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- Abbafati, Cristiana, et al.
(author)
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- 2020
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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- Kinyoki, DK, et al.
(author)
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Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017
- 2020
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In: Nature medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-170X .- 1078-8956. ; 26:5, s. 750-759
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic.
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- Schult, A. L., et al.
(author)
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Women require routine opioids to prevent painful colonoscopies: a randomised controlled trial
- 2021
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 56:12, s. 1480-1489
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Women are at high risk for painful colonoscopy. Pain, but also sedation, are barriers to colorectal cancer (CRC) screening participation. In a randomised controlled trial, we compared on-demand with pre-colonoscopy opioid administration to control pain in women at CRC screening age. Methods Women, aged 55-79 years, attending colonoscopy at two Norwegian endoscopy units were randomised 1:1:1 to (1) fentanyl on-demand, (2) fentanyl prior to colonoscopy, or (3) alfentanil on-demand. The primary endpoint was procedural pain reported by the patients on a validated four-point Likert scale and further dichotomized for the study into painful (moderate or severe pain) and non-painful (slight or no pain) colonoscopy. Secondary endpoints were: willingness to repeat colonoscopy, adverse events, cecal intubation time and rate, and post-procedure recovery time. Results Between June 2017 and May 2020, 183 patients were included in intention-to-treat analyses in the fentanyl on-demand group, 177 in the fentanyl prior to colonoscopy group, and 179 in the alfentanil on-demand group. Fewer women receiving fentanyl prior to colonoscopy reported a painful colonoscopy compared to those who were given fentanyl on-demand (25.2% vs. 44.1%, p < .001). There was no difference in the proportion of painful colonoscopies between fentanyl on-demand and alfentanil on-demand (44.1% vs. 39.5%, p = .40). No differences were observed for adverse events or any of the other secondary endpoints between the three groups. Conclusions Fentanyl prior to colonoscopy provided better pain control than fentanyl or alfentanil on-demand. Fentanyl before colonoscopy should be recommended to all women at screening age.
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- Juul, FE, et al.
(author)
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Mortality in Norway and Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic
- 2022
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In: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 50:1, s. 38-45
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Norway and Sweden are similar countries in terms of socioeconomics and health care. Norway implemented extensive COVID-19 measures, such as school closures and lockdowns, whereas Sweden did not. Aims: To compare mortality in Norway and Sweden, two similar countries with very different mitigation measures against COVID-19. Methods: Using real-world data from national registries, we compared all-cause and COVID-19-related mortality rates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) per 100,000 person-weeks and mortality rate ratios (MRR) comparing the five preceding years (2015–2019) with the pandemic year (2020) in Norway and Sweden. Results: In Norway, all-cause mortality was stable from 2015 to 2019 (mortality rate 14.6–15.1 per 100,000 person-weeks; mean mortality rate 14.9) and was lower in 2020 than from 2015 to 2019 (mortality rate 14.4; MRR 0.97; 95% CI 0.96–0.98). In Sweden, all-cause mortality was stable from 2015 to 2018 (mortality rate 17.0–17.8; mean mortality rate 17.1) and similar to that in 2020 (mortality rate 17.6), but lower in 2019 (mortality rate 16.2). Compared with the years 2015–2019, all-cause mortality in the pandemic year was 3% higher due to the lower rate in 2019 (MRR 1.03; 95% CI 1.02–1.04). Excess mortality was confined to people aged ⩾70 years in Sweden compared with previous years. The COVID-19-associated mortality rates per 100,000 person-weeks during the first wave of the pandemic were 0.3 in Norway and 2.9 in Sweden. Conclusions: All-cause mortality in 2020 decreased in Norway and increased in Sweden compared with previous years. The observed excess deaths in Sweden during the pandemic may, in part, be explained by mortality displacement due to the low all-cause mortality in the previous year.
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- Mahanta, C., et al.
