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- Glimskär, A., et al.
(author)
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Uppföljning av kvalitetsförändringar i ängs- och betesmark via NILS år 2008
- 2008
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Detta uppdrag är ett led i arbetet med att få fram tillförlitliga data om tillstånd och förändringar i kvalitet och hävd hos ängs- och betesmarker i det svenska odlingslandskapet. Ett av de kvantitativa delmålen för det nationella miljökvalitetsmålet ”Ett rikt odlingslandskap” lyder: ”Senast år 2010 ska samtliga ängs- och betesmarker bevaras och skötas på ett sätt som bevarar deras värden. Arealen hävdad ängsmark ska utökas med minst 5 000 hektar, och arealen hävdad betesmark av de mest hotade typerna ska utökas med minst 13 000 hektar till år 2010” (Miljödepartementet 2001). Detta projekt fokuserar således på naturvärdena, men kan också fungera som ett komplement till miljöstödsstatistiken vad gäller arealer av olika ängs- och betesmarkstyper.Som ett underlag används resultat från Ängs- och betesmarksinventeringen (Ä&B; Jordbruksverket 2005a, b) som genomfördes av Jordbruksverket i samarbete med länsstyrelserna under perioden 2002-2004 och har resulterat i en databas med avgränsning och beskrivning för huvuddelen av Sveriges skyddsvärda slåtter- och betesmarker, den så kallade TUVA-databasen.
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| 3. |
- Hagmar, L., et al.
(author)
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Intra-individual variations and time trends 1991-2001 in human serum levels of PCB, DDE and hexachlorobenzene
- 2006
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In: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 64:9, s. 1507-1513
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: An important question is whether human serum levels of persistent organic pollutants has continued to decrease during the last decades. The aim of this study was to assess intra-individual variations over time of serum levels of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153), 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-ethene (p,p'-DDE) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), considering the impact of a number of possible determinants. Methods: Blood samples were drawn for the same 39 subjects in 1991 and 2001. Interviews were made at both occasions. Lipid adjusted serum concentrations of CB-153, p,p'-DDE and HCB were determined in both sets of blood samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The fatty acid composition of the serum lipids was analyzed by means of gas-liquid chromatography. Result: The CB-153 concentrations in serum had averagely decreased with 34% in between 1991 and 2001 (p < 0.001). Of individual determinants only increasing BMI was associated with decreasing CB-153 levels (beta = -1.0, 95% CI -1.8, -0.2, p = 0.01), explaining 13% of the variation. The average decrease of p,p'-DDE was 55%, and could only weakly be associated with a relative increase of BMI (beta = - 1.0, 95% CI-2.3, 0.2, p=0.09), explaining only 5% of the variation. The average decrease of HCB was 53%, and was associated only with high fish consumption in 1991, explaining 12% of the variation. Conclusions: The results support a continuing decrease in human body burdens of PCBs, DDE and HCB during the 1990s. The explanatory factors relative change of BMI and fish consumption explained only a minor part of the time-related variations in serum levels.
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- Nilsson, Å., et al.
(author)
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Olsalazine versus sulphasalazine for relapse prevention in ulcerative colitis : A multicenter study
- 1995
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In: American Journal of Gastroenterology. - 0002-9270 .- 1572-0241. ; 90:3, s. 381-387
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To compare the relapse-preventing effect and the frequency of adverse events of olsalazine and sulphasalazine in sulphasalazine-tolerant patients with ulcerative colitis. METHODS: Patients in remission, with at least two episodes of active disease during the last 5 yr, were randomized to 2 g of sulphasalazine or 1 g of olsalazine daily and were followed for 6-18 months. Relapse rates in the two groups were compared using frequency and life-table analysis. Sixty-nine patients with proctitis, 140 with left-sided colitis, and 113 with subtotal or total colitis were evaluated. RESULTS: In the intention-to-treat analysis, the failure rate (relapses plus withdrawals) was 54.7% in the olsalazine and 47.2% in the sulphasalazine group. In the per-protocol analysis excluding withdrawals, 44.7% relapsed in the olsalazine and 39.3% in the sulphasalazine group. Remission curves did not differ significantly, although at all time intervals the frequency of remission was slightly higher in the sulphasalazine group (p = 0.19 in the intention-to-treat analysis and p = 0.42 in the per-protocol analysis estimated by the log-rank test). Twelve patients (of whom five had diarrhea) in the olsalazine group versus eight patients in the sulphasalazine group discontinued the study because of side effects. CONCLUSION: The relapse-preventing effect of olsalazine and sulphasalazine in sulphasalazine-tolerant patients did not differ. Furthermore, the tolerability of olsalazine, particularly concerning diarrhea, appears to be better than previously reported.
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| 7. |
- cantillana, T., et al.
