| 1. |
- Abid, Suleman, et al.
(author)
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Synthesis and characterization of glycol chitosan coated selenium nanoparticles acts synergistically to alleviate oxidative stress and increase ginsenoside content in Panax ginseng
- 2021
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In: Carbohydrate Polymers. - : Elsevier BV. - 0144-8617. ; 267
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The objective of the present study is synthesis of glycol chitosan coated selenium nanoparticles (GC-Se NPs) and evaluation of oxidative stress and ginsenoside accumulation in P. ginseng C. A. Meyer. We synthesized (Se NPs and GC-Se NPs) and characterized using various spectroscopic analyses. The highest concentration (20 mg L−1) of GC-Se NPs induced moderate ROS (O2[rad]− and H2O2) accumulation and upregulation of PgSOD and PgCAT showing good biocompatibility and less toxicity at the highest concentration. Furthermore, ginsenoside biosynthetic pathway genes (PgHMGR, PgSS, PgSE, PgDDS) also showed significant upregulation upon 20 mg L−1 GC-Se NPs treatment. At 20 mg L−1 GC-Se NPs treatment, ginsenoside accumulated upto 217.47 mg/mL and 169.86 mg/mL mainly due to the increased proportion of Rb1 and Re ginsenosides. Altogether, our results suggested that ecofriendly conjugation of GC with Se NPs could be used as a bio fortifier to enhance the ginsenoside profile and to increase the quality of ginseng roots.
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| 2. |
- Balusamy, Sri Renukadevi, et al.
(author)
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A comprehensive and systemic review of ginseng-based nanomaterials: Synthesis, targeted delivery, and biomedical applications
- 2023
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In: Medicinal Research Reviews. - : Wiley. - 0198-6325 .- 1098-1128. ; 43:5, s. 1374-1410
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Among 17 Panax species identified across the world, Panax ginseng (Korean ginseng), Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng), and Panax notoginseng (Chinese ginseng) are highly recognized for the presence of bioactive compound, ginsenosides and their pharmacological effects. P. ginseng is widely used for synthesis of different types of nanoparticles compared to P. quinquefolius and P. notoginseng. The use of nano-ginseng could increase the oral bioavailability, membrane permeability, and thus provide effective delivery of ginsenosides to the target sites through transport system. In this review, we explore the synthesis of ginseng nanoparticles using plant extracts from various organs, microbes, and polymers, as well as their biomedical applications. Furthermore, we highlight transporters involved in transport of ginsenoside nanoparticles to the target sites. Size, zeta potential, temperature, and pH are also discussed as the critical parameters affecting the quality of ginseng nanoparticles synthesis.
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| 3. |
- Balusamy, Sri Renukadevi, et al.
(author)
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Advancing sustainable agriculture: a critical review of smart and eco-friendly nanomaterial applications
- 2023
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In: Journal of Nanobiotechnology. - 1477-3155. ; 21:1
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Undoubtedly, nanoparticles are one of the ideal choices for achieving challenges related to bio sensing, drug delivery, and biotechnological tools. After gaining success in biomedical research, scientists are exploring various types of nanoparticles for achieving sustainable agriculture. The active nanoparticles can be used as a direct source of micronutrients or as a delivery platform for delivering the bioactive agrochemicals to improve crop growth, crop yield, and crop quality. Till date, several reports have been published showing applications of nanotechnology in agriculture. For instance, several methods have been employed for application of nanoparticles; especially metal nanoparticles to improve agriculture. The physicochemical properties of nanoparticles such as core metal used to synthesize the nanoparticles, their size, shape, surface chemistry, and surface coatings affect crops, soil health, and crop-associated ecosystem. Therefore, selecting nanoparticles with appropriate physicochemical properties and applying them to agriculture via suitable method stands as smart option to achieve sustainable agriculture and improved plant performance. In presented review, we have compared various methods of nanoparticle application in plants and critically interpreted the significant differences to find out relatively safe and specific method for sustainable agricultural practice. Further, we have critically analyzed and discussed the different physicochemical properties of nanoparticles that have direct influence on plants in terms of nano safety and nanotoxicity. From literature review, we would like to point out that the implementation of smaller sized metal nanoparticles in low concentration via seed priming and foliar spray methods could be safer method for minimizing nanotoxicity, and for exhibiting better plant performance during stress and non-stressed conditions. Moreover, using nanomaterials for delivery of bioactive agrochemicals could pose as a smart alternative for conventional chemical fertilizers for achieving the safer and cleaner technology in sustainable agriculture. While reviewing all the available literature, we came across some serious drawbacks such as the lack of proper regulatory bodies to control the usage of nanomaterials and poor knowledge of the long-term impact on the ecosystem which need to be addressed in near future for comprehensive knowledge of applicability of green nanotechnology in agriculture.
