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- Babri, Maira, 1986-, et al.
(author)
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An Updated Inquiry into the Study of Corporate Codes of Ethics : 2005–2016
- 2021
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In: Journal of Business Ethics. - : Springer. - 0167-4544 .- 1573-0697. ; 168:1, s. 71-108
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents a review of 100 empirical papers studying corporate codes of ethics (CCEs) in business organizations from the time period mid-2005 until mid-2016, following approximately an 11-year time period after the previous review of the literature. The reviewed papers are broadly categorized as content-oriented, output-oriented, or transformation-oriented. The review sheds light on empirical focus, context, questions addressed, methods, findings and theory. The findings are discussed in terms of the three categories as well as the aggregate, stock of empirical CCE studies in comparison with previous reviews, answering the question “where are we now?” Content and output studies still stand for the majority of the studies, whereas the transformation studies are fewer. Within these areas, two new trends are found to have emerged: discursive analyses and a focus on labor conditions. The review finds that (a) the content of CCEs is still predominantly self-defensive, (b) that CCEs are insufficient in themselves in terms of protecting workers’ rights, (c) that CCEs are likely to encounter tensions when implemented across national and organizational boundaries, and (d) that while perception of CCEs is generally positive, CCEs may lead to both positive and negative outcomes. Based on these findings, potential areas for further exploration in the area of CCE research are suggested.
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| 2. |
- Babri, Maira, 1986-, et al.
(author)
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Bildningspraktika för ekonomer
- 2020
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In: Organisation & Samhälle. - : Föreningen Företagsekonomi i Sverige. - 2001-9114 .- 2002-0287. ; 2, s. 70-71
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 3. |
- Babri, Maira, 1986-, et al.
(author)
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Cirkulära praktiker : hur går vi från ord till handling?
- 2020
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Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Denna rapport delger lärdomar och kunskap förvärvad inom ett ettårigt Vinnovaprojekt (diarienummer 2018-04685) som sökt beskriva och analysera möjligheter och hinder för en omställning till en cirkulär ekonomi utifrån ett företagsekonomiskt perspektiv. I detta samverkansprojekt har tre huvudaktörer drivit arbetet; forskare från Handelshögskolan vid Örebro universitet och dess Centrum för hållbart företagande (CSB), den ideella föreningen CradleNet som syftar till att accelerera den cirkulära ekonomin samt det privata företaget Econova med mångårig erfarenhet inom återvinning och återanvändning av restmaterial och avfall. I projektet har vi arrangerat fyra interaktiva kunskapsmoduler där aktörer med intresse för en övergång till cirkulär ekonomi samlats och tillsammans diskuterat nuvarande praktiker samt vägar framåt. I projektet har vi arbetat med en bred definition av cirkulär ekonomi; definitionen inbegriper hantering av material med målet att minimera avfall, samt en materialhantering som är miljömässigt, socialt och ekonomiskt ansvarstagande. Rapporten summerar de viktigaste lärdomarna från projektet och beskriver olika sätt som företag –tillsammans med andra – kan påbörja resan mot en cirkulär ekonomi.
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| 4. |
- Babri, Maira, 1986-
(author)
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Deconstructing Code Stories : Versions of Corporate Morality based on Stories of Corporate Codes of Ethics
- 2014
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract: The underlying assumption in this paper is that an organization consists of versions of ethics; what is considered to be right or wrong, is constructed and re-constructed in various ways. One of the very important ways in which ethics is reconstructed is through the stories told about and in relation to the company’s corporate code of ethics. Organizations abide with stories, myths, fantasies, and dreams (Gabriel, 1995), however, the stories captured in literature are often about human subjects. In this paper, we shall explore closely the corporate code of ethics as the protagonist in a story.Research Question: What versions of corporate morality are found in what is said and not said about corporate ethics, about corporate good and bad, in stories about a Corporate Code of Ethics?Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework used in this paper is based literature stemming from the field of critical management studies. The main philosophical foundation of critical management studies is critical theory, but inspiration has also been drawn from labor process theory, poststructuralism, and critical realism (Alvesson, Bridgman and Wilmott, 2009; pg 29). The assumption of multiple versions of reality, which in this paper refers to versions of ethics, or what is seen as right or wrong, is based on Law’s (2004) and Mol’s (2002) ontological perspectives, arguing for fluidity, where realities, concepts, and practices are shown to be plural, having many different faces (See also Law and Mol, 2004 and 2008).Method: The choice to deconstruct a story narrated by the vice president of corporate responsibility at a Swedish Multinational Corporation (whom I from here onwards will be calling Anna) was made due to Anna’s position of power. Much of her daily work entails training managers and employees in business ethics, and the values stipulated in the corporation’s business code. The deconstruction is inspired by Joanne Martin’s paper (1990) which is a deconstruction aiming at shedding light on the suppression of gender conflict in organizations. There are however, two significant differences. The first is that an inanimate object is here given life and a personality in order to highlight some of the effects that this object, a business code of ethics, can have. Some of these effects have been pinpointed by other authors (Jensen, Bauman etc). The second major difference is that whilst Joanne (1990) uses a feminist perspective in her deconstruction, the theoretical lens used in this paper is that of a general de-naturalization (Alvesson, Bridgman and Wilmott, 2009; pg 9) which entails questioning the existing order, the taken for granted.Findings: The paper argues that in the deconstruction and reconstruction of the stories, when the code is seen as an agent, it clearly reinforces the idea of code as good, as a moral preacher and indirectly, resistance towards the code, as bad. The idea of the code is in stories about it often decoupled from the code as a material artifact, allowing separate versions of corporate morality to be enacted in stories about the code. indirectly, the content of the code becomes a part of the idea of the code, and when resistance towards the idea of the code is seen as bad, also resistance to towards the contents of the material artifact are seen as bad. These findings suggest serious implications for the progression of ethics in corporations, as dialogue and disagreement with certain versions of corporate morality are discouraged.
