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- Jiang, Jingjing, et al.
(author)
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Sino-European Differences in the Genetic Landscape and Clinical Presentation of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
- 2020
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In: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 105:10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context: Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are characterized by distinct genotype-phenotype relationships according to studies largely restricted to Caucasian populations.Objective: To assess for possible differences in genetic landscapes and genotype-phenotype relationships of PPGLs in Chinese versus European populations.Design: Cross-sectional study.Setting: 2 tertiary-care centers in China and 9 in Europe.Participants: Patients with pathologically confirmed diagnosis of PPGL, including 719 Chinese and 919 Europeans.Main Outcome Measures: Next-generation sequencing performed in tumor specimens with mutations confirmed by Sanger sequencing and tested in peripheral blood if available. Frequencies of mutations were examined according to tumor location and catecholamine biochemical phenotypes.Results: Among all patients, higher frequencies of HRAS, FGFR1, and EPAS1 mutations were observed in Chinese than Europeans, whereas the reverse was observed for NF1, VHL, RET, and SDHx. Among patients with apparently sporadic PPGLs, the most frequently mutated genes in Chinese were HRAS (16.5% [13.6-19.3] vs 9.8% [7.6-12.1]) and FGFR1 (9.8% [7.6-12.11 vs 2.2% [1.1-3.3]), whereas among Europeans the most frequently mutated genes were NF1 (15.9% [13.2-18.6) vs 6.6% [4.7-8.5)) and SDHx (10.7% [8.4-13.0] vs 4.2% [2.6-5.7]). Among Europeans, almost all paragangliomas lacked appreciable production of epinephrine and identified gene mutations were largely restricted to those leading to stabilization of hypoxia inducible factors. In contrast, among Chinese there was a larger proportion of epinephrine-producing paragangliomas, mostly due to HRAS and FGFR1 mutations.Conclusions: This study establishes Sino-European differences in the genetic landscape and presentation of PPGLs, including ethnic differences in genotype-phenotype relationships indicating a paradigm shift in our understanding of the biology of these tumors.
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| 3. |
- Arnberg, M., et al.
(author)
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Effects of oil and global environmental drivers on two keystone marine invertebrates
- 2018
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In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 8:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ocean warming (OW) and acidification (OA) are key features of global change and are predicted to have negative consequences for marine species and ecosystems. At a smaller scale increasing oil and gas activities at northern high latitudes could lead to greater risk of petroleum pollution, potentially exacerbating the effects of such global stressors. However, knowledge of combined effects is limited. This study employed a scenario-based, collapsed design to investigate the impact of one local acute stressor (North Sea crude oil) and two chronic global drivers (pH for OA and temperature for OW), alone or in combination on aspects of the biology of larval stages of two key invertebrates: the northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) and the green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis). Both local and global drivers had negative effects on survival, development and growth of the larval stages. These effects were species- and stage-dependent. No statistical interactions were observed between local and global drivers and the combined effects of the two drivers were approximately equal to the sum of their separate effects. This study highlights the importance of adjusting regulation associated with oil spill prevention to maximize the resilience of marine organisms to predicted future global conditions. © 2018, The Author(s).
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| 4. |
- Bechmann Pedersen, Sune, et al.
(author)
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Democratic Tourism
- 2024
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In: The Oxford Handbook of the History of Tourism and Travel. - : Oxford University Press. - 9780190889555 - 9780190889586 ; , s. 1-73
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The introduction of paid holidays during the interwar years democratized travel and laid the foundation for modern mass tourism. In European democracies, the right to paid leave found supporters from across the political spectrum who viewed it a means to improve the health of the labor force, increase industrial output, and safeguard family values. Workers also gained new leisure opportunities in countries without a state regulated right to paid holidays. Moral entrepreneurs debated how to combat idleness and ensure workers use their new leisure time in productive ways. Social tourism subsidized by the state or NGOs, and catering to those disadvantaged by poverty or poor health thus tended to involve education and moral guidance. The sustained postwar economic growth experienced by liberal democracies largely made this form of tourism obsolete because workers could afford commercial package tours meeting consumerist holiday ideals.
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| 6. |
- Sharpley, Andrew N., et al.
(author)
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Future agriculture with minimized phosphorus losses to waters: Research needs and direction
- 2015
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In: Ambio. - : Springer Verlag (Germany). - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 44, s. S163-S179
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The series of papers in this issue of AMBIO represent technical presentations made at the 7th International Phosphorus Workshop (IPW7), held in September, 2013 in Uppsala, Sweden. At that meeting, the 150 delegates were involved in round table discussions on major, predetermined themes facing the management of agricultural phosphorus (P) for optimum production goals with minimal water quality impairment. The six themes were (1) P management in a changing world; (2) transport pathways of P from soil to water; (3) monitoring, modeling, and communication; (4) importance of manure and agricultural production systems for P management; (5) identification of appropriate mitigation measures for reduction of P loss; and (6) implementation of mitigation strategies to reduce P loss. This paper details the major challenges and research needs that were identified for each theme and identifies a future roadmap for catchment management that cost-effectively minimizes P loss from agricultural activities.
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