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- Bannova, Olga, 1964
(author)
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Architectural approach to planning in the extreme arctic environment.
- 2016
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In: archiDOCT: Transformable Architecture. - 2309-0103. ; 4:1, s. 53-67
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Extreme environments in Polar Regions share similar facilities and operations, design and planning challenges: extreme cold temperatures, structural problems, high standards for materials, resources limitations (including people), transportation and logistics. Nevertheless, they differ depending on local cultural and social traditions and climate challenges specific to a particular region. Environmental hardships create challenges that reflect on sets of architectural requirements. The paper discusses these challenges and their influences on form developing factors, site orientation and circulation, - factors that affect budget considerations as well. The paper also discusses criticality of addressing such impacts at the programming design stage especially in challenging environments, in order to avoid costly adjustments at later development stages.The paper argues that integrating an architectural approach into planning of construction and related to it activities in Polar Regions is critical for enabling sustainability and resilient strategies there. The importance of such integration comes from the fact that engineering-oriented developers follow strictly industry-specific technical regulations and standards. Simultaneously, planning construction work and design in extreme conditions becomes a more complex process that calls for a new methodology, which would differ from common regulatory “checklists” that most companies implement in their practices there.This paper outlines and categorizes recurrent and specific to extreme environment and conditions events based on select research methods that include verbal data collection and case studies analysis. Figures Of Merit method employed for identification of important lessons that can be applied across different settings; and the ‘HSB Sustainable Living Lab’ project is suggested for effectiveness and verification purposes.Understanding of relationships and influences between different facets of human society and architecture can help to find a design approach and optimize needs and requirements for various types of people living and working in extreme environments of Polar Regions, their societies and cultures.
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2. |
- Bannova, Olga, 1964, et al.
(author)
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Architectural Engineering Approach to Developing a Matrix for Planning in Extreme Environments
- 2014
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In: 14th ASCE International Conference on Engineering, Science, Construction and Operations in Challenging Environments. Proceedings. - Reston, VA : American Society of Civil Engineers. - 9780784479179
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Extreme environments on Earth share similar facilities and operations, design and planning challenges. Each environment presents special lessons regarding housing design, crew/staff operations and training, and equipment and logistical requirements for human activities. The paper discusses these challenges and lessons. Recurrent and specific to environment and conditions events are outlined and categorized based on case studies reviews and literature summary. Understanding of relationships and influences between different facets of human society and architecture can help to find a design approach which would optimize needs and requirements for various types of people living in different environments, societies and cultures. Environmental conditions affecting architectural requirements include form developing factors, site orientation and circulation, and budget considerations. They have to be addressed at the programming design stage in order to avoid costly adjustments at later development stages. It is even more critical in case of designing for challenging environments.
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3. |
- Bannova, Olga, 1964, et al.
(author)
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Autonomous Architecture: Summit Station in Greenland Design Proposal as a Test-Bed for Future Planetary Exploration
- 2005
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In: 35th International Conference on Environmental Systems (ICES) proceedings.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper reports results of collaboration between the Sasakawa International Center for Space Architecture (SICSA), Houston, USA and the Applied Computing and Mechanics Laboratory (IMAC), Lausanne, Switzerland. A design project has been initiated in response to growing international scientific research interest at Summit Station in Greenland and a requirement for better accommodation and support. Research at IMAC involves the study of intelligent cable-strut structures that are adaptable and self repairing. An architectural and engineering development approach as well as conceptual proposals for the Summit Station in Greenland for science research and operational support is proposed.The proposed facility in Greenland supports 50 people during the summer season and 25 people during the wintertime. Primary elements of the modular configuration include a triangular platform with two upper floors that is supported by three jacking columns. This approach means that structure can be adjusted to accommodate differential settlement of supports. An adaptable apron structure around the primary platform is used to modify the form of the underside of the platform to maintain predetermined clearance criteria between the structure and level below, thereby avoiding excessive snow accumulating around the building and minimizing drifting and scour underneath it (on Mars, dust storms might be the difficulty). A separate structure for a mechanical shop and power support is added to complete the initial configuration. Important priorities are to provide a high quality environment and to minimize development, construction and operational costs while optimizing safety, versatility, autonomy and human factors.Testing of a plywood model of the primary facility that was installed in Summit in May 2005 and a wind tunnel model at EPFL confirmed that if the structure was not sufficiently elevated, drifting could bury it. Important parameters are the shape of the building, the form of the bottom of the platform, snow accumulation points, snow drift distribution, wind direction, wind speed and distance between the structure and the snow surface.
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4. |
- Bannova, Olga, 1964, et al.
(author)
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Can We Test Design for Coming Interplanetary Expeditions in the Arctic?
