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- Almqvist, Gustaf, et al.
(author)
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Report of the Benchmark Workshop on Baltic Cod Stocks (WKBALTCOD)
- 2015
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The ICES Benchmark Workshop on Baltic Cod Stocks (WKBALTCOD), chaired by External Chair Jean-Jacques Maguire, Canada and ICES Chair Marie Storr-Paulsen, Denmark, and attended by two invited external experts Verena Trenkel, France and Meaghan Bryan, USA met in Rostock, Germany, 2–6 March 2015 with 39 participants and six countries represented. The objective of WKBALTCOD was to evaluate the appropriateness of data and methods to determine stock status and investigate meth-ods appropriate to use in the single-stock assessment for the cod stock in SD 22–24 and cod in SD 25–32 in the Baltic. Participants in the workshop were a large group with diverse backgrounds representing the industry, fisheries, NGOs, managers and scientists.The single-stock analytic assessment of the eastern Baltic stock was not accepted by the assessment working group (WGBFAS) in 2014 due to severe problems with the input data. The advice for the eastern Baltic cod was, therefore, based on the ICES approach for data-limited stocks. As an outcome ICES decided to establish a bench-mark for both cod stocks and to scope an integrated assessment for the Baltic cod stocks. The first meeting (WKSIBCA) was therefore meant to introduce the interces-sional work conducted since the assessment working group in April 2014, and to reach some conclusions on how to proceed both in the short term (Benchmark in March 2015) and longer term (2–3 years) and was seen as a data compilation work-shop, there is produced a separate report from this workshop. The WKBALTCOD was the 2nd meeting in the benchmark process and was intended to come up with a final stock assessment method, stock annex and input data for both stocks. As it was not possible to reach conclusive decision on the final model to be used for the east Baltic cod stock during the benchmark meeting and as more work on the preferable models was needed, it was decided by the ACOM leadership to prolong the bench-mark process until the assessment working group meeting in April 2015. This deci-sion has led to a relatively long process partly mixed with the assessment working group WGBFAS.It became clear during the benchmark process that although large effort has been put into explaining the underlying processes leading to the changes in the Baltic ecosys-tem, there is still some lack of understanding of the present situation in the eastern Baltic cod stock. Therefore, it was not possible to reach firm conclusions on the final model to be used and therefore not possible to set reference points. It was decided to continue to explore the most promising models and to continue to improve the input data until the assessment working group started in April.The main challenges still to be solved for the Eastern Baltic cod stock is the quantifi-cation of increased natural mortality and decrease in growth. Through several presentations during the workshop (both WKSIBCA and WKBALTCOD) it became clear that natural mortality very likely has increased in later years, due to decreased condition and increased parasite infection. A decrease in growth also seems plausible duo to a decrease in condition and/or selectivity-induced mortality of the largest in-dividuals. However, as none of these parameters are easily estimated, especially with the severe ageing problems, different model assumptions made the output very shaky.For the western Baltic cod, stock identification issues were examined in area SD 24, the intermediate area: based on otolith characteristics and genetics. Due to the results showing a large proportion of east cod in this area, it was decided to split the catch2 | ICES WKBALTCOD REPORT 2015and survey from SD 24 into either the western or eastern Baltic cod stock. It was pos-sible to derive proportions of eastern and western cod in SD 24 back to the mid-1990s.For the western Baltic cod stock a modelled survey indices was included in the as-sessment covering the western part of SD 24 and Area 22+23 and based on a smoothed ALK.Both cod stocks have in the past used commercial tuning fleet to have a better cov-ered of older age groups. It was decided to abound this time-series duo quality issues such as a limited coverage and problems with technical creeping.WKBALTCOD was not able to explore and define reference points for the Western Baltic cod stock during the meeting due to time constraints, but these were calculated and decided by correspondence after the meeting. The recent protocols on estimation procedures developed by WKMSYREF3 for stocks with a full analytical assessment and for data-limited stocks served as objective guidelines to obtain reference point estimates.
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| 3. |
- Azevedo, Flavio, et al.
