| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Angerbrandt, Henrik, 1976-
(author)
-
Placing Conflict : Religion and politics in Kaduna State, Nigeria
- 2015
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Decentralisation and federalism are often said to mitigate conflict by better meeting the preferences of a heterogeneous population and demands for limited autonomy. But it is argued in this thesis that this perspective does not sufficiently address the ways in which conflict-ridden relations entangle processes across different scales ‒ local, regional as well as national. The aim of this thesis is to explain how it is that while decentralisation may contribute to national stability, it may simultaneously generate local conflict. This problem is analysed through a conflict in Kaduna State in north-central Nigeria where there have been outbreaks of violence between Hausa-Fulani Muslims and Christians of different ethnicities since the 1980s. Christian ethnic groups claim to be excluded from state benefits, while Muslim groups claim that Christians have undue influence over the state bureaucracy. The conflict feeds off ethnic and religious mobilisation. Expanded local political space further fuelled the conflict following the decentralisation that came with the shift from military to civilian rule in 1999. Decentralisation in Nigeria implies that the authorities should be associated with the majority ethnicity or religion in a specific territory. A localisation of politics accordingly raises the stakes in identity-based conflicts, especially as control of local institutions is necessary for inclusion in wider political processes. In Kaduna, this has led to demands for separating the state on a religious and ethnic basis. Actors make use of “scalar politics” to conform to or challenge boundaries set by the state. Social relations are associated with different boundaries. Accordingly, decentralisation triggers conflicts on an identity basis, involving contestation over the hierarchy of scales. While national struggles between ethnic and religious groups may be subdued, conflicts play out locally as decentralisation in Nigeria makes religion and ethnicity a powerful tool for political mobilisation.
|
|
| 3. |
- Berglund, Daniel, et al.
(author)
-
Simulation of welding and stress relief heat treatment of an aero engine component
- 2003
-
In: Finite elements in analysis and design (Print). - 0168-874X .- 1872-6925. ; 39:9, s. 865-881
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is important to control key dimensions in aero engine components during manufacture. This is achieved by finding a stable process-parameter window for each manufacturing operation and to choose an order of manufacture which give an adequate result. Production planning has traditionally been carried out from experience and experiments. However, in order to reduce lead-time and cost, computer based numerical simulations using the finite element method is increasingly being used. Simulations can give valuable information about component dimensions, shape, and residual stresses after each manufacturing process. This paper presents a method and the results of a simulation where welding and stress relief heat treatment operations are combined. Computational fluid dynamics was also used to estimate the heat transfer coefficient of the component's surface during the heat treatment.
|
|
| 4. |
- Johansson, Henrik, 1989-
(author)
-
Urban Consolidation Centres : On Relationships between Customer Needs and Services in City Logistics
- 2018
-
Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Urban Consolidation Centres (UCCs) are often conceived as an enabler to alleviate negative effects associated with distribution of goods in cities, such as traffic congestion and hazardous emissions. UCCs not only have the potential to reduce these effects but also provide alternative distribution solutions by introducing new transhipment points. Despite their potential, UCCs often fail to be self-supporting and are often dependent on subsides, which is not considered to be sustainable in the long run. In response, this thesis takes its point of departure in the two business models elements value propositions and target customers. A business model is often viewed as an enabler to generate revenue and UCCs have the potential to generate revenue by offering services to their customers, and the customers pay for the services. To understand how customers can benefit from UCCs and provide arguments why they should use these, it is important to understand the relationship between customers’ needs and the services UCCs can provide. The purpose of this thesis is to identify and describe the potential relationship between needs of UCC customers and UCC services.The research in the thesis is both explorative and descriptive, where a first step is to identify customer needs, UCC services, and value propositions. The descriptive part is to describe them and it is also the foundation for understanding the relationship between customer needs and UCC services. Through the analysis and discussion, multiple customer needs are identified and described for seven customer groups and the UCC operator; all of which could be considered customers of UCCs. The thesis also adds to the UCC literature with three new identified UCC services: e-commerce with used products, advertisement, and registration in computer system. The outcome of the analysis also provides illustrations of how customer needs can be matched with UCC services. For the most studied customer group, receiver of goods, a total of 29 different matches were identified, which illustrates the possibilities but also the complexity of the relationships. To understand the relationship, three different types of gaps were also identified that have implications for future research.The main contributions to research and the UCC literature in particular are enlargement of the scope of customers and the illustration of the relationships between customer needs and UCC services. The illustrations include contributions such as identifying, mapping and describing the customer needs, UCC services, and value propositions. An important first step is to understand how customer needs and UCC services can be linked, and this thesis provides examples of how this can be achieved. Viewing every stakeholder as a potential customer opens up the opportunity to fulfil their needs and the potential to generate revenue, which in turn could close the gap in the problem of non-self-supporting UCCs. Furthermore, with self-supporting UCCs, the number of freight vehicles can be reduced and this may lead to more attractive cities with less traffic congestion and lower emissions.
|
|
| 5. |
- Liposits, Gabor, et al.