- 2006
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In: AIAA 10.2514/6.2006-7343. ; , s. 1702-1711
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- New space exploration programs around the world show growing demand on research in human factors, interaction between crew members and their habitat environment, human and robotic relations. The year 2007-2008 is announced as an International Polar Year that presents an excellent opportunity to develop a project for extreme environment and to investigate design challenges and test bed opportunities for space applications. Proposed paper will discuss key space architectural aspects of designing for extreme environments and reciprocity between terrestrial and space architecture in a dialogue between space architecture and space psychology. Experiences from past polar expeditions and habitats can act as background information in the design process focused on: survivability, functionality and quality of life for the crew. The paper will discuss application of these principles to design study for a planned new research station on the centre icecap in Greenland.
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5. |
- Bannova, Olga, 1964
(author)
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Design considerations for exterior and interior configurations of surface habitat modules
- 2007
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In: JBIS. Journal of the British Interplanetary Society. - 0007-084X. ; 60:9, s. 331-338
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Planning for long-duration lunar and Mars exploration missions must provide appropriate human support accommodations to optimize crew comfort, health, morale, performance and safety. Important requirements to make planetary exploration missions successful are to create habitats and facilities offering the maximum possible space and volume for human and mission needs, minimize site preparation and module assembly time and offer on-site equipment readiness in the fewest number of launches. The paper addresses two general types of habitat structures: vertical and horizontal. Both of these approaches offer special advantages, but also impose special planning considerations to optimize benefits. Goals are to maximize habitability, crew safety, spatial efficiency, functional versatility and EVA access/egress from the surface. While complying with the strictly constrained diameter and length dimensions imposed by Earth launch vehicles, landing limitations and surface mobility restrictions. Illustrative concepts are presented showing examples of interior layouts, functional areas and equipment systems.
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6. |
- Bannova, Olga, 1964
(author)
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Designing for Extremes
- 2016
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The starting point of this research is based on personal experience in research and design for extreme environments, including orbital and lunar planetary facilities, disaster shelters, polar stations and offshore surface and submersible habitats. This work reflects on related to research problem technical papers, discussions with professionals about their work experience with projects in extreme conditions, and students' workshops debating strategies to form sustainable behavior and design practices.Historically, projects in extreme environments are conducted following corporate- and professional checklists, which often fail to integrate important and inter-dependent sub-elements of the design process. In addition to technical challenges, projects in extreme environments deal with significant psychological challenges, due to isolation-, confinement-, deprivation-, and risk factors that planners and building designers must consider. The complexity of the problem requires a multi-disciplinary approach. Therefore, this research proposes a unified design methodology where human-related sub-element couplings are also addressed. This study finds that an interdisciplinary, comprehensive approach includes highlighting influences upon general habitat requirements, and constraints upon delivery, construction, and special provisions for safety and hazard intervention. Optimization of such design requirements based on a summary of design considerations is a key element of the matrix methodology.In a summary, the proposed methodology offers a consistent strategy for building design, staff operations and training, as well as equipment and logistical requirements for human activities. It facilitates a dialogue between all areas of expertise involved in designing, planning, living and working on site. emphasizing the importance of equal attention to all elements of the project development, including human factors and psychological aspects, in design and planning processes. Such an approach is essential to enable successful sustainable development and maintenance practices.The next steps of the research advancement are discussed including potentials of the proposed matrix methodology, which includes evolutionary databases, to serve as a foundation for developing an interactive software program for risk assessment, system-operations integration, logistics and safety.
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7. |
- Bannova, Olga, 1964, et al.
(author)
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Designing From Minimum to Optimum Functionality.
- 2011
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In: Acta Astronautica. - 0094-5765. ; 68:7-8, s. 760-769
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper discusses a multifaceted strategy to link NASA Minimal Functionality Habitable Element (MFHE) requirements to a compatible growth plan; leading forward to evolutionary, deployable habitats including outpost development stages. The discussion begins by reviewing fundamental geometric features inherent in small scale, vertical and horizontal, pressurized module configuration options to characterize applicability to meet stringent MFHE constraints.A proposed scenario to incorporate a vertical core MFHE concept into an expanded architecture to provide continuity of structural form and geometric logic bridging between “minimum” and “optimum”.The paper describes how habitation and logistics accommodations could be pre-integrated into a common Hab/Log Module that serves both habitation and logistics functions. This is offered as a means to reduce unnecessary redundant development costs and to avoid EVA-intensive on-site adaptation and retrofitting requirements for augmented crew capacity. An evolutionary version of the hard shell Hab/Log design would have an expandable middle section to afford larger living and working accommodations.In conclusion, the paper illustrates that a number of cargo missions referenced for NASA’s 4.0.0 Lunar Campaign Scenario could be eliminated altogether to expedite progress and reduce budgets. The plan concludes with a vertical growth geometry that provides versatile and efficient site development opportunities using a combination of hard Hab/Log modules and a hybrid expandable “CLAM” element.