(author)
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Social and moral psychology of COVID-19 across 69 countries
- 2023
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In: Scientific Data. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2052-4463. ; 10:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all domains of human life, including the economic and social fabric of societies. One of the central strategies for managing public health throughout the pandemic has been through persuasive messaging and collective behaviour change. To help scholars better understand the social and moral psychology behind public health behaviour, we present a dataset comprising of 51,404 individuals from 69 countries. This dataset was collected for the International Collaboration on Social & Moral Psychology of COVID-19 project (ICSMP COVID-19). This social science survey invited participants around the world to complete a series of moral and psychological measures and public health attitudes about COVID-19 during an early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic (between April and June 2020). The survey included seven broad categories of questions: COVID-19 beliefs and compliance behaviours; identity and social attitudes; ideology; health and well-being; moral beliefs and motivation; personality traits; and demographic variables. We report both raw and cleaned data, along with all survey materials, data visualisations, and psychometric evaluations of key variables.
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- Berg, Katarina, et al.
(author)
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Elevated CD14++CD16− Monocytes Predict Cardiovascular Events
- 2012
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In: Circulation. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1942-325X .- 1942-3268. ; 5:1, s. 122-131
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background—Although monocytes in peripheral blood are no longer considered to be a homogeneous population, associations between distinct monocyte subsets and cardiovascular disease have not been highlighted in large epidemiological studies. Methods and Results—The study included 700 randomly selected subjects from the cardiovascular arm of the Malmö Diet and Cancer study. Among these, 123 subjects experienced ischemic cardiovascular events during the follow-up until December 2008. Mononuclear leukocytes frozen at the baseline investigation in 1991 to 1994 were thawed and analyzed with flow cytometry to enumerate monocyte subsets, based on CD14 and CD16 expression. The percentage and number of classical CD14++CD16− monocytes were increased in the cardiovascular-event group compared with the event-free subjects (median, 69% [interquartile range, 62% to 76%] versus 67% [59% to 72%], P=0.017; 344 [251 to 419] cells/μL versus 297 [212 to 384] cells/μL, P=0.003). The hazard ratio was 1.66 for suffering a cardiovascular event in the highest tertile of the number of CD14++CD16− monocytes compared with the lowest tertile, even after adjustment for common risk factors (HR, 1.66; 95% CI: 1.02 to 2.72). CD14++CD16− monocytes did not, however, associate with the extent of atherosclerosis at baseline. In contrast, the percentage of monocytes expressing CD16 was negatively associated to the extent of carotid atherosclerosis measured as intima-media thickness at baseline. The chemokine receptors CCR2, CX3CR1, and CCR5 were not differentially expressed between cases and controls on any of the monocyte subsets, but CCR5 expression on CD14+CD16++ monocytes was negatively associated to carotid intima-media thickness. Conclusions—This study shows that classical CD14++CD16− monocytes can predict future cardiovascular risk independently of other risk factors in a randomly selected population.
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| 8. |
- Diczfalusy, Ulf, et al.
(author)
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Marked upregulation of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase expression by lipopolysaccharide
- 2009
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In: Journal of Lipid Research. - 1539-7262 .- 0022-2275. ; 50:11, s. 2258-2264
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During screening of genes upregulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS; endotoxin) treatment of bone marrow-derived mouse macrophages, it was unexpectedly found that cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (Ch25h) was strongly upregulated. Treatment of macrophages with 10 ng/ml of LPS for 2 h resulted in a 35-fold increase in the expression of Ch25h. In contrast, LPS treatment did not increase the expression of Cyp27a1 or Cyp7b1. The increased Ch25h expression was found to be independent of Myeloid differentiation protein 88 signaling but dependent on Toll-like receptor 4 signaling. LPS treatment of macrophages caused a 6- to 7-fold increase in cellular 25-hydroxycholesterol concentration. When macrophages were treated with increasing concentrations of 25-hydroxycholesterol, a dose-dependent release of CCL5 into the culture medium was observed. Intravenous injection of LPS in eight healthy volunteers resulted in an increase in plasma 25-hydroxycholesterol concentration. The possibility is discussed that 25-hydroxycholesterol may have a role in the inflammatory response, in addition to its more established role in the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis.-Diczfalusy, U., K. E. Olofsson, A- M. Carlsson, M. Gong, D. T. Golenbock, O. Rooyackers, U. Flaring, and H. Bjorkbacka. Marked upregulation of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase expression by lipopolysaccharide. J. Lipids Res. 2009. 50: 2258-2264.
