| 1. |
- Bligård, Lars-Ola, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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Comparing 2D and 3D models as tools for evaluation of workplaces
- 2015
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In: Creating Sustainable Work Environments. - : NEHF (Norwegian society for Ergonomics and Human Factors). - 9788299574754 ; , s. A3-11-A3-15
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to present a comparison between 2D and 3D models as tools for evaluating workplaces. The comparison focus on differences in the comments when evaluation with 2D and 3D models. The results make strong indication that overall layout, line of sight and space are perceived differently in 2D and 3D models.
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| 2. |
- Bligård, Lars-Ola, 1976, et al.
(author)
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Comparing 2D and 3D models as tools for evaluation of workplaces
- 2015
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In: NORDIC ERGONOMICS SOCIETY ANNUAL CONFERENCE.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to present a comparison between 2D and 3D models as tools for evaluating workplaces. The comparison focus on different given in the comments when evaluation with 2D and 3D models. The results make strong indication that overall layout, line of sight and space are perceived differently in 2D and 3D models.
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| 3. |
- Bligård, Lars-Ola, 1976, et al.
(author)
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The power of the dollhouse : Comparing the use of full-scale, 1:16-scale and virtual 3D-models for user evaluation of workstation design
- 2018
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In: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. - : Elsevier. - 0169-8141 .- 1872-8219. ; 68, s. 344-354
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The benefits of having users evaluate product or workplace design during the development process are well known. This is often achieved by letting users interact with one or more models of the design proposal, in order to elicit feedback. The issue for product developers is to choose what type(s) of models to use (from paper drawings to physical or virtual mock-ups or fully working prototypes) and when to use them in the development process, while making optimal use of resources like time, money and personnel.This paper compares three types of simple three-dimensional (3D) models (1:1 scale, 1:16 scale and CAD) representing a ship bridge workstation, examining what kind of feedback they elicit in a design evaluation with representative users. Participants were asked to assess the proposed design and to compare the models' relative merits. The study found that while all three types of 3D models elicited several types of useful design feedback, there were differences in both quantity and content of the feedback elicited by each model type. The physical models elicited more feedback than the CAD model, both regarding content richness (direct and indirect design feedback) and quantity. The tangibility of the models seems to greatly influence acceptance and credibility.
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| 4. |
- Bligård, Lars-Ola, 1976, et al.
(author)
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Using 2D and 3D models as tools during a workplace design process : a question of how and when
- 2014
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In: Proceedings of the 46th Annual Nordic Ergonomics Society Conference. - Copenhagen, Denmark : Danmarks Tekniske Universitet, DTU. ; , s. 799-804
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The benefits of involving users in a development process are well described. This paper describes a procedure for using 2D and 3D models in a workplace design process, which is based on three rounds of user studies within the maritime domain. The process includes various kinds of models that can be used in order to elicit design feedback in a cost-effective manner. Design teams can greatly benefit from using such mediating objects to draw out the users’ previous experiences. It was found that different model types allow different levels of reflection and questioning of the design from the prospective users.
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| 5. |
- Österman, Cecilia, 1971, et al.
(author)
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Enabling end-user participation in ship design
- 2011
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In: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Nordic Ergonomics Society Conference - Wellbeing and Innovation Through Ergonomics. - 9789514295416 ; , s. 243-248
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The globalized nature of the shipping industry poses challenges to a traditional set-up of a collaborativedesign and development team involving end-users. The present study explores aspects of end-user involvement and three different 3D models’ abilities to act as boundary objects in a ship design process.The preliminary results indicate that the evaluation methods and representations used in the study produced valuable design feedback. With relatively small means, the procedure supports the benefits of employee participation, contributing to a safe and efficient ship design and subsequent operation.
