| 1. |
- Azoidou, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Battery Lifetime Modeling and Validation of Wireless Building Automation Devices in Thread
- 2018
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In: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : IEEE. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 14:7, s. 2869-2880
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The need for energy efficiency in wireless communication is prevalent in all areas, but to an even greater extent in low-power and lossy networks (LLN) that rely on resource constrained devices. This article seeks to address the problem of modeling the battery lifetime of a duty-cycled node, participating in a wireless sensor network that is typically used in smart home and building applications. Modeling in MATLAB and experimentation with prototype testing are employed to predict and validate. Various scenarios including sleepy end devices in a wireless sensor network are modeled and validated. They range from variable wake-up frequency and packet payload transmission to increasing network contention with the addition of network load. A comprehensive analysis of the main factors contributing to wasteful energy usage is provided. It can be concluded that the model can estimate the battery lifetime under different testing scenarios with an error rate less than 5 %.
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| 2. |
- Bag, Gargi, et al.
(author)
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Performance Evaluation of IEC 61850-90-5 over a latency optimized 3GPP LTE Network
- 2018
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In: 2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids, SmartGridComm 2018. - : IEEE. - 9781538679548
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper evaluates the performance of the IEC 61850-90-5 protocol stack transmitted over a latency optimized non-commercial 3GPP LTE network through experiments in a lab environment. IEC 61850-90-5 is designed for Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) communication but can also be extended to other areas of control and protection in smart grids, using the routable GOOSE and routable sample value features. The test was carried out using a PC that emulated a PMU in sending periodic IEC61850-90-5 packets. Different IEC 61850-90-5 packet sizes and transmission rates were considered to determine the availability, throughput and latency of the LTE based network. The latency was minimized by applying a low latency scheduling mechanism and local breakout where user plane functionality of the core network is located at the edge of the Radio Access network. From the results it can be seen that an LTE network with latency optimized configuration performs well in terms of throughput and latency whereas a reference network without local breakout show significantly higher latency and jitter.
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| 3. |
- Bag, Gargi, et al.
(author)
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Wireless Building Automation Devices Supporting Multiple Standards : Challenges and Feasibility
- 2016
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In: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2016 IEEE 11TH CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS AND APPLICATIONS (ICIEA). - 9781467386449 ; , s. 2101-2106
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Buildings will be more and more automated in future to cater for user's comfort, security and energy efficiency needs. Most of the building automation devices are expected to be in operation for a number of years. However in future, markets will be shared by a number of communication standard, which implies that the user may want to upgrade their device to another communication standard easily without having to discard the device. Right now such a flexibility is not provided. This paper proposes to utilize the most recently available chipset which support multiple wireless standard using the same hardware and can be easily switch between the standards if required. It then provides a detailed experimental evaluation of the chipset to determine the chipset's performance in terms of round trip time, packet delivery rate and coverage.
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| 4. |
- Lednicki, Luka, et al.
(author)
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Industrial IoT with Distributed Cloud Experiments using 5G LTE
- 2019
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In: IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems - Proceedings, WFCS. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781728112688
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With the evolution of 5G it is envisioned that industrial applications with different requirements on latency and availability can be offloaded to a distributed cloud infrastructure. For example, some applications with stringent timing requirements can be hosted at the edge of the mobile network, closer to the control hardware, whereas some applications with relaxed timing requirements can be hosted in a cloud located geographically further away.This paper presents a feasibility study of hosting control applications based on OPC UA communication in a distributed cloud with LTE connectivity to the control hardware. The study includes measurements of communication round-trip time and availability of the network comparing cases where the application is hosted at a local or regional cloud. The results indicate that it is feasible to deploy industrial applications in a distributed cloud with timing requirements in the order of 100ms.
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