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| 9. |
- Dunér, Pontus, et al.
(author)
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Immune responses against aldehyde-modified laminin accelerate atherosclerosis in Apoe(-/-) mice.
- 2010
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In: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 212:2, s. 457-465
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: LDL oxidation in the vascular wall is associated with aldehyde modification of surrounding extracellular matrix proteins that may target autoimmune responses against vascular tissues. Here we investigated the possible influence of immunity against a malondialdehyde (MDA)-modified form of the basement membrane protein laminin on atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: IgM and IgG autoantibodies were present in human plasma and a prospective clinical study demonstrated that individuals who later suffered from acute cardiovascular events had lower levels of MDA-laminin antibodies compared to those in the control group. Immunohistochemical analysis of atherosclerotic plaques from Apoe(-/-) mice demonstrated co-localization between laminin and MDA epitopes, however MDA-laminin IgG was absent in mouse plasma. To determine the effect of MDA-laminin immunity, Apoe(-/-) mice were immunized with MDA-laminin. Analysis of circulating leukocytes at 12 weeks demonstrated increased T-cell activation, expansion of Th17 cells and a lower fraction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in mice immunized with MDA-laminin. At 25 weeks, aortic atherosclerosis was increased by more than 60% in mice immunized with MDA-laminin, together with increased levels of MDA-laminin IgG1 and MDA-laminin-specific T-cells expressing IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6 in the spleen. CONCLUSION: The clinical observations suggest that immune responses against MDA-laminin may be involved in the development of cardiovascular disease in humans. Furthermore, observations in mice provide evidence for the presence of aldehyde-modified laminin in atherosclerotic lesions and demonstrate that induction of an immune response against these structures is associated with activation of Th17 cells, reduced fraction of Tregs and a more aggressive development of atherosclerosis.
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| 10. |
- Goncalves, Isabel, et al.
(author)
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Evidence Supporting a Key Role of Lp-PLA2-Generated Lysophosphatidylcholine in Human Atherosclerotic Plaque Inflammation.
- 2012
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In: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. - 1524-4636. ; 32:6, s. 1505-1505
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the level of lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) generated by lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is associated with severity of inflammation in human atherosclerotic plaques. Elevated plasma Lp-PLA2 is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Lp-PLA2 inhibition reduces atherosclerosis. Lp-PLA2 hydrolyzes low-density lipoprotein-oxidized phospholipids generating lysoPCs. According to in vitro studies, lysoPCs are proinflammatory but the association between their generation and plaque inflammation remains unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: Inflammatory activity in carotid plaques (162 patients) was determined immunohistochemically and by analyzing cytokines in homogenates (multiplex immunoassay). LysoPCs were quantified using mass spectrometry and Lp-PLA2 and the lysoPC metabolite lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) by ELISA. There was a strong correlation among lysoPC 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, LPA, and Lp-PLA2 in plaques. LysoPC 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, LPA, and Lp-PLA2 correlated with interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted, and tumor necrosis factor-α in plaques. High lysoPC and Lp-PLA2 correlated with increased plaque macrophages and lipids and with low content of smooth muscle cells, whereas LPA only correlated with plaque macrophages. Lp-PLA2, lysoPC 16:0, 18:0, and 18:1, but not LPA were higher in symptomatic than in asymptomatic plaques. CONCLUSIONS: The associations among Lp-PLA2, lysoPCs, LPA, and proinflammatory cytokines in human plaques suggest that lysoPCs play a key role in plaque inflammation and vulnerability. Our findings support Lp-PLA2 inhibition as a possible strategy for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
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