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8. |
- Bannova, Olga, 1964, et al.
(author)
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Experiments in mapping human factors for sustainable design and living
- 2014
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In: R. García Mira & A. Dumitru (Eds.), Urban Sustainability: Innovative Spaces, Vulnerabilities and Opportunities. A Coruña: Institute of Psychosocial Studies and Research “Xoan Vicente Viqueira”. - 9788498122435 ; , s. 117-130
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper explores architectural design considerations regarding challenges of sustainable living, drawing parallels to extreme environments, in relation to user-centered design research conducted by researchers at Chalmers University of Technology, University of Houston and NASA. It further discusses application in the context of a Sustainable Living Lab, to be built as student housing on the Chalmers campus. Extreme environments are here defined as places that pose significant complications and risks for people to maintain their usual everyday activities with a certain level of physical and psychological comfort. The research addresses the need for integrated solutions, and the conscious development of sustainable strategies based in an understanding of human factors and residential practices. The paper presents a theoretical and methodological background for a proposed experimental ‘design/build/live’ approach and results from initial studies with students on user perceptions and ideation. Findings indicate that an optimization of spatial or material use can be found for example in a reassessment of activities perceived as private or shared, as well as the spatial compatibility of different functions, informing the design of facilities and building systems, as well as social organization and demands for supporting systems. Perceptions on changing practices towards shared use, and the value of co-creation processes for enabling sustainable living practices are emphasized.
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9. |
- Bannova, Olga, 1964
(author)
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Extreme environments - Design and human factors considerations
- 2014
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The starting point of this research is based on my experience at SICSA performing research and design for extreme environments, including orbital and lunar planetary facilities, disaster shelters, polar stations and offshore surface and submersible habitats. This thesis explores what aspects and issues of design and planning processes in extreme environments have to be addressed in a similar way and therefore may be used as a basis for further work toward PhD thesis to develop a methodological planning tool or matrix. That "tool" will be proposed for the purpose of facilitating a dialogue between all parties involved during developments in extreme conditions of Polar Regions.This work investigates both sides of any activity's planning process for Polar Regions: physical conditions and human factors and as an important part of the latter – possible human error complications. The complexity of the problem calls for a multi-disciplinary approach where the many facets of sustainability have to be also addressed. Dealing with the difficulty of combining multiple components is a role for an architect as a facilitator for a dialogue between all actors involved in development activities in extreme environments.Although requirements and hardships specific to diverse extreme environments are outlined at the beginning of the text, the study is later more focused on polar and boreal sites and based on two case studies located there. The text is also based on an overview of related to research problem technical papers, discussions with professionals about their work experience with projects in extreme conditions, and students' workshops debating strategies to form sustainable behavior and design practices.This study finds that an interdisciplinary, comprehensive approach includes highlighting influences upon general habitat requirements, and constraints upon delivery, construction, and special provisions for safety and hazard intervention. Optimization of such design requirements based on a summary of design considerations will be a key element for future development of systematic planning approach.In summary, the next steps of the research advancement are outlined; emphasizing the importance of equal attention to all elements of the project development, including human factors and psychological aspects, in design and planning processes. Such an approach is essential to enable successful sustainable development and maintenance practices.
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10. |
- Bannova, Olga, 1964, et al.
(author)
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Space architecture, a tool to remove roadblocks on the space exploration highway
- 2016
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In: Proceedings of the International Astronautical Congress, IAC. - 0074-1795. ; 0
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Space agencies around the world have been planning manned space missions to Moon, Mars, and asteroids for decades. There have been ups and downs on that road but real dreamers of space exploration never gave up the idea and once in a while return to the plans of humans becoming multi-planetary species. One of the major roadblocks for making such plans a reality is the fact that long-term surface missions cannot be realized without convincing the public and governments in their feasibility. Avenues for private and public to space exploration so that they can see themselves being equal partners of space endeavors need to be created. How design research and design itself can help to accomplish this task? Or generally speaking, can design help? This paper investigates those questions through reviews and illustrations drawn from exploratory design projects conducted by master students in the USA, Europe and Russia. The overview includes objectives and design strategies, design stages and transitions between mission's objectives while still targeting the main goal of the mission. The overview leads and summarizes in the discussion about current limitations in bringing space exploration closer to public and private interests. The paper argues potentials of using of space architecture tools to achieve this goal. Copyright © 2016 by the International Astronautical Federation (IAF). All rights reserved.
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