(author)
-
Quality of Life in Vulnerable Older Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Receiving Palliative Chemotherapy : The Randomized NORDIC9-Study
- 2021
-
In: Cancers. - : MDPI. - 2072-6694. ; 13:11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Quality of life data from randomized trials are lacking in older patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). In the randomized NORDIC9-study, reduced-dose S1+oxaliplatin (SOx) showed superior efficacy compared to full-dose S1 monotherapy. We hypothesized that treatment with SOx does not result in inferior quality of life. Patients with mCRC aged ≥70 years and that were not a candidate for standard combination chemotherapy were included and randomly assigned to receive either S1 or SOx. The EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire was completed at baseline, after 9, and 18 weeks. The primary endpoint was global Quality of Life (QoL) at 9 weeks. For statistical analysis, a non-inferiority design was chosen applying linear mixed effects models for repeated measurements. The results were interpreted according to statistical significance and anchor-based, clinically relevant between-group minimally important differences (MID). A total of 160 patients aged (median (Interquartile range (IQR))) 78 years (76–81) were included. The QLQ-C30 questionnaire was completed by 150, 100, and 60 patients at baseline, at 9, and 18 weeks, respectively. The difference at 9 weeks in global QoL was 6.85 (95%CI—1.94; 15.65) and 7.37 (0.70; 14.05) in the physical functioning domain in favor of SOx exceeding the threshold for MID. At 18 weeks, the between-group MID in physical functioning was preserved. Dose-reduced combination chemotherapy may be recommended in vulnerable older patients with mCRC, rather than full-dose monotherapy.
|
|
| 6. |
- Simán, Henrik, et al.
(author)
-
Association between Helicobacter pylori and gastric carcinoma in the city of Malmo, Sweden. A prospective study
- 1997
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 32:12, s. 1215-1221
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: We have investigated the association between Helicobacter pylori and gastric carcinoma through a nested case-control study in a single city. METHODS: From a cohort of 32,906 residents recruited from 1974 through 1992, 56 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma and 224 matched controls were selected. The mean interval between serum collection and diagnosis was 5.7 years. Frozen serum or plasma samples were analysed for IgG antibodies against H. pylori with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: The overall seropositivity prevalence in gastric cancer cases was 82%, compared with 49% in controls, giving an odds ratio (OR) of 5.0 (95% confidence interval (CI), 2.2-11.5). Partial gastrectomy because of peptic ulcer 5 to 36 year before diagnosis of gastric cancer could be a confounding factor. With exclusion of 10 such cases, H. pylori seropositivity among cases was 78%, as compared with 50% in matched controls (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.7-9.2). Tumours of the cardia were not associated with H. pylori (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.23-3.7), which is in contrast to tumours of the fundus, corpus, and antrum, which were significantly associated (OR, 11.1; 95% CI, 2.4-71.8). This difference in location was significant (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: There is a significant association between prior infection with H. pylori and later development of gastric carcinoma, and the association is related to noncardia gastric cancer.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Simán, Henrik, et al.
(author)
-
Helicobacter pylori and CagA seropositivity and its association with gastric and oesophageal carcinoma.
- 2007
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 42:8, s. 933-940
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective. Helicobacter pylori infection is an established risk factor for non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma. Infection with H. pylori strains harbouring the cagA pathology island may augment this association. H. pylori infection may at the same time reduce the risk for oesophageal carcinoma. However, prospective data on the association between CagA seropositivity and gastric or oesophageal carcinomas are limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether CagA seropositivity among H. pylori seropositive subjects is associated with gastric or oesophageal carcinomas. Material and methods. A nested case-control study was performed in the Malmo Preventive Medicine cohort consisting of 32,906 middle-aged subjects. Tumour cases were identified by the Swedish National Cancer Registry. The Western blot method Helicoblot 2.1 was used to detect H. pylori and CagA seropositivity. Results. Non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma was associated with H. pylori seropositivity, odds ratio 17.8 (95% CI: 4.2 - 74.8; 67 cases). The odds ratio for CagA seropositivity among H. pylori seropositive subjects was 9.7 ( 95% CI: 1.5 - infinity). No significant associations were found between cardia gastric adenocarcinoma and H. pylori or CagA seropositivity among H. pylori seropositive subjects; odds ratios were 1.5 ( 95% CI: 0.51 - 4.8) and 2.7 ( 95% CI: 0.38 - infinity), respectively ( 24 cases). Oesophageal adenocarcinoma and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma were not significantly associated with H. pylori seropositivity or with CagA seropositivity among H. pylori seropositive subjects; the odds ratios associated with oesophageal adenocarcinoma were 0.46 ( 95% CI: 0.07 - 2.6) and 0.38 ( 95% CI: 0.02 - 24), respectively. Corresponding odds ratios for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma were 0.44 ( 95% CI: 0.15 - 1.2; 37 cases) and 2.0 ( 95% CI: 0.24 - infinity), respectively. Conclusions. CagA seropositivity among H. pylori seropositive subjects is a risk factor for non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma.
