| 1. |
- Balcerzyk, M., et al.
(author)
-
Energy resolution and light yield non-proportionality of ZnSe : Te scintillator studied by large area avalanche photodiodes and photomultipliers
- 2002
-
In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 482:3, s. 720-727
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ZnSe: Te scintillator has been studied by means of a photomultiplier with an extended bialkali photocathode, a large area avalanche photodiode (LAAPD) and a PIN photodiode. The light output was determined to be 28 300+/-1700 photons/MeV. Results indicate good proportionality for light output versus gamma-ray energy. Measurements of the 662 keV gamma-ray energy spectrum recorded using a LAAPD resulted in an energy resolution of 5.4+/-0.3%. Based on these results, an intrinsic energy resolution of 3.3+/-0.7% has been calculated.
|
|
| 2. |
- Moszynski, M., et al.
(author)
-
Energy resolution and non-proportionality of the light yield of pure CsI at liquid nitrogen temperatures
- 2005
-
In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 537:02-jan, s. 357-362
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The energy resolution and non-proportionality of the light yield versus gamma-ray energy of pure CsI scintillators directly coupled to Large Area Avalanche Photodiodes (LAAPDs) and cooled down to the liquid nitrogen temperatures have been studied. A very high light output above 100 000 ph/MeV was measured. One of the samples showed nearly proportional light yield response versus energy of gamma-rays yielding energy resolution of 4.3-0.2% for 662 keV gamma-rays from a (CS)-C-137 source. The intrinsic resolution of the crystals versus energy of gamma-rays has been estimated by measurements of the number of primary electron-hole pairs generated in LAAPD by scintillation light. Inspection of the gamma-ray-induced emission spectra of tested samples allows discussing different shapes of non-proportionality curves observed with various samples of CsI.
|
|
| 3. |
- Moszynski, M., et al.
(author)
-
Study of pure NaI at room and liquid nitrogen temperatures
- 2003
-
In: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. - 0018-9499 .- 1558-1578. ; 50:4, s. 767-773
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Three pure NaI crystals grown in different batches by Scionix (The Netherlands) were studied at room and liquid nitrogen temperatures. The room temperature studies performed with photomultiplier readout covered measurements of emission spectra, photoelectrons yield and energy resolution. Moreover, the scintillation light poises were measured by single photon method. Two crystals showed the photoelectron yield of about 1000 phe/MeV measured at room temperature with an XP2020Q photomultiplier. The energy resolution of the 662 keV photopeak was measured to, be about 16% and was limited mainly by a low number of photoelectrons and a large nonproportionality of the light yield. The fast light pulse had the main decay time components of 1 and 5 ns. The high initial photon intensity of the tested NaI crystals revealed a good timing. resolution of about 140 ps obtained for Co-60 gamma-rays. At. liquid nitrogen temperatures the measurements of light yield and energy resolution were performed using An Advanced Photonix, Inc. avalanche photodiode readout A high light output above 80 000 ph/MeV was measured for the best of the tested crystals. The energy resolutions of the 662 kAV photopeak of the three crystals differ a lot, varying from an excellent value of 3.8% to 6.2%. This suggests that the measured, pies energy resolutions depend on the purity of the scintillator samples reflected in the emission spectral The studies that were performed demonstrate the attractive properties of pure NaI at both room and LN2 temperature.
|
|
| 4. |
- Kapusta, M., et al.
(author)
-
Comparison of the scintillation properties of LSO : Ce manufactured by different laboratories and of LGSO : Ce
- 2000
-
In: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-9499 .- 1558-1578. ; 47:4, s. 1341-1345
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We measured photoelectron yield, light output, decay times of the light pulses, cerium concentration, energy resolution and time resolution of LSO:Ce manufactured by different laboratories and LGSO:Ce. The LSO samples show excellent scintillation properties: high light output, close to 30,000 ph/MeV and good energy resolution of 7.3% FWHM for Cs-137 gamma-source full energy peak. Time resolution measured in geometry fulfilling the PET scanners requirements is equal to 450 ps. We also present results fi om the measurements with LGSO:Ce by Hitachi Chemical Co., which is of similar chemical composition to LSO. LGSO, at present stage of development, shows about 20% lower light output than LSO and energy resolution of 12.4% FWHM for 662 keV gamma-rays. LSO crystals used in our studies posses similar in scintillation properties, although we suppose that the details of the productions method are different due to the differences in Ce concentration. LGSO is a new and very promising scintillator due to lower background radiation in comparison to LSO, but it features worse energy resolution and smaller number of photoelectrons.
|
|
| 5. |
- Klamra, Wlodzimierz, et al.
(author)
-
Studies of scintillation light nonproportionality of ZnSe(Te), CsI(Tl) and YAP(Ce) crystals using heavy ions
- 2002
-
In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 484:03-jan, s. 327-332
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The scintillation light yield for ZnSe(Te), CsI(T1) and YAP(Ce) crystals have been studied with alpha particles, C-12 and Br-81 in the energy region 2.8-42.2 MeV. A nonproportional behavior was observed, mostly pronounced for alpha particles on YAP(Ce). The results are understood in terms of delta-rays effect.
|
|
| 6. |
- Klamra, Wlodzimierz, et al.
(author)
-
Light yield non-proportionality of undoped YAP scintillator
- 2009
-
In: Journal of Instrumentation. - : IOP Publishing. - 1748-0221. ; 4
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Scintillation properties of undoped YAP crystal were studied. The emission spectra show a very intense light component at 360 nm. Analysis of the light pulse shape resulted in five components, four of them, with time constants of 38+/-2 ns, 92+/-3 ns, 7.5+/-0.5 mu s and 24+/-3 mu s, representing high light intensity. The light yield was found to be temperature dependent, N-ph=3090+/-130 ph/MeV at liquid nitrogen temperature and N-ph=1440+/-60 ph/MeV at room temperature. Also the light yield non-proportionality shows temperature dependence and is more pronounced at room temperature.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
