi rst scientific icebreaker expeditions penetrated into the Arctic Ocean, when large international programme were launched, and the understanding of the circulation and of the processes active in the Arctic Ocean deepened. The main third section deals with the studies and the advances made during the ACSYS decade. The section has three headings: the circulation and the transformation of water masses; the changes that have been observed in the Arctic Ocean, especially during the last decades; and the transports between the Arctic Ocean and the surrounding world ocean through the different passages, Fram Strait, Barents Sea, Bering Strait and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. In section four, the Arctic Ocean is considered as a part of the Arctic Mediterranean Sea, and the impacts of possible climatic changes on the circulation in the Arctic Mediterranean and on the exchanges with the world ocean are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Browne Mwakyanjala, Moses, et al.
(author)
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Verification of phase and frequency modulation for software-defined radio baseband systems using field data
- 2017
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In: 35th AIAA International Communications Satellite Systems Conference, ICSSC 2017. - Reston, Virginia : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents the verification of phase and frequency modulation schemes for a software-defined radio baseband system that is being prototyped to support satellite telemetry, telecommand and ranging. It presents the theory behind the two modulation schemes, implementation and verification against emulated signals from a space-qualified hardware-based baseband system as well as from the Odin satellite.
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| 4. |
- Harbs, Justin, et al.
(author)
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Circulating Sex Hormone Levels and Colon Cancer Risk in Men : A Nested Case–Control Study and Meta-Analysis
- 2022
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In: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - : American Association for Cancer Research. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 31:4, s. 793-803
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Endogenous sex hormones may contribute to higher colorectal cancer incidence rates in men compared with women, but despite an increased number of studies, clear evidence is lacking.Methods: We conducted a comprehensive nested case–control study of circulating concentrations of sex hormones, sex hormone precursors, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in relation to subsequent colon cancer risk in European men. Concentrations were measured using liquid LC/MS-MS in prospectively collected plasma samples from 690 cases and 690 matched controls from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) and the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study (NSHDS) cohorts. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). In addition, we conducted a meta-analysis of previous studies on men.Results: Circulating levels of testosterone (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.51–0.89) and SHBG (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.62–0.96) were inversely associated with colon cancer risk. For free testosterone, there was a nonsignificant inverse association (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.58–1.18). In a dose–response meta-analysis of endogenous sex hormone levels, inverse associations with colorectal/colon cancer risk were found for testosterone [relative risks (RR) per 100 ng/dL ¼ 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96–1.00; I2 ¼ 22%] and free testosterone (RR per 1 ng/dL ¼ 0.98; 95% CI, 0.95–1.00; I2 ¼ 0%).Conclusions: Our results provide suggestive evidence for the association between testosterone, SHBG, and male colon cancer development.Impact: Additional support for the involvement of sex hormones in male colon cancer.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Tergel, Alf
(author)
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Human Rights in Cultural and Religious Traditions
- 1998
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Förändringarna i ideologin om mänskliga rättigheter inom de konfessionella gemenskaper som studerats under det halva århundradet från 1945 till 1995 berodde främst på återspeglingarna av radikala samhällsomdaningar i kyrkorna. Ett paradigmskifte ägde rum
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Abbaspour, A, et al.
(author)
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Comparison of Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in the Assessment of Body Composition in Women with Anorexia Nervosa upon Admission and Discharge from an Inpatient Specialist Unit
- 2021
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In: International journal of environmental research and public health. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-4601. ; 18:21
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Assessment of body composition is fundamental in diagnosis and treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN). The gold standard dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is expensive and not universally available. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a non-invasive, inexpensive method relative to DXA. We compared DXA and BIA in the assessment of fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), and body fat percentage (BF%) in women with AN upon admission (ANT1) and discharge (ANT2) from an inpatient specialist unit with a referent healthy control (HC) group. The study population consisted of 31 ANT1, 25 ANT2, and 52 HC women with median age of 21 years. Body composition was measured by DXA and Tanita foot-to-foot BIA. Comparison between the two methods was done using Bland–Altman analysis, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient, and linear regression. The mean difference (bias) in FM and BF% values obtained by DXA and BIA in ANT1 (FM: +1.01 kg, BF%: +2.26%) and ANT2 (FM: +1.49 kg, BF%: +1.66%) were comparable to HC (FM: −1.32 kg, BF%: −2.29%) although in opposite directions. Less bias was observed in FFM values in ANT1 (−0.46 kg) and ANT2 (−0.86 kg) than in HC (+2.03 kg); however, the limits of agreement between the two methods were wider in ANT1 and ANT2 than in HC for all measurements. No association was observed between age, percentage of total body water, and the time spent on the inpatient specialist unit with the difference in estimates of body composition between DXA and BIA. Comparison of DXA and BIA suggests that DXA should remain the gold standard for measuring body composition; the development of more specific BIA equations is required to improve validity and precision of BIA in patients with AN. Despite ease and cost in both BIA access and operation, the suitability of BIA in a low bodyweight eating disorders population remains questionable.