(author)
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Preliminary assessment of arsenic distribution in brahmaputra river basin of India based on examination of 56,180 public groundwater wells
- 2015
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In: Safe and Sustainable Use of Arsenic-Contaminated Aquifers in the Gangetic Plain: A Multidisciplinary Approach. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319161242 ; , s. 57-64
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Arsenic (As) rich groundwater in alluvial aquifers is a worldwide problem (Nriagu JO, Bhattacharya P, Mukherjee AB, Bundschuh J, Zevenhoven R, Loeppert RH, Arsenic in soil and groundwater: an introduction. In: Bhattacharya P, Mukherjee AB, Bundschuh J, Zevenhoven R, Loeppert RH (eds) Arsenic in soil and groundwater environment: biogeochemical interactions, health effects and remediation. Trace metals and other contaminants in the environment, vol 9 (Ser Ed Nriagu JO). Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2007). Elevated arsenic concentrations have long been detected in Southeast Asia (e.g. Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam, Cambodia and Lao), India, Bangladesh, China, Mongolia, Nepal and Pakistan (Smedley PL, Kinniburgh DG, Appl Geochem 17:517-568, 2002). Recent reports of discovery of arsenic (As) enrichment in groundwater of the Brahmaputra river basin (Bhattacharya P, Mukherjee A, Mukherjee AB, Arsenic contaminated groundwater of India. In: Nriagu J (ed) Encyclopedia of environmental health. Elsevier B.V, Amsterdam, 2011) has exposed a significantly large population inhabiting in the river valley to serious health threats, although the actual distribution and extent of the As affected groundwater in the aquifers are yet to be established. Because of its vicinity to the highly As rich groundwater regions of Bengal basin (Bangladesh and West Bengal state of India), the extent of the polluted areas within the Brahmaputra basin may be much wider than what is initially understood. Groundwater arsenic contamination in the Brahmaputra basin aquifers in Assam, a state in the northeastern part of India, has started gaining attention relatively recently. Singh (Arsenic contamination in groundwater of North Eastern India. In: Proceedings of 11th national symposium on hydrology with focal theme on water quality. National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, 2004) reported maximum groundwater arsenic concentrations in Jorhat district (Fig. 4.1), located in the southern bank of the Brahmaputra river in Assam (maximum groundwater As concentration ranges between 194 and 657 μg/L), with relatively lower concentrations in the northern bank like Lakhimpur district (50-550 μg/L). Based on studies conducted in Darrang and Bongaigaon districts located in the northern bank (Fig. 4.1) of the Brahmaputra river in Assam, Enmark and Nordborg (Arsenic in the groundwater of the Brahmaputra floodplains, Assam, India-Source, distribution and release, mechanisms. Retrieved from the url: www2.lwr.kth.se/Publikationer/PDF_Files/MFS_2007_131.pdf, 2007) reported the concentration of arsenic in the two districts between 5 and 606 μg/L. In a study conducted in 2010 (Mahanta C, Pathak N, Bhattacharya P, Enmark G, Nordborg D, Source, distribution and release mechanisms of arsenic in the groundwater of Assam floodplains of Northeast India. In: Proceedings of the World Environmental and Water Resources Congress sponsored by Environmental and Water Resources Institute (EWRI) of the American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008), concentrations beyond 50 μg/L have been confirmed in 72 blocks out of 214 blocks in 22 districts of Assam. A study by Chetia M, Chatterjee S, Banerjee S, Nath MJ, Singh D, Srivastava RB, Sarma HP (Environ Monit Assess 173:1393-1398, 2011) in the Golaghat district reported As concentration ranging between 1 and 128 μg/L in six blocks of the district. These studies so far have remained spatially limited and a comprehensive picture is yet to emerge. To comprehensively evaluate the extent of As contamination in the region, a blanket rapid assessment study was undertaken in large parts of the Brahmaputra basin in Assam. This paper reports the preliminary assessment of arsenic distribution in the Brahmaputra basin in Assam based upon results from 56,180 public groundwater wells, tested during the rapid assessment programme.
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