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- Albæk, Karsten, et al.
(author)
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Bedre sent enn aldri? Hvordan sen fullføring av videregående skole påvirker tidlig karriere
- 2020
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In: Søkelys på arbeidslivet. - : Scandinavian University Press / Universitetsforlaget AS. - 1504-8004 .- 1504-7989. ; 37:1-2, s. 124-141
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Får ungdom i Norden som fullfører videregående skole mellom 21 og 28 års alder bedre tilgang til arbeidsmarkedetenn de som ikke har fullført ved 28? Vi finner at de som har fullført innen 28 års alder, har 12-15 prosentpoeng laveresannsynlighet for å være NEET (Not in Employment, Education or Training) enn de som ikke har fullført. Når vikontrollerer for sosioøkonomisk bakgrunn og særlig for tidlige skole-til-arbeid overganger mellom 16 og 20 år for-svinner mye av forskjellene mellom land, men fortsatt gjenstår de fleste av forskjellene mellom de som fullfører sentog de som ikke fullfører.
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| 2. |
- Albæk, Karsten, et al.
(author)
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Better Late Than Never? How Late Completion Affects the Early Careers of Dropouts
- 2019
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Across the OECD countries, dropouts from upper secondary schooling fare worse in the labor market, with higher NEET rates more spells of unemployment and lower earnings. Among the dropouts, there are however significant shares who complete at a later age. In this paper, we thus ask the question: Does it pay for young adults who do not complete upper secondary schooling by the age of 21, to do so at some point during the subsequent 7 years, that is, before turning 28? In all four Nordic countries under scrutiny, we find that late completion lowers the probability of being outside employment, education or training (NEET) at age 28. Moreover, the exact age of completion does not seem to matter. Our estimates are robust to the inclusion of extensive controls for socioeconomic background and early schooling paths, and similar to the ones produced by event history analysis with individual fixed effects. This indicates that late completion of upper secondary schooling plays an important role for the labor market inclusion of young dropouts.
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- Hensvik, Lena, 1981-
(author)
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The effects of markets, managers and peers on worker outcomes
- 2011
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Essay 1: This essay exploits the entry of private independent high schools in Sweden to examine how local school competition affects the wages and the mobility of teachers in a market with individual wage bargaining. Using rich matched employer-employee panel data covering all high school teachers over a period of 16 years, I show that the entry of private schools is associated with higher teacher salaries, including higher salaries for teachers in public schools. The wage returns from competition are highest for teachers entering the profession and for teachers trained in math and science. Private school entry has also increased wage dispersion between high- and low-skilled teachers within the same field. Several robustness checks support a causal interpretation of the results, which draw attention to the potential effects of school competition on teacher supply, through the more differentiated wage setting of teachers. Essay 2: (with Olof Åslund and Oskar Nordström Skans) We investigate how manager origin affects hiring patterns, job separations, and entry wages. The analysis, draws on a longitudinal matched employer-employee data including more than 100,000 workplaces during a nine year period. Immigrant managers are substantially more likely to hire immigrants, a result robust to comparisons within 5-digit industry and location as well as within firms across establishments. The finding holds also when we follow establishments that change management over time, even accounting for trends. Origin dissimilarity increases separations within the first year of employment, but there is no impact on entry wages. Several results point to information asymmetries as an important explanation to the patterns. Essay 3: The third essay examines whether women benefit from working under female management. I use matched employer-employee panel data for Sweden, which enables me to account for unobserved heterogeneity among both workers and firms. In line with existing work, I document a substantial negative correlation between the proportion of female managers and the establishment’s gender wage gap. However, most of this relationship reflects worker heterogeneity, suggesting that sorting is an important explanation for the lower gender wage difference in female-led firms. Further analysis supports this conclusion by showing that while female managers are not more likely to hire same-sex workers per se, they do indeed hire women with higher portable earnings capacity. Essay 4: (with Peter Nilsson) We analyze how peer effects among co‑workers affect fertility using population‑wide matched employer-employee panel data. We provide evidence on if, when, why and for whom co‑workers’ fertility decisions matter. Overall the impact of co-workers on own fertility is of the same magnitude as the effect of being one year older in the age span 20 to 30. “Same-type” co‑workers are particularly influential, although social status and own previous childbearing experiences modify the influence of peers in distinct ways. Peers’ fertility decisions matter most when the uncertainty about job-related costs of childbearing is low. The results provide insights to the sharp fluctuations in fertility rates observed in many countries, and give an indication of how social interactions affect important career related decisions.
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- Kolsrud, Jonas, 1980-
(author)
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Insuring Against Unemployment
- 2013
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper studies optimal public unemployment insurance (UI) when workers have the possibility of topping-up public UI with private UI that is endogenous to public UI and subject to moral hazard. The issue is analyzed with a theoretical model in which publicly insured workers, who differ in layoff risk, hidden to the planner, are offered to top-up public UI with private UI. In the model, high risk workers top-up while low risk workers abstain from private UI. The result is lower public UI while UI with top-up is more generous compared to UI in a purely public system. Less risk pooling, however, leads to higher costs for mixed UI provision. Then, I show that the effect of public UI on assets, private UI and unemployment duration can be used as sufficient statistics to calibrate the impact on welfare from public UI in the presence of private UI. I estimate the effects using data on a Swedish union run top-up scheme. Identification is achieved using a kinked public UI benefit rule. Calibrating the model shows that workers with mixed UI experience a negative impact on welfare from increased public UI while those with only public UI seem to have about optimal UI coverage.
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