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- Bustelo, Emilio, et al.
(author)
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On the Critical Effect of the Metal (Mo vs. W) on the [3+2] Cycloaddition Reaction of M3S4 Clusters with Alkynes : Insights from Experiment and Theory
- 2015
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In: Chemistry - A European Journal. - : Wiley. - 0947-6539 .- 1521-3765. ; 21:42, s. 14823-14833
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Whereas the cluster [Mo3S4(acac)(3)(py)(3)](+) ([1](+), acac=acetylacetonate, py=pyridine) reacts with a variety of alkynes, the cluster [W3S4(acac)(3)(py)(3)](+) ([2](+)) remains unaffected under the same conditions. The reactions of cluster [1]+ show polyphasic kinetics, and in all cases clusters bearing a bridging dithiolene moiety are formed in the first step through the concerted [3+2] cycloaddition between the C equivalent to C atoms of the alkyne and a Mo(mu-S)(2) moiety of the cluster. A computational study has been conducted to analyze the effect of the metal on these concerted [3+ 2] cycloaddition reactions. The calculations suggest that the reactions of cluster [2](+) with alkynes feature Delta G(+) values only slightly larger than its molybdenum analogue, however, the differences in the reaction free energies between both metal clusters and the same alkyne reach up to approximately 10 kcal mol(-1), therefore indicating that the differences in the reactivity are essentially thermodynamic. The activation strain model (ASM) has been used to get more insights into the critical effect of the metal center in these cycloadditions, and the results reveal that the change in reactivity is entirely explained on the basis of the differences in the interaction energies E-int between the cluster and the alkyne. Further decomposition of the E-int values through the localized molecular orbital-energy decomposition analysis (LMO-EDA) indicates that substitution of the Mo atoms in cluster [1](+) by W induces changes in the electronic structure of the cluster that result in weaker intra-and inter-fragment orbital interactions.
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2. |
- Pino-Chamorro, Jose Ángel, et al.
(author)
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Mechanism of [3+2] Cycloaddition of Alkynes to the [Mo3S4(acac)(3)(py)(3)][PF6] Cluster
- 2015
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In: Chemistry - A European Journal. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 0947-6539 .- 1521-3765. ; 21:7, s. 2835-2844
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A study, involving kinetic measurements on the stopped-flow and conventional UV/Vis timescales, ESI-MS, NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations, has been carried out to understand the mechanism of the reaction of [Mo3S4(acac)(3)(py)(3)][PF6] ([1]PF6; acac = acetylacetonate, py = pyridine) with two RC equivalent to CR alkynes (R = CH2OH (btd), COOH (adc)) in CH3CN. Both reactions show polyphasic kinetics, but experimental and computational data indicate that alkyne activation occurs in a single kinetic step through a concerted mechanism similar to that of organic [3+2] cycloaddition reactions, in this case through the interaction with one Mo(mu-S)(2) moiety of [1](+). The rate of this step is three orders of magnitude faster for adc than that for btd, and the products initially formed evolve in subsequent steps into compounds that result from substitution of py ligands or from reorganization to give species with different structures. Activation strain analysis of the [3+2] cycloaddition step reveals that the deformation of the two reactants has a small contribution to the difference in the computed activation barriers, which is mainly associated with the change in the extent of their interaction at the transition-state structures. Subsequent frontier molecular orbital analysis shows that the carboxylic acid substituents on adc stabilize its HOMO and LUMO orbitals with respect to those on btd due to better electron-withdrawing properties. As a result, the frontier molecular orbitals of the cluster and alkyne become closer in energy; this allows a stronger interaction.
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