|
|
| 9. |
- Simán, Henrik, et al.
(author)
-
Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with a decreased risk of developing oesophageal neoplasms
- 2001
-
In: Helicobacter. - : Wiley. - 1083-4389 .- 1523-5378. ; 6:4, s. 310-316
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background. The role of Helicobacter pylori infection in the development of oesophageal malignancies was investigated through a multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis in a nested case-control study. Methods. Blood samples and a questionnaire on smoking and alcohol habits were collected from a cohort of 32,906 city residents during a health-screening programme between 1974 and 1992. Forty-four cases of oesophageal cancer and 149 matched controls were selected. The mean interval between screening and cancer diagnosis was 11.9 years. H. pylori seropositivity was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay measuring IgG. Occupation was included in the statistical analysis as an indicator of socio-economic status. Results. Helicobacter pylori seropositivity was present in 10 of the cases (22.7%) and 67 of the controls (45.0%). In a multivariate model, vith adjustment for occupation, tobacco and alcohol consumption, the odds ratio for developing in oesophageal malignancy when infected with H. pylori was 0.29 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.12-0.67). Current smokers had an odds ratio of 17.3 (95% Cl: 3.0-99.4) and the odds ratio for ex-smokers was 5.9 (95% CI: 1.15-29.9). High alcohol consumption was no longer significantly, associated with oesophageal neoplasms after tobacco smoking was included into the model, odds ratio 1.22 (95% CI: 0.46-3.2). The protective effect of H. pylori was more pronounced for oesophageal adenocarcinoma (seven cases, odds ratio 0.16, 95% Cl: 0.00-1.06) than for squamous-cell carcinoma (29 cases, odds ratio 0.41, 95% Cl: 0.14-1.2). Conclusions. Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with a decreased risk of developing an oesophageal malignancy. Current smokers and ex-smokers have instead a definite increased risk of oesophageal neoplasms.
|
|
| 10. |
- Simán, Henrik, et al.
(author)
-
Tobacco smoking increases the risk for gastric adenocarcinoma among Helicobacter pylori-infected individuals
- 2001
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - 1502-7708. ; 36:2, s. 208-213
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The importance of tobacco smoking and Helicobacter pylori infection as risk factors in the development of gastric carcinoma was investigated through multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis in a nested case-control study. METHODS: Blood samples and a questionnaire on smoking habits were collected from a cohort of 32,906 city residents during a health screening programme from 1974 to 1992. Fifty-six cases of gastric cancer and 224 matched controls were selected. The mean interval between screening and cancer diagnosis was 5.7 years. H. pylori infection was determined by IgG-serology. Occupation categorized into blue-collar workers, white-collar workers, self-employed and unknown occupation was included in the statistical analysis as an indicator of socio-economic status. RESULTS: The proportion of current smokers was 61% among gastric cancer cases, versus 41% among controls. H. pylori seropositivity was present in 82% of the cases and 49% of the controls. In a multivariate model current smokers had an odds ratio (OR) of 2.2 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2-4.2). With different levels of tobacco consumption, smoking less than 20 g tobacco each day gave the OR of 2.1 (95% CI: 0.98-4.4), and the OR when smoking more than 20 g tobacco per day was 2.5 (95% CI: 1.1-5.6). The OR of H. pylori infection was 5.0 (95% CI: 2.2-11.2). Among H. pylori-seropositive citizens, current smoking was associated with an increased risk of 2.3 (95% CI: 1.1-4.7) compared with non-smoking H. pylori-positive persons. CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco smoking and H. pylori are both risk factors in the development of gastric cancer, and tobacco smoking is still a risk factor among H. pylori-infected individuals. The risk of gastric cancer among H. pylori-infected current smokers is 11 times that of non-infected individuals not currently smoking.
|
|