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| 5. |
- Babri, Maira, 1986-, et al.
(author)
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Material affordances in circular products and business model development : for a relational understanding of human and material agency
- 2022
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In: Culture and Organization. - : Routledge. - 1475-9551 .- 1477-2760. ; 28:1, s. 79-96
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper uses the notion of material affordances to show that a focus on how people engage with materials helps understanding how organizations transit toward sustainability. Material affordances refer to the enablements and constraints afforded by materials to someone engaging with an environment for a particular purpose. Based on a qualitative study of a company's efforts at becoming circular, we show that material affordances are evolutive as organizational members shift focus from the development of products to the establishment of a circular business model. We also show that affordances are distributed across the company's circular ecosystem. Between what they enable and prevent, they invite humans to a dynamic engagement with materials that decenters human agencies to incorporate material agency in such efforts. A key contribution of the notion of material affordances is to put the relationships of humans and materials at the core of a transition toward circularity and sustainability.
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| 8. |
- Babri, Maira, 1986-
(author)
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Method as democratizing; through researcher positionality and empirical inclusivity
- 2024
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In: Qualitative research in organization and management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1746-5648 .- 1746-5656.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present how my positionality as a researcher aligned with the works of Latour in terms of methodological inspirations and allowed me to develop a critical vantage point and simultaneously adopt a heterogeneously rather than hierarchically informed approach to ordering the world, which I argue serves as a basis for a more inclusive study of management systems.Design/methodology/approach: I reflect on my own positionality as a researcher and share how my interpretation of Latour's ontology through some of his ideas and concepts, particularly symmetry, power, translation and agency, allowed me to incorporate and organize heterogeneous actors depicted in different empirical materials into space-time contexts and subsequently theorize organizing and management practices as agential, multiple and becoming.Findings: A base in Latour's ontology has equipped me with openness towards empirical settings, which I argue retains a democratic approach to theorization, i.e. theorization, which remains mindful of inadvertent assumptions about power, hierarchy or the taken for granted. This approach has also given me a form of personal resilience as a researcher.Originality/value: The originality of this paper lies in presenting and developing the concept of method as democratizing. I argue that Latour's approach to the empirical allows for at least two forms of active democratizing, one relating to the researcher as self and the other in how it incorporates the empirical actors into research, making possible the inclusivity of heterogeneity in analyses of organizations and organizing.
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| 9. |
- Babri, Maira
(author)
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Method as Democratizing; Through Researcher Positionalityand Empirical Inclusivity
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In: Qualitative research in organization and management. - 1746-5648 .- 1746-5656.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present how my positionality as a researcher alignedwith the works of Latour in terms of methodological inspirations and allowed me to develop acritical vantage point and simultaneously adopt a heterogeneously rather than hierarchicallyinformed approach to ordering the world, which I argue serves as a basis for a more inclusivestudy of management systems.Design/methodology/approach: I reflect over my own positionality as a researcher and sharehow my interpretation of Latour’s ontology through some of his ideas and concepts; particularlysymmetry, power, translation, and agency, allowed me to incorporate and organizeheterogeneous actors depicted in different empirical materials into space-time contexts andsubsequently theorize organizing and management practices as agential, multiple, andbecoming.Findings: A base in Latour’s ontology has equipped me with openness towards empiricalsettings, which I argue retains a democratic approach to theorization, i.e. theorization whichremains mindful of inadvertent assumptions about power, hierarchy or the taken for granted.This approach has also given me a form of personal resilience as a researcher.Originality: The originality of this paper lies in presenting and developing the concept ofmethod as democratizing. I argue that Latour’s approach to the empirical allows for at least twoforms of active democratizing, one relating to the researcher as self and the other in how itincorporates the empirical actors into research making possible the inclusivity of heterogeneityin analyses of organizations and organizing.
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| 10. |
- Babri, Maira, 1986-, et al.
(author)
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Moral Engagement Through Paradoxical Mindset : How role and task-consistent reasoning reduces space for moral reflection and action
- 2018
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Moral philosophers and ethical thinkers have long noted the intricate relationship between ethics and business. Business and ethics have often been seen as contradictory and incongruent, not least in the way ethics is incorporated into businesses. Business goals aiming to satisfy ethical- and business-related issues best work with integration. However, oftentimes, the strategies maybe well defined by management, yet the implementation is often left to employees in their daily practices. This paper focuses on contradictions individuals experience as they implement strategies to integrate ethics into their business. Our starting point is the challenge when well intending individuals pass contradictions on rather than dealing with them.Purpose: The main question we ask is: how do individuals frame their contradictory work related to the implementation of ethics goals? We focus on enhanced methods of training, which can lead to morally engaged organizational members.Method: This paper is inspired by observations made during an ethnographic case study of a Swedish multinational’s endeavor to integrate ethics into its procurement activities. This endeavor included a heavy focus on operationalizing and incorporating (by managers) and training (employees and contractors) in social, health and environmental aspects. Empirical observations, field-visits, and semi-structured interviews were conducted in both Sweden and China.Results: Focusing on the individual actor within the organizational context, we draw on theories from experimental psychology, business ethics as well as paradox and suggest that organizational member to be work with a paradoxical mindset which could enable moral engagement. Within such a context, we attribute great power to the individuals’ own sense of right and wrong and their ability to think and act upon a personal moral compass.
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