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| 9. |
- Algarra, Andres G.
(author)
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Computational Insights into the Isomerism of Hexacoordinate Metal-Sarcophagine Complexes : The Relationship between Structure and Stability
- 2015
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In: European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 1434-1948 .- 1099-1948 .- 1099-0682. ; :3, s. 503-511
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The hexacoordinate complexes that the macrobicyclic ligands {(NH3)(2)sar)(2+) and {NMe3)(2)sar}(2+) (sar = 3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaazabicyclo[6.6.6]icosane) form with transition metals such as Co-III, Co-II and Cu-II can adopt several isomeric structures. In this article, we have firstly employed DFT methods lo compute the relative stability of their Delta-ob(3), Delta-ob(2)lel, Delta-lel(2)ob and Delta-lel(3) isomers, as well as the activation barriers for their interconversion. In agreement with the experimental data, the results show that, in general, the different isomers of the Co-III and Co-II complexes present similar free energies, whereas the Cu-II complexes show a strong tendency towards the lel(3) form. In addition, the interplay between the structure and stability of these species has been studied by combining shape maps with a distortion/interaction energy analysis. In contrast to the geometries close to the ideal octahedron that all the studied Co complexes present, the le)3 structures of [Cu{(NH3)(2)sar}](4+) and [Cu{(NMe3)(2)sar](4+) are better described. as trigonal prisms. In such structures the ligand adopts a conformation significantly more stable than in the other isomers, and this drives the formation of lel(3)-[Cu{(NH3)(2)sar}](4+) and lel(3)-[Cu{(NNe3)(2)sar}](4+). Overall, the results show a clear relationship between the stability of a given isomer and its degree of distortion with respect to the ideal octahedron (or trigonal prism), with the latter being ultimately dependent on the transition metal and its radius.
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| 10. |
- Baker, Joseph, et al.
(author)
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Impact of an alpha helix and a cysteine-cysteine disulfide bond on the resistance of bacterial adhesion pili to stress
- 2021
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In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 118:21
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Escherichia coli express adhesion pili that mediate attachment to host cell surfaces and are exposed to body fluids in the urinary and gastrointestinal tracts. Pilin subunits are organized into helical polymers, with a tip adhesin for specific host binding. Pili can elastically unwind when exposed to fluid flow forces, reducing the adhesin load, thereby facilitating sustained attachment. Here we investigate biophysical and structural differences of pili commonly expressed on bacteria that inhabit the urinary and intestinal tracts. Optical tweezers measurements reveal that Class 1a pili of uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), as well as Class 1b of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), undergo an additional conformational change beyond pilus unwinding, providing significantly more elasticity to their structure than ETEC Class 5 pili. Examining structural and steered molecular dynamics simulation data, we find this difference in Class 1 pili subunit behavior originates from an alpha-helical motif that can unfold when exposed to force. A disulfide bond cross-linking beta-strands in Class 1 pili stabilizes subunits, allowing them to tolerate higher forces than Class 5 pili that lack this covalent bond. We suggest that these extra contributions to pilus resiliency are relevant for the UPEC niche since resident bacteria are exposed to stronger, more transient drag forces compared to those experienced by ETEC bacteria in the mucosa of the intestinal tract. Interestingly, Class 1b ETEC pili include the same structural features seen in UPEC pili, while requiring lower unwinding forces that are more similar to those of Class 5 ETEC pili.
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