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| 4. |
- Balusamy, Sri Renukadevi, et al.
(author)
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Chitosan, chitosan nanoparticles and modified chitosan biomaterials, a potential tool to combat salinity stress in plants
- 2022
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In: Carbohydrate Polymers. - : Elsevier BV. - 0144-8617. ; 284
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Chitosan being non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable gained considerable interest among agriculturists. Our research review discusses about the role of Cs, chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs), and modified chitosan biomaterials (CsBMs) under salt stress to improve growth parameters such as plant height, weight, stem width, fruit yield, pigments such as chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents, as well as antioxidant and non-antioxidative enzymes. Upon Cs treatment and salt stress, total aminoacids (TAA), glutamic acids, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were increased. Furthermore, Cs activated SOS1 pathway and increased various gene transcripts involved in sodium compartmentalization, proton motive force, energy production, and phenol metabolism. On the other hand, CsNPs and modified CsBMs treated plants under salinity stress increased indole terpene alkaloid metabolism, defense related genes, decreased ROS production by enhancing JA signaling, increased essential oil, anthocyanins, membrane stability, alkaloids, and diterpene glycosides. This is the first review that specifically brings insights about the physiological and biochemical parameters of the plants by comparing Cs/CsNPs/modified CsBMs treatment options under salt stress and encourages the use of CsNPs and modified CsBMs compared to Cs for better plant function under salinity stress.
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| 5. |
- Perumalsamy, Haribalan, et al.
(author)
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A comprehensive review on Moringa oleifera nanoparticles: importance of polyphenols in nanoparticle synthesis, nanoparticle efficacy and their applications
- 2024
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In: Journal of Nanobiotechnology. - 1477-3155. ; 22:1
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Moringa oleifera is one of the popular functional foods that has been tremendously exploited for synthesis of a vast majority of metal nanoparticles (NPs). The diverse secondary metabolites present in this plant turn it into a green tool for synthesis of different NPs with various biological activities. In this review, we discussed different types of NPs including silver, gold, titanium oxide, iron oxide, and zinc oxide NPs produced from the extract of different parts of M. oleifera. Different parts of M. oleifera take a role as the reducing, stabilizing, capping agent, and depending on the source of extract, the color of solution changes within NP synthesis. We highlighted the role of polyphenols in the synthesis of NPs among major constituents of M. oleifera extract. The different synthesis methods that could lead to the formation of various sizes and shapes of NPs and play crucial role in biomedical application were critically discussed. We further debated the mechanism of interaction of NPs with various sizes and shapes with the cells, and further their clearance from the body. The application of NPs made from M. oleifera extract as anticancer, antimicrobial, wound healing, and water treatment agent were also discussed. Small NPs show better antimicrobial activity, while they can be easily cleared from the body through the kidney. In contrast, large NPs are taken by the mono nuclear phagocyte system (MPS) cells. In case of shape, the NPs with spherical shape penetrate into the bacteria, and show stronger antibacterial activity compared to the NPs with other shapes. Finally, this review aims to correlate the key characteristics of NPs made from M. oleifera extract, such as size and shape, to their interactions with the cells for designing and engineering them for bio-applications and especially for therapeutic purposes. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.)
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