| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Berggrund, Malin, et al.
(author)
-
HPV viral load in self-collected vaginal fluid samples as predictor for presence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
- 2019
-
In: Virology Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1743-422X. ; 16
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to evaluate the use of high-risk HPV (hrHPV) viral load in screening tests for cervical cancer to predict persistent infection and presence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+).METHODS: We followed women between 30 and 60 years of age who performed self-sampling of vaginal fluid and subsequently a hrHPV test. Women who were hrHPV positive in their screening test repeated the hrHPV test 3-6 months later and were included in the present study.RESULTS: Our results show that women with a persistent HPV16 infection had higher HPV viral load in their primary screening test than women with transient infections (p = 5.33e-03). This was also true for sum of viral load for all hrHPV types in the primary screening test (p = 3.88e-07). 48% of women with persistent HPV16 infection and CIN2+ had an increase in HPV16 titer in the follow-up test, as compared to only 20% of women with persistent infection but without CIN2+ lesions. For the sum of all hrHPV types, 41% of women with persistent infection and CIN2+ had an increase in titer as compared to 26% of women without CIN2 + .CONCLUSIONS: The results show that hrHPV viral load in the primary screening HPV test is associated with the presence of CIN2+ and could be used in triaging hrHPV positive women for different follow-up strategies or recall times. Serial testing of hrHPV viral load has the potential to distinguish women with CIN2+ lesions from women with persistent infection but without CIN2+ lesions.
|
|
| 3. |
- Berggrund, Malin, 1966
(author)
-
Hydrothermally induced changes of lean NOx reduction over Cu-ZSM-5 and stability improvements by synthesis modification
- 2011
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The growing concern about the global warming coupled with the increasing emissions of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide, combined with the climbing oil price, drives the interest to more fuel efficient lean combustion engines for automotive applications. Such engines require new technical solutions for reduction of NOx in the oxygen rich exhaust gases, where a conventional three-way catalyst cannot be used. One of three main techniques to reduce NOx from lean-burn engines is hydrocarbon assisted selective catalytic reduction (HC-SCR) in which hydrocarbons from the fuel are used to selectively reduce NOx in the presence of excess oxygen. A copper ion-exchanged zeolite material, Cu-ZSM-5, is one of the catalysts with the ability to perform this NOx reduction reaction. However, this material successively loses its activity in hydrothermal environment. The objective of this thesis is to investigate the catalytic changes induced by the hydrothermal environment as well as the influence of the zeolite synthesis procedure on the hydrothermal stability and on the lean NOx reduction activity of Cu-ZSM-5. By using in-situ FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy, the species adsorbed onto the surface during the NOx reduction reaction was observed. It was found that the reactions between molecules, in which N to C bonds were developed and rearranged in such a way that N2 could be produced, were hindered upon hydrothermal treatment of the sample. On the other hand the oxidation reactions of NO or hydrocarbons, separately, were more or less unaffected.
|
|
| 4. |
- Berggrund, Malin, 1989-
(author)
-
Identification and clinical implementation of biomarkers for cervical cancer
- 2020
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Introduction of organised screening programs and prophylactic vaccination against human papilloma virus (HPV) have successfully reduced the incidence of cervical cancer globally. In Sweden, the incidence has been reduced by about 50 % since the introduction of the national screening programme in the late 1960’s. Despite these efforts, cervical cancer is still a major cause of cancer deaths globally.In order to reduce cervical cancer, the screening program should have a high participation rate and be based on a sensitive and specific screening test. About 20 % of women in Sweden do not participate in the organised screening program, and during the last years we have also seen a rise in cervical cancer cases in Sweden among women who participate in the screening program. Thus, there is a need to develop improved screening strategies that result in a higher participation rate, and are based on tests that more precisely identify women with high risk of developing cervical cancer. This includes searching for novel biological markers (biomarkers) that can be used to more accurately identify women with a high risk of developing cervical cancer.By offering women self-sampling for HPV analysis through direct mailing of sample kits with a chemically treated paper card, the FTA card, we were able to increase the participation rate in the screening program. We also found that the use of repeated self-sampling for women that were HPV positive in the primary screening sample increased the number of women detected with higher risk of cervical cancer (Paper II). Self-sampling was shown to be non-inferior to assisted sampling by midwife (Paper III). Using this sample collection device, we further investigated the association between increased risk of cervical cancer and HPV viral load (Paper V) as well as the vaginal microbiota (Paper VI). We also showed that proteins in the vaginal fluid can be studied using self-sampling and the FTA card (Paper I). Lastly, we identified plasma proteins that are associated with cervical cancer and could represent future biomarkers (Paper IV).This thesis has provided novel aspects on the present screening strategy, explored opportunities to increase the participation rate as well as examined possible future biomarkers for screening of cervical cancer.
|
|
| 5. |
- Berggrund, Malin, et al.
