| 1. |
- Albright, Ann, et al.
(author)
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Dynamic soil-structure interaction of a single-span railway bridge, forced vibration testing and simulation
- 2023
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In: Structure and Infrastructure Engineering. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1573-2479 .- 1744-8980. ; , s. 1-10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- High-speed railway is expanding drastically in Sweden, necessitating new technology, and improve-ments of existing structures. End-shield bridges are a common and under-tested bridge type inSweden. Their dynamic performance is significantly impacted by their boundary conditions due to thesoil–structure interaction (SSI) and their large masses cantilevering beyond the footings. A specificend-shield bridge was tested under low (5 kN) and high (20kN) amplitude-forced hydraulic excitationfor a wide range of frequencies. Several train passages for typical passenger trains,‘X62’, were meas-ured with the same experimental setup. The results were analysed to isolate the significant modes ofthe system and the natural frequencies. A full 3D numerical model was calibrated and updated inAbaqus, along with a brief sensitivity study to determine the most influential parameters. Finally, theresponse to passing trains and Eurocode design HSLM trains was calculated. The experimental studyshowed that higher loading amplitudes resulted in higher damping and lower natural frequencies. Thenumerical analysis showed that for this bridge type the SSI cannot be neglected and can be success-fully introduced in the model.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Andreas, 1980-, et al.
(author)
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Full-Scale Dynamic Testing of a Railway Bridge Using a Hydraulic Exciter
- 2018
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In: EXPERIMENTAL VIBRATION ANALYSIS FOR CIVIL STRUCTURES. - Cham : SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG. - 9783319674438 - 9783319674421 ; , s. 354-363
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents a full-scale dynamic testing on a simply supported railway bridge with integrated end-shields, by using a hydraulic exciter. Experimental frequency response functions are determined based on load controlled frequency sweeps. Apart from accurate estimates of natural frequencies, damping and mode shapes, the experimental testing also gives valuable information about the dynamic characteristics at resonance and amplitude dependent nonlinearities. Numerical models are used to simulate the dynamic response from passing trains which is compared to experimental testing of similar train passages. The results show that the bridge deck is partially constrained due to the interaction between the end-shields and the wing walls with the surrounding soil. Measurements at the supports also show that the flexibility of the foundation needs to be accounted for. An updated numerical model is able to accurately predict the response from passing trains. The response is lower than that predicted from the initial simulations and the bridge will fulfil the design requirements regarding vertical deck acceleration.
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| 3. |
- Battini, Jean-Marc, 1968-
(author)
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Analysis of Dampers for Stay Cables Using Non Linear Beam Elements
- 2018
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In: Structures. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2352-0124. ; 16, s. 45-49
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents a numerical approach to evaluate the damping properties of a stay cable with an external viscous damper. The idea is to model the cable by using non-linear corotational beam elements and to study small vibrations around the static deformed equilibrium configuration. This gives a complex eigenvalue problem from which the modal damping ratios can be calculated. The performance of the proposed method is assessed through two numerical applications. Compared with the analytical methods based on differential equations widely used in the literature, the proposed non-linear finite element approach has the advantages that the effect of the sag is considered in an accurate way and that there is no limitation regarding the number and the value of the structural parameters that can be introduced in the model.