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| 6. |
- Österman, Cecilia, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Involving users in a ship bridge re-design process using scenarios and mock-up models
- 2016
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In: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. - : Elsevier. - 0169-8141 .- 1872-8219. ; 53, s. 236-244
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The context for this study is the maritime domain and the design of shipboard workspaces. Due to the globalized nature of shipping, the traditional approach to a participative ergonomics process can be a logistical challenge since stakeholders like designers, manufacturers and operators are often scattered both geographically and organizationally.The participative design study presented in this paper addresses this challenge by exploring the ability of three types of simple three-dimensional (3D) models to act as mediating objects for representative users in order to elicit design feedback in a use scenario workshop format. The study found that all three types of 3D models, when coupled with a scenario description, elicited several types of useful design feedback that served not only as direct input to changing proposed design parameters, but also as an unprompted long-term learning opportunity for the design team to gain insight into the lives and challenges of their users, who both work and live on board.Relevance to industry: The paper presents a procedure for a participatory design process in the maritime domain where the involved stakeholders are geographically and organizationally dispersed. Mock-up models coupled with use scenario descriptions elicited useful design feedback and an unprompted long-term learning opportunity for the design team.
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| 7. |
- Babapour Chafi, Maral, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Ergonomics of Office Work in a VR Environment: A State-of-the-art Literature Review
- 2022
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In: Conference Proceedings of the 51st NES Conference: Work Well - Ergonomics in an unpredictable world. - 9789150629750
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Virtual Reality (VR) holds promise as a potential professional work tool – one such potential is to support office work tasks. VR is a simulated environment accessed via head-mounted displays and hand-controlled devices for interacting with the virtual interface. This paper aims to provide a state-of-the-art review of empirical research on VR-based office work, focusing on ergonomics. A structured literature database search and criteria-based exclusion led to a total of 5 papers addressing office work in a VR environment. The research on VR-based office work identifies potentials and drawbacks relevant to consider for future research and developments. The identified studies examine technical solutions, task performance, user experience and comfort when using VR-based solutions. The fast pace of technology development, e.g lighter headsets, increased field of vision and screen resolution, new controls, and the emerging plethora of new software may resolve many identified challenges, while perhaps introducing new problems.
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| 8. |
- Barletta, Ilaria Giovanna, 1988, et al.
(author)
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A Methodology to Align Core Manufacturing Capabilities with Sustainable Manufacturing Strategies
- 2018
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In: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 69, s. 242-247
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- How do core business and manufacturing capabilities enable strategies for sustainable manufacturing, and what are those capabilities? This paper proposes a Capability Methodology for Sustainable Manufacturing (CMSM) for allowing top management of manufacturing companies to address these questions. A diagnostic tool was developed from three case studies based on a set of interview questions aimed at identifying core capabilities and sustainability issues in manufacturing companies. Interview data was coded and mapped through a relational matrix formulation that describes four archetypes for the development of sustainability strategies. The matrix maps the degree of complexity of the sustainability concept as understood by the company, and the scope of the product life cycle being considered. It is argued that the methodology helps bring awareness to managers of any gaps or mismatches between their actual core capabilities and the desired outcomes for sustainable manufacturing.
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| 9. |
- Barletta, Ilaria Giovanna, 1988, et al.
(author)
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Prerequisites for a high-level framework to design sustainable plants in the e-waste supply chain
- 2015
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In: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 29, s. 633-638
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Currently few attempts to properly structure knowledge that specifically supports a fully sustainable e-waste treatment system design have been proposed in literature. As a result, this paper sets up the prerequisites for a high-level framework to design sustainable plants in the supply chain of e-waste. The framework addresses production and environmental engineers mainly. The methodology grows out of literature studies, research project’s outcomes and interviews with a group of sector experts. Stemming from this, a list of prerequisites was presented for the case study of an automated plant for e-waste sorting in order to design it while considering the triple-bottom-line of sustainability.
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| 10. |
- Berglund, Jonatan, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Production system geometry assurance using 3D imaging
- 2016
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In: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 44, s. 132-137
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Production systems evolve to accommodate new and redesigned products. These changes are planned offline in virtual tools, to reduce disturbances on ongoing production. Offline planning requires virtual models that correctly represent reality. Most models are "as-designed" and suffer from geometrical errors stemming from deployment alterations. Such errors are often discovered late in the next change process or during installation, making corrections expensive. Having geometry assured production systems and models eliminate one source of error during the production system change process. This paper evaluates 3D imaging and the C2M (cloud-to-mesh) algorithm for assessing the validity of virtual production system models.
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