(author)
-
Identification of candidate plasma protein biomarkers for cervical cancer using the multiplex proximity extension assay
- 2019
-
In: Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. - 1535-9476 .- 1535-9484. ; 18:4, s. 735-743
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) is recommended as the primary test in cervical cancer screening, with co-testing by cytology for HPV-positive women to identify cervical lesions. Cytology has low sensitivity and there is a need to identify biomarkers that could identify dysplasia that are likely to progress to cancer. We searched for plasma proteins that could identify women with cervical cancer using the multiplex proximity extension assay (PEA). The abundance of 100 proteins were measured in plasma collected at the time of diagnosis of patients with invasive cervical cancer and in population controls using the Olink Multiplex panels CVD II, INF I, and ONC II. Eighty proteins showed increased levels in cases compared to controls. We identified a signature of 11 proteins (PTX3, ITGB1BP2, AXIN1, STAMPB, SRC, SIRT2, 4E-BP1, PAPPA, HB-EGF, NEMO and IL27) that distinguished cases and controls with a sensitivity of 0.96 at a specificity of 1.0. This signature was evaluated in a prospective replication cohort with samples collected before, at or after diagnosis and achieved a sensitivity of 0.78 and a specificity 0.56 separating samples collected at the time of diagnosis of invasive cancer from samples collected prior to diagnosis. No difference in abundance was seen between samples collected prior to diagnosis or after treatment as compared to population controls, indicating that this protein signature is mainly informative close to time of diagnosis. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal window in time prior to diagnosis for these biomarker candidates.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Berggrund, Malin, 1966, et al.
(author)
-
Influence of Synthesis Conditions for ZSM-5 on the Hydrothermal Stability of Cu-ZSM-5
- 2009
-
In: Catalysis Letters. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1572-879X .- 1011-372X. ; 130:1-2, s. 79-85
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The influence of syntheses parameters of zeolite ZSM-5 on the lean NO (x) reduction activity and hydrothermal stability of Cu-ZSM-5 has been investigated. The hydrothermal stability of Cu-ZSM-5 was found to depend on the aluminium source used and on the presence of Ca(OH)(2) in the synthesis mixture for ZSM-5.
|
|
| 9. |
- Berggrund, Malin, et al.
(author)
-
Protein Detection Using the Multiplexed Proximity Extension Assay (PEA) from Plasma and Vaginal Fluid Applied to the Indicating FTA Elute Micro Card™
- 2016
-
In: Journal of Circulating Biomarkers. - : SAGE Publications. - 1849-4544. ; 5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The indicating FTA elute micro card? has been developed to collect and stabilize the nucleic acid in biological samples and is widely used in human and veterinary medicine and other disciplines. This card is not recommended for protein analyses, since surface treatment may denature proteins. We studied the ability to analyse proteins in human plasma and vaginal fluid as applied to the indicating FTA elute micro card? using the sensitive proximity extension assay (PEA). Among 92 proteins in the Proseek Multiplex Oncology Iv2 panel, 87 were above the limit of detection (LOD) in liquid plasma and 56 among 92 above LOD in plasma applied to FTA cards. Washing and protein elution protocols were compared to identify an optimal method. Liquid-based cytology samples showed a lower number of proteins above LOD than FTA cards with vaginal fluid samples applied. Our results demonstrate that samples applied to the indicating FTA elute micro card? are amendable to protein analyses, given that a sensitive protein detection assay is used. The results imply that biological samples applied to FTA cards can be used for DNA, RNA and protein detection.
|
|
| 10. |
- Berggrund, Malin, 1966
(author)
-
Studies of the influence of ZSM-5 synthesis on activity and stability of Cu-ZSM-5 in leand NOx reduction
- 2008
-
Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The growing concern about the global warming coupled with the increasing emissions of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide, combined with the climbing oil price, drives the interest to more fuel efficient lean combustion engines for automotive applications. Such engines require new technical solutions for reduction of NOx in the exhaust gases, which are in excess oxygen, where a conventional three-way catalyst cannot be used to reduce NOx. One of the three main techniques to reduce NOx from lean-burn engines is hydrocarbon assisted selective catalytic reduction (HC-SCR) in which hydrocarbons from the fuel are used to selectively reduce NOx in the presence of oxygen. A copper ion-exchanged zeolite material, Cu-ZSM-5, is one of the better catalysts for this reaction. However, this material successively looses its activity in hydrothermal environment. The objective of this thesis project is to investigate the influence of the zeolite synthesis procedure on the hydrothermal stability and on the lean NOx reduction activity of Cu-ZSM-5. By varying the aluminium source and by introducing calcium hydroxide in the ZSM-5 synthesis, Cu-ZSM-5 samples were produced, for which different NOx reduction and hydrothermal stability was observed. One of the Cu-ZSM-5 samples lost about 55% of its catalytic NOx reduction activity after aging during 12 hours in a flow of 21% O2, 1% H2O in N2, while the others lost only about 10-30%. This investigation suggests that a paired aluminium distribution in ZSM-5, created in the synthesis by using AlCl3, stabilizes the corresponding Cu-ZSM-5 in HC-SCR reactions compared with the Cu-ZSM-5 where the parent ZSM-5 is synthesised using Al(NO3)3. Introduction of calcium hydroxide in the zeolite synthesis increases in some cases, and stabilizes, the NOx reduction performance of the corresponding Cu-ZSM-5 when Al(NO3)3 is used as aluminium source. This stabilizing effect of calcium hydroxide is not observed when AlCl3 is used as aluminium source.Keywords: HC-SCR, propene, Cu-ZSM-5, hydrothermal stability, lean NOx reduction
|
|