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| 4. |
- Battini, Jean-Marc, 1968-
(author)
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Co-rotational beam elements in instability problems
- 2002
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The purpose of the work presented in this thesis is to implement co-rotational beam elements and branch-switching procedures in order to analyse elastic and elastoplasticinstability problems. For the 2D beam elements, the co-rotational framework is taken from Crisfield [23]. The main objective is to compare three different local elasto-plastic elements. The 3D co-rotational formulation is based on the work of Pacoste and Eriksson [73],with new items concerning the parameterisation of the finite rotations, the definitionof the local frame, the inclusion of warping effects through the introduction of aseventh nodal degree of freedom and the consideration of rigid links. Differenttypes of local formulations are considered, including or not warping effects. It isshown that at least some degree of non-linearity must be introduced in the localstrain definition in order to obtain correct results for certain classes of problems. Within the present approach any cross-section can be modelled, and particularly, the centroid and shear center are not necessarily coincident.Plasticity is introduced via a von Mises material with isotropic hardening. Numericalintegration over the cross-section is performed. At each integration point, theconstitutive equations are solved by including interaction between the normal andshear stresses. Concerning instabilities, a new numerical method for the direct computation of elasticcritical points is proposed. This is based on a minimal augmentation procedure asdeveloped by Eriksson [32–34]. In elasto-plasticity, a literature survey, mainly concernedwith theoretical aspects is first presented. The objective is to get a completecomprehension of the phenomena and to give a basis for the two branch-switchingprocedures presented in this thesis.A large number of examples are used in order to assess the performances of the elements and the path-following procedures.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bergenudd, Jens, et al.
(author)
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Dynamic analysis of a pedestrian timber truss bridge at three construction stages
- 2024
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In: Structures. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-0124. ; 59
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article investigates the dynamic behaviour of a single span pedestrian timber truss bridge by in situ testing and numerical modelling. The in situ dynamic tests were performed at three different construction stages: (1) on only the truss structure, (2) on the finished bridge without the asphalt layer and (3) on the finished bridge with the asphalt layer. The objective is to better understand how the different parts of the bridge contribute to the overall dynamic properties. The experimental results show that the damping ratios increased significantly for the first lateral mode (from 1.0 to 3.8%) and the first torsional mode (from 1.2 to 3.5%) between stage 2 and stage 3 due to the asphalt layer. The damping ratio is around 1.6% for the first bending mode for the finished bridge. The experimental and numerical results indicate that the stiffness of the asphalt layer is important to consider at stage 3 (10 degrees C) for the first lateral and torsional mode, but not for the first bending mode. Finally, it was concluded that longitudinal springs must be applied at the pot bearings in order to get agreement with the experimental results at all the three stages.
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| 7. |
- Bergenudd, Jens, et al.
(author)
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Dynamic testing and numerical modelling of a pedestrian timber bridge at different construction stages
- 2023
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In: Engineering structures. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-0296 .- 1873-7323. ; 279
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article studies the dynamic properties of a single span pedestrian timber bridge by in-situ testing and numerical modelling. The in-situ dynamic tests are performed at four different construction stages: (1) on only the timber structure, (2) on the timber structure with the railings, (3) on the timber structure with railings and an asphalt layer during warm conditions and (4) same as stage 3 but during cold conditions. Finite element models for the four construction stages are thereafter implemented and calibrated against the experimental results. The purpose of the study is to better understand how the different parts of the bridge contribute to the overall dynamic properties. The finite element analysis at stage 1 shows that longitudinal springs must be introduced at the supports of the bridge to get accurate results. The experimental results at stage 2 show that the railings contributes to 10% of both the stiffness and mass of the bridge. A shell model of the railings is implemented and calibrated in order to fit with the experimental results. The resonance frequencies decrease with 10–20% at stage 3 compared to stage 2. At stage 3 it is sufficient to introduce the asphalt as an additional mass in the finite element model. For that, a shell layer with surface elements is the best approach. The resonance frequencies increase with 15–30% between warm (stage 3) and cold conditions (stage 4). The stiffness of the asphalt therefore needs to be considered at stage 4. The continuity of the asphalt layer could also increase the overall stiffness of the bridge. The damping ratios increase at all construction stages. They are around 2% at warm conditions and around 2.5% at cold conditions for the finished bridge.
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| 8. |
- Bergenudd, Jens, et al.