(author)
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Interindividual differences in o,p'-DDD enantiomer kinetics examined in Göttingen minipigs
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Other publication (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Five minipigs were given a single oral dose of a racemic mixture of o,p’-DDD (30 mg kg-1 b.w., EF = 0.49). Blood plasma and subcutaneous adipose tissue were collected for analysis, at different time-points over 180 d. At the end of the experiment also liver, kidney and brain tissue were collected. Low concentrations of o,p’-DDD still remained after 180 d in plasma (mean 0.5 ±0.3 ng g-1 f.w.) and in adipose tissue (mean 40 ±40 ng g-1 f..w.). The mean concentrations in liver and kidney were 500 ±300 pg g-1 f.w. and 90 ±50 pg g-1 f.w. respectively. The enantiomers of o,p’-DDD were isolated by HPLC and the absolute configuration of the enantiomers were determined by X-ray crystallography and polarimetry as R-(+)-o,p’-DDD and S-(-)-o,p’-DDD. The enantiomer fractions (EFs) of o,p’-DDD were determined in plasma, adipose tissue and kidney using GC/ECD equipped with a chiral column. The EFs of o,p’-DDD in the individual minipigs showed large variability, ranging from 0.2-0.6 after 24 h in plasma and from 0.2-0.7 after 90 d in adipose tissue. Hence in two of the minipigs, the S-(-)-o,p’-DDD enantiomer was dominating while the other enantiomer, R-(+)-o,p’-DDD was dominating in three minipigs. We propose that a yet not identified factor related to polymorphism, regulating the metabolism and/or elimination of the enantiomeric o,p´-DDD, is responsible for the differences in enantiomeric retention of the compound in the minipigs.
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| 9. |
- Cantillana, T., 1969-, et al.
(author)
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Synthesis of 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-chloro-3-thiophenol)-1,1-dichloroethene (3-SH-DDE) via Newman-Kwart rearrangement - A precursor for synthesis of radiolabeled and unlabeled alkylsulfonyl-DDEs
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- For the first time, a pathway for synthesis of 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-chloro-3-thiophenol)-1,1-dichloroethene (3-SH-DDE), is presented. The compound is of particular interest as a precursor for synthesis of alkylsulfonyl-DDE containing different alkyl groups to discover structural activity relationships, and to promote synthesis of radiolabeled methylsulfonyl-DDE. 2-Chloro-5-methylphenol was first methylated and further oxidized to the corresponding benzoic acid. The acid was reduced to the corresponding aldehyde (4-chloro-3-methoxy benzaldehyde) via 4-chloro-3-methoxy-benzene methanol. A lead/aluminium bimetal system was used to carry out the reductive addition of tetrachloromethane to 4-chloro-3-methoxy benzaldehyde to obtain 2,2,2-trichloro-1-(4-chloro-3-methoxyphenyl)ethanol, the desired starting material to synthesize the DDT-analogue (2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane). Elimination of hydrochloric acid and removal of the methyl group led to the 3-OH-DDE. The Newman-Kwart rearrangement was applied to convert 3-OH-DDE to 3-SH-DDE via the dimethylcarbamothioate derivative. 3-SH-DDE is then used as a precursor for the radiolabel synthesis. The overall yield to acquire 3-SH-DDE after 11 steps was 3%. The step with the lowest yield was the DDT-analog synthesis with a yield of 30%. All other step had a yield of >50%. 3-SH-DDE was methylated with 14C-labeled iodomethane and oxidized by hydrogen peroxide to obtain 3-[14C]MeSO2-DDE in an overall yield of 30%.
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| 10. |
- Cantillana, T., 1969-, et al.
(author)
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Toxicokinetics of the CYP11B1-activated adrenal toxicant 3-MeSO2-DDE in mother and offspring following oral administration to lactating minipigs
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- 3-Methylsulfonyl-4,4’-DDE (3-MeSO2-DDE) is a persistent and bioaccumulative metabolite of 4,4’-DDT, formed through biotransformation of 4,4’-DDE and characterized by a high and tissue-specific toxicity in the adrenal cortex in mouse fetuses, suckling pups and adult mice. 3-MeSO2-DDE also targets the human adrenal cortex kept in tissue-culture ex-vivo and human adrenocortical H295R cells in vitro. The present study was designed to examine the excretion of 3-MeSO2-DDE in milk and the maternal and neonatal toxicokinetics following a single oral dose to lactating minipigs. Milk, maternal fat, and plasma from five pigs and their suckling offspring were collected at regular intervals during four weeks. At autopsy on day 30 post partum, adrenals, liver and body fat were sampled from mothers and piglets. The levels of 3-MeSO2-DDE were measured by gas chromatography and the toxicokinetics in mothers and offspring were computed. The levels of 3-MeSO2-DDE in milk were considerably higher than in maternal and offspring plasma throughout the investigation. Based on both fresh weight and fat contents, the 3-MeSO2-DDE plasma levels in the piglets were about five times higher than in the mothers. A strong accumulation of 3-MeSO2-DDE was observed in fat tissue and a moderate accumulation in adrenals and liver of mothers and offspring. The retained tissue levels in the piglets were consistently higher than in the mothers. It is concluded that suckling offspring were more exposed than their mothers, which were given 3-MeSO2-DDE orally. The results suggest that human risk assessment of the adrenocorticolytic environmental pollutant 3-MeSO2-DDE should be focussed on breast-fed infants. Also in highly 4,4’-DDE- and 3-MeSO2-DDE-exposed marine mammals, the risks posed by 3-MeSO2-DDE are likely most pronounced during the postnatal period
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