(author)
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Study of the dynamic response of a timber pedestrian bridge during different construction stages
- 2022
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In: Conference Proceedings 4th ICTB (2022) ,ICTB 2021 PLUS 4th International Conference on Timber Bridges. - Biel/Bienne, Switzerland. ; , s. 167-178
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The objective of this article is to study the dynamic behaviour of a timber pedestrian bridge by performing in-situ tests at four different construction stages: 1) on only the timber structure 2) on the timber structure with the railings 3) on the timber structure with railings and an asphalt layer during warm conditions and 4) same as stage 3 but during cold conditions. The study included numerical calculations with a 2D finite element model. Two modal parameter extraction methods were implemented during the post-processing. The modes of vibration were analysed with the modal assurance criterion (MAC) to ensure their validity. The results show that the presence of the railings during stage 2 increases the resonance frequencies with 0-2 % compared to stage 1, despite an approximately 5 % increase of the total mass of the bridge. The vertical resonance frequencies decreased 12-22 % when the asphalt was installed at stage 3 compared to stage 2, due to an approximately 70 % increase of the total mass and the asphalt’s low stiffness due to a high temperature. The resonance frequencies increased 14-27 % during cold conditions at stage 4 compared to stage 3. This was mainly due to an increased stiffness of the asphalt layer due to a low temperature. Adding railings therefore resulted in a higher overall stiffness of the bridge, whereas asphalt essentially only added mass to the bridge at warm conditions but increased the stiffness at cold compared to warm conditions. The damping ratios increased for each construction stage and were approximately 2-3 % for the finished bridge. The two modal parameter extraction methods produced similar results which ensures that reliable results are obtained. The auto-MAC indicated well-separated modes and the cross-MAC ensured comparison of the same modes. The finite element model showed that some stiffness was lacking for the first bending mode. This stiffness could be due to shear deformation of the plastic pads at the bridge supports.
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| 9. |
- Chhang, Sophy, et al.
(author)
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An energy-momentum co-rotational formulation for nonlinear dynamics of planar beams
- 2017
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In: Computers & structures. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0045-7949 .- 1879-2243. ; 187, s. 50-63
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article presents an energy-momentum integration scheme for the nonlinear dynamic analysis of planar Euler-Bernoulli beams. The co-rotational approach is adopted to describe the kinematics of the beam and Hermitian functions are used to interpolate the local transverse displacements. In this paper, the same kinematic description is used to derive both the elastic and the inertia terms. The classical midpoint rule is used to integrate the dynamic equations. The central idea, to ensure energy and momenta conservation, is to apply the classical midpoint rule to both the kinematic and the strain quantities. This idea, developed by one of the authors in previous work, is applied here in the context of the co-rotational formulation to the first time. By doing so, we circumvent the nonlinear geometric equations relating the displacement to the strain which is the origin of many numerical difficulties. It is rigorously shown that the proposed method conserves the total energy of the system and, in absence of external loads, the linear and angular momenta remain constant. The accuracy and stability of the proposed algorithm, especially in long term dynamics with a very large number of time steps, is assessed through four numerical examples.
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| 10. |
- Chhang, Sophy, et al.
(author)
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An energy-momentum formulation for nonlinear dynamics of planar co-rotating beams
- 2017
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In: COMPDYN 2017 - Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. - Athens : National Technical University of Athens. - 9786188284425 ; , s. 3682-3696
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article presents an energy-momentum integration scheme for the nonlinear dynamic analysis of planar Bernoulli/Timoshenko beams. The co-rotational approach is adopted to describe the kinematics of the beam and Hermitian functions are used to interpolate the local transverse displacements. In this paper, the same kinematic description is used to derive both the elastic and the inertia terms. The classical midpoint rule is used to integrate the dynamic equations. The central idea, to ensure energy and momenta conservation, is to apply the classical midpoint rule to both the kinematic and the strain quantities. This idea, developed by one of the authors in previous work, is applied here in the context of the co-rotational formulation to the first time. By doing so, we circumvent the nonlinear geometric equations relating the displacement to the strain which is the origin of many numerical difficulties. It can be rigorously shown that the proposed method conserves the total energy of the system and, in absence of external loads, the linear and angular momenta remain constant. The accuracy and stability of the proposed algorithm, especially in long term dynamics with a very large number of time steps, is assessed through two